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大震后区域静态库仑应力变化直接影响地震活动性速率的变化、主震断层外余震和即将失稳断层的发震概率的变化.利用滑移速率和状态相依赖的摩擦定律,结合2008年3月21日于田地震前后的地震活动性水平,定量计算了2008年于田地震后该地区周边断层发震概率的变化,着重解释了2014年于田地震发震的可能根源.此外,本文还对库仑应力明显变化的周边三条断层进行了发震概率的定量计算.贡嘎错断裂中段、贡嘎错断裂西南段和康西瓦断裂中段分别经历了发震概率先降后升、先升后升和先降后降两个阶段,充分显示了库仑应力的细微变化造成的周边断层的危险性的变化.这三条断裂发生7.0级以上地震的发震概率超越95%均需要500年左右;贡嘎错断裂西南段发生中强地震的可能性较大,而康西瓦断裂中段活跃度较低. 相似文献
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本文在组合模式和立交模式的基础上提出了预报中、强地震的动态空区法，应用该法对我国大震进行了回顾性检验。结果表明，这一方法比单空区确定地震危险区有重要改进。文中还讨论了由动态空区出现的频次增多、地震共轭条带以及中小地震活动性加剧等判定震源断层的致锁和解锁时间，由此预测未来主震的震级和发震时间。 相似文献
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本文改进了地震活动性模拟方法,使模型可以使用GPS反演得到的断层滑动速率的结果作为应力加载,进行区域的地震活动性模拟.选取太原地区作为研究区域,模拟并分析太原地区地震活动性.计算太原地区长达20000年的理论地震目录,通过对理论地震目录进行分析发现模拟结果的震级频度关系与实际观测资料具有相似性.太原地区的震级大于6级的模拟地震在时间上表现出很强的随机性,与年平均发生率为0.0129a~(-1)的Poisson过程对比,当采用卡方检验进行检验时,置信水平达到99.0%;然而,单一断层的强震的时间分布与相应年平均发生率的Poisson分布并不完全相近,部分断层拟合置信水平为90%左右,部分断层置信水平接近为0.这一结果表明,用Poisson过程估计太原地区长期地震发生率是比较合理的,估计单一断层上的地震危险性不是十分合理.地震危险性模拟结果显示,太原盆地地区7级以上地震的复现周期为4000年. 相似文献
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A seismic gap on the Anninghe fault in western Sichuan,China 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Through integrated analyses of time-varying patterns of regional seismicity, occurrence background of strong and large historical earthquakes along active faults, and temporal-spatial distribution of accu- rately relocated hypocenters of modern small earthquakes, this paper analyzes and discusses the im- plication of a 30-year-lasting seismic quiescence in the region along and surrounding the Anninghe and Zemuhe faults in western Sichuan, China. It suggests that the seismic quiescence for ML≥4.0 events has been lasting in the studied region since January, 1977, along with the formation and evaluation of a seismic gap of the second kind, the Anninghe seismic gap. The Anninghe seismic gap has the background of a seismic gap of the first kind along the Anninghe fault, and has resulted from evident fault-locking and strain-accumulating along the fault during the last 30 years. Now, two fault sections either without or with less small earthquakes exist along the Anninghe fault within the An- ninghe seismic gap. They indicate two linked and locked fault-sections, the northern Mianning section and the Mianning-Xichang section with lengths of 65 km and 75 km and elapsed time from the latest large earthquakes of 527 and 471 years, respectively. Along the Anninghe fault, characteristics of both the background of the first kind seismic gap and the seismicity patterns of the second seismic gap, as well as the hypocenter depth distribution of modern small earthquakes are comparable, respectively, to those appearing before the M=8.1 Hoh Xil earthquake of 2001 and to those emerging in the 20 years before the M=7.1 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake of 1989, suggesting that the Anninghe seismic gap is tending to become mature, and hence its mid- to long-term potential of large earthquakes should be noticeable. The probable maximum magnitudes of the potential earthquakes are estimated to be as large as 7.4 for both the two locked sections of the Anninghe fault. 相似文献
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本研究采用基于库仑破裂准则的地震活动性准静态模型,模拟计算了川西地区长达10000年的理论地震目录,通过对理论地震目录的分析发现川西地区Ms≥7.0强震在时间上表现出很强的随机性,与平均地震发生率为1/22.0年－1（≈0.0454年－1）的Poisson过程很相近, Poisson模型可能是川西地区开展长期（数10年）地震危险性计算中较为合适的模型.而单一断层Ms≥7.0强震的时间间隔分布与Poisson过程存在很大的差异,用Poisson模型估计单一构造上长期地震危险性可能是不合适的.通过分析模拟产生的长时间理论地震目录,逐一给出了川西地区主要断层的Ms≥7.0强震的时间间隔分布与平均Ms≥7.0强震的复现时间,并讨论了主要断层间强震活动的相互关联,计算出了强震在各断层间的转移概率.定量计算了研究区一断层的破裂产生的库仑应力在研究区其他断层面上的投影.从而为研究断层间的相互作用,研究一断层发生强震对其他断层发生强震危险性的影响提供了依据.本文为开展区域地震危险性分析研究提出了新的思想和途径. 相似文献
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岷山断块位于中国南北强震构造带的中段, 区域地质构造复杂, 活动断裂众多, 强震频发。 4条不同走向的活动断裂NE向龙门山构造带的茂汶断裂、 NWW向东昆仑断裂带的塔藏断裂、 近NS向的岷江断裂和NNW—NS向的虎牙断裂构成岷山断块的南北西东边界。 638—2017年该区域共发生了10次6级以上破坏性地震, 2017年九寨沟7.0级地震就是其中之一。 结合区域构造背景, 对岷山断块所发生的6级以上地震的发震构造特征、 地震活动特性进行归纳总结, 综合分析该区域地震地质特征及地震危险性, 得出以下认识: ① 地震分布空间分区特征显著, 破坏性强震发震构造多为活动性较强的岷山断块东西边界断裂, 震中位置多位于两组或多组活动断裂构造的交会或穿切部位; ② 地震分布时间特征表现为随着时间发展具有迁移回返和原地复发性等特点; ③ 岷山断块东西边界断裂破坏性地震的发生具有一定的时间关联性, 东边界虎牙断裂1973—2017年的地震序列为西边界岷江断裂1933—1960年地震序列约40年后的地震构造响应; ④ 未来岷山断块仍应是继续关注的强震潜在危险区, 岷江断裂中北段的强震潜在危险区是近期值得深入研究的地区之一。 相似文献
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新疆于田地区位于青藏高原与塔里木盆地相交会的地方, 强震频发。 2008年以来, 该地区陆续发生的4次M6以上强震都位于阿尔金断裂带南分支的龙木错—郭扎错断裂带附近。 这些地震的发生为研究于田地区中强震活动的空间分布及其之间的相互作用及提供了很好的实例。 首先, 利用小震目录对区域地震活动进行分析, 给出了地震活动性参数b值的空间分布。 然后, 采用分层黏弹性模型研究了区域4次中强地震所造成的区域应力转移。 我们发现, 于田地区近年来强震活动的时空分布特征可能与区域地壳应力水平的差异有关。 康西瓦断裂带上历史强震活跃, 但是现今地震较平静, b值较高; 而龙木错—郭扎错断裂带附近的b值相对较低, 现今强震活动频繁。 于田地区4次中强震造成的应力转移则比较复杂, 2012年地震受到2008年地震的卸载作用, 而2014年和2020年2次地震的发生均受到前序地震的促进作用。 综合区域地震活动和强震之间应力转移的分析, 可以认为阿尔金断裂带南支的龙木错—郭扎错断裂带上, 应力水平仍然相对较高, 未来的地震危险性仍然较大。 相似文献
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Cristiano Collettini Massimiliano Barchi Cristina Pauselli Costanzo Federico Giampaolo Pialli 《Journal of Geodynamics》2000,29(3-5)
This paper deals with the geometry and kinematics of the active normal faults in northern Umbria, and their relationship with the seismicity observed in the area. In particular, we illustrate the contribution of seismic reflection data (a network of seismic profiles, NNW–SSE and WSW–ENE trending) in constraining at depth the geometry of the different active fault systems and their reciprocal spatial relationships. The main normal fault in the area is the Alto Tiberina fault, NNW trending and ENE dipping, producing a displacement of about 5 km, and generating a continental basin (Val Tiberina basin), infilled by up to 1500 m with Upper Pliocene–Quaternary deposits. The fault has a staircase trajectory, and can be traced on the seismic profiles to a depth of about 13 km. A set of WSW-dipping, antithetic faults can be recognised on the profiles, the most important of which is the Gubbio fault, bordering an extensional Quaternary basin and interpreted as an active fault based on geological, geomorphologic and seismological evidence. The epicentral distribution of the main historical earthquakes is strictly parallel to the general trend of the normal faults. The focal mechanisms of the major earthquakes show a strong similarity with the attitude of the extensional faults, mapped at the surface and recognised on the seismic profiles. These observations demonstrate the connection between seismicity in the area and the activity of the normal faults. Moreover, the distribution of the instrumental seismicity suggests the activity of the Alto Tiberina fault as the basal detachment for the extensional tectonics of the area. Finally, the action of the Alto Tiberina fault was simulated using two dimensional finite element modelling: a close correspondence between the concentration of shear stresses in the model and the distribution of the present earthquakes was obtained. 相似文献
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D. Shanker H. N. Singh H. Paudyal A. Kumar A. Panthi V. P. Singh 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2010,167(6-7):655-666
A long-range correlation between earthquakes is indicated by some phenomena precursory to strong earthquakes. Most of the major earthquakes show prior seismic activity that in hindsight seems anomalous. The features include changes in regional activity rate and changes in the pattern of small earthquakes, including alignments on unmapped linear features near the (future) main shock. It has long been suggested that large earthquakes are preceded by observable variations in regional seismicity. Studies on seismic precursors preceding large to great earthquakes with M ≥ 7.5 were carried out in the northeast India region bounded by the area 20°–32°N and 88°–100°E using the earthquake database from 1853 to 1988. It is observed that all earthquakes of M ≥ 7.5, including the two great earthquakes of 1897 and 1950, were preceded by abnormally low anomalous seismicity phases some 11–27 years prior to their occurrence. On the other hand, precursory time periods ranged from 440 to 1,768 days for main shocks with M 5.6–6.5 for the period from 1963 to 1988. Furthermore, the 6 August, 1988 main shock of M 7.5 in the Arakan Yoma fold belt was preceded by well-defined patterns of anomalous seismicity that occurred during 1963–1964, about 25.2 years prior to its occurrence. The pattern of anomalous seismicity in the form of earthquake swarms preceding major earthquakes in the northeast India region can be regarded as one of the potential seismic precursors. Database constraints have been the main barrier to searching for this precursor preceding smaller earthquakes, which otherwise might have provided additional information on its existence. The entire exercise indicates that anomalous seismicity preceding major shocks is a common seismic pattern for the northeast India region, and can be employed for long-range earthquake prediction when better quality seismological data sets covering a wide range of magnitudes are available. Anomalous seismic activity is distinguished by a much higher annual frequency of earthquake occurrence than in the preceding normal and the following gap episodes. 相似文献
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对大地震发生后强余震的震源机制,基于主要地震断层上小余震的时空分布进行了详细研究.近期在中国境内发生的强烈板内地震,如1976年唐山、1975年海城、1976年盐源——宁蒗等地震曾被中国地震台网很好记录.主震刚发生后的小余震以及强余震前后的小余震的震源用 S——P 时间的收敛法进行测定.强余震的断层是依靠这些小余震的震中分布来描绘的.可以看出有三种情况.第一,在主震断层区内,一次强余震发生在较小余震的比较不密集的部位;第二,一次强余震沿断层发生并与主震断层是共轭的;第三,一次强余震在沿平行并离开主震断层的断层上发生.可以认为,地质条件控制着强余震的发生.作为强余震的可能前兆,则有唐山地震的一次强余震,震级为7.1.其发生前,出现一些前震以及在接近主震断层方向上的某些地震台所记录的初动方向有变化.可以设想,这里的应力场在强余震发生前是有所变化的. 相似文献
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2016年12月—2018年4月间布设于汶川、芦山地震之间地震空段的密集监测台阵(LmsSGA)提供了密集的观测数据.通过拾取地震走时、初始定位,计算地方震级,得到了完备性震级为0级的地震目录.更加完备的地震目录为地震空段及周围地震活动的时空分布特征和孕震风险性评估提供了丰富的信息.重定位结果显示地震主要集中于龙门山断裂带深度为5～20km的孕震层内.地震活动频繁的汶川、芦山主震区,震源的空间分布模式与其早期余震相似,说明两次大地震的区域仍处于缓慢的应力调整阶段.青藏高原物质东向挤出受宝兴、彭灌杂岩阻挡,在两个杂岩体西北侧地震活动频繁.地震活动性分布显示汶川—茂县、映秀—北川断裂上存在一个清晰的长约30km,宽约20km的地震活动"空白"区域,与其下方因部分熔融而产生的低速体分布一致,我们推测熔融体的加温作用是导致空段内极低的地震活动性的主要原因.监测时段内仍观测到降雨变化率和地震数量呈反相关关系,再次证实了汶川—芦山地震间地震空段及邻区内季节性降雨对地震活动性存在一定调节作用.综合分析S波速度模型、历史强震活动及b值,我们推断地震空段东部的彭灌断裂中段及周围部分隐伏断层存在发生强震的风险. 相似文献
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Seismic analysis of the Xiluodu reservoir area and insights into the geometry of seismogenic faults 
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下载免费PDF全文 The Xiluodu (XLD) reservoir is the second largest reservoir in China and the largest in the Jinsha River basin. The occurrence of two M > 5 earthquakes after reservoir impoundment has aroused great interest among seismologists and plant operators. We comprehensively analyzed the seismicity of the XLD reservoir area using precise earthquake relocation results and focal mechanism solutions and found that the seismicity of this area was weak before impoundment. Following impoundment, earthquake activity increased significantly. The occurrence of M ≥ 3.5 earthquakes within five years of impoundment also appear to be closely related to rapid rises and falls in water level, though this correlation weakened after five years because earthquake activity was far from the reservoir area. Earthquakes in the XLD reservoir area are clustered; near the dam (Area A), small faults are intermittently distributed along the river, while Area B is composed of multiple NW-trending left-lateral strike-slip faults and a thrust fault and Area C is composed of a NW-trending left-lateral strike-slip main fault and a nearly EW-trending right-lateral strike-slip minor fault. The geometries of the deep and the shallow parts of the NW-trending fault differ. Under the action of the NW-trending background stress field, a series of NW-trending left-lateral strike-slip faults and NE-trending thrust faults in critical stress states were dislocated due to the stress caused by reservoir impoundment. The two largest earthquakes in the XLD reservoir area were tectonic earthquakes that were directly triggered by impoundment. 相似文献
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7级以上的强震并不是在一片空白上突然发生的,而是在一种间歇性的地震活动背景下发生的,研究这种背景地震活动的规律,为判定一个活动期的强震的潜在震源区提供信息。本文通过对华北历史上记录到的18次7级以上强震的震前史和震后史的研究,提出了华北地区强震背景地震活动的四条规律:①强震前多有6级以上的背景地震发生;②并且多有信息地震发生;③短时间近距离的两个强震之间可能出现缓震现象;④强震具有一定的减震作用。文中根据这四条规律,对华北地区1501——1730年的强震潜在震源区做了判别分析。 相似文献
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强震发生前震源及其周围地区可能会出现前震活动, 这种前震活动可以分为二种: 一种为连续型, 即前震的频度或震级随时间渐渐增大, 直至主震发生; 另一种为不连续型, 前震的频度和震级先增大后减小, 然后发震。 这种现象不但在破裂声发射试验中观测到, 也在中国大陆地区多次强震前被观测到。 文中基于细胞自动机模型, 引入时间-状态依从摩擦本构关系, 即把自组织非线性系统的普适特征与真实断层摩擦的具体特征结合起来, 研究了强震前短期前兆地震活动的时间演化过程的机理。 文中研究了模型中各参数对模拟事件时间过程的影响, 结果表明, 静摩擦强度在断层上的分布, 或是说静摩擦系数的离散程度直接影响强震前地震活动时间演化过程。 相似文献
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2002年3月3日大桥水库诱发了Ms4．6级水库地震，其发震构造是安宁河东支断裂近傍具有正断层性质的一个分支断裂。据大桥台网7年多库区地震观测事件记录，地震空间分布上水体附近有一个明显的活跃过程，大坝上游发生小震群，大坝下游发生主震序列。地震的震源深度在蓄水前后有明显变化。4．6级地震的震源机制解的主压应力轴方位和倾角与大多数活动断裂上的地震有明显的差别，主压应力轴的倾角与其它的水库地震相比也存在较大差别。 相似文献
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本文根据历史地震(Ms6.0)的资料,研究了鲜水河断裂带的地震活动性,并利用断层的位错模式进一步研究该断裂带的应力积累和释放过程.结果表明,该断裂带的强震活动大致以道孚为界,形成北西和南东两个活动地段,呈现南北交替活动的特征.地震能量的这种交替释放似具有准周期性质,Ms7.0级地震的平均复发周期为27.6年.给出该断裂带在三个不同时间段(1700-1811,1816-1967,1816-1982)强震断层作用引起的应力释放图象,讨论了前两个时间段地震应力场对其后发生的第一个大地震的重要影响.计算了1893年以来在断裂带南东段(相对闭锁段)的应力积累,示出相应的最大剪应力和流体静应力等值线图.最后,根据应力积累、附加应力变化、地震活动规律和应变释放曲线特征,估计了鲜水河断裂带的地震趋势.认为在本世纪末,在断裂带南东段的(1)康定-磨西段或(2)道孚-乾宁段或(3)乾宁-康定段将可能发生 Ms=7.40.3地震. 相似文献
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In this paper, we present a model for studying aftershock sequences that integrates Coulomb static stress change analysis, seismicity equations based on rate-state friction nucleation of earthquakes, slip of geometrically complex faults, and fractal-like, spatially heterogeneous models of crustal stress. In addition to modeling instantaneous aftershock seismicity rate patterns with initial clustering on the Coulomb stress increase areas and an approximately 1/t diffusion back to the pre-mainshock background seismicity, the simulations capture previously unmodeled effects. These include production of a significant number of aftershocks in the traditional Coulomb stress shadow zones and temporal changes in aftershock focal mechanism statistics. The occurrence of aftershock stress shadow zones arises from two sources. The first source is spatially heterogeneous initial crustal stress, and the second is slip on geometrically rough faults, which produces localized positive Coulomb stress changes within the traditional stress shadow zones. Temporal changes in simulated aftershock focal mechanisms result in inferred stress rotations that greatly exceed the true stress rotations due to the main shock, even for a moderately strong crust (mean stress 50 MPa) when stress is spatially heterogeneous. This arises from biased sampling of the crustal stress by the synthetic aftershocks due to the non-linear dependence of seismicity rates on stress changes. The model indicates that one cannot use focal mechanism inversion rotations to conclusively demonstrate low crustal strength (≤10 MPa); therefore, studies of crustal strength following a stress perturbation may significantly underestimate the mean crustal stress state for regions with spatially heterogeneous stress. 相似文献
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对川滇地区主要活动断裂地震活动性的分析表明 ,该区主要活动断裂间存在地震活动的相关性 :1)强震活跃期沿着鲜水河断裂、小江断裂、红河断裂、龙陵 -澜沧断裂及NE向的龙门山 -瑞丽断裂依次迁移 ;2 )鲜水河断裂与龙陵 -澜沧断裂不仅在强震活动上 ,而且在b值变化上存在较强的相关性 ,是平行断裂在区域应力场作用下相互作用的结果 ;3)龙门山 -瑞丽断裂与上述川滇地区其它近NW向断裂间存在地震交替活动的现象 ;4 )龙门山 -瑞丽断裂的地震具有分段活动的特征 ,是断块差异活动的体现。有限元分析显示 ,上述断层相互作用现象是块体非均匀运动过程中应力场调整的反映 ,是块体运动的结果。研究表明川滇地区主要断层地震活动间存在 3种相互作用的现象 ,即块体边界迁移型、旋向相反平行断层交替型和交叉断层交替型 相似文献