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1.
受历史汞矿开采活动影响,万山汞矿区稻田遭受了严重的汞污染。为了查明万山汞矿区稻田土壤的汞污染现状以及评估其环境质量改善情况,系统采集了受汞矿区影响的五条主干河流沿岸稻田土壤进行汞含量分析,评价总汞和甲基汞污染程度及其生态风险,并与2008年以来该区域稻田土壤汞数据进行对比。结果表明,研究区稻田土壤的总汞含量为0.21~207 mg/kg,几何平均值为(4.26±4.83)mg/kg;甲基汞含量为0.42~13μg/kg,几何平均值为(1.81±1.93)μg/kg。59%的稻田土壤处于重度汞污染,75%的稻田土壤存在极强的汞潜在生态风险。与已往数据相比,稻田土壤汞含量在2012年后呈下降趋势,基本反映了当地汞防治措施的执行效果。为了避免稻田土壤汞污染引起的安全健康风险,今后应采取除污染源治理以外的土壤修复措施或风险管控措施。 相似文献
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汞矿区稻田土壤汞形态分布特征及对甲基化的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
汞污染区稻米甲基汞超标现象普遍存在,汞在土壤中的形态分布被认为是影响甲基化过程的重要因素之一.本研究选取贵州省万山废弃汞矿区和土法炼汞区为研究区域,在水稻生长期间对稻田土壤剖面中总汞、甲基汞及形态汞进行测定,结合土壤环境因子指标,讨论土壤汞形态分布特征对甲基化的影响.研究表明,汞矿区稻田土壤中总汞和甲基汞均表现出随土壤深度加深而逐渐降低的趋势,且主要以有机结合态和残渣态形式存在,占总汞的98％以上.在废弃汞矿区,不同形态汞可能会转化为生物难以利用的形态:溶解态与可交换态、特殊吸附态与氧化态汞可能先转变为有机结合态,再转变为残渣态汞.在土法炼汞区表现为硫酸盐还原与铁还原过程驱动的汞甲基化过程,并且有机结合态汞可能也参与了甲基化过程. 相似文献
3.
运用AAS和GC-CVAFS法分别测定了贵州万山汞矿区表层土壤中的总汞(THg)和甲基汞(MeHg),探讨了土壤中THg和MeHg的含量分布特征矿区土壤THg和MeHg含量分别为1.1～790 mg/kg和0.13～15 μg/kg;对照区土壤THg和MeHg含量分别为0.10～1.2 mg/kg和0.10～0.28 μg/kg.矿区不同耕作类型土壤中,稻田和菜地土壤MeHg含量明显高于旱田土壤. 相似文献
4.
为分析工程性低温热解技术对土壤和底泥中总汞及形态汞变化的影响,采集T1区(化工污染类型)稻田土、河道底泥及T2区(矿山冶炼类型)稻田土进行处理,并对处理前后土样总汞及形态汞浓度进行测定。结果表明,低温工程性修复高浓度汞污染土壤和底泥中总汞去除率可达70%以上,T1区稻田土、底泥及T2区稻田土中有机结合态汞分别降低84.2%、71.4%、92.2%,残渣态汞分别降低58.9%、69.4%、95.2%;不同污染形式所形成的汞污染状况不同,相较于T2区,T1区有机结合态高、残渣态低;热解后土壤露天放置相比于密封存储,有机结合态增高4.1%,残渣态降低4.3%,由于受到生态环境的影响,可能存在残渣态向有机结合态转化的趋势。以潜在生态危害指数法对土壤和底泥中总汞及生物有效态汞进行生态风险评价发现,低温热解修复效果表现为稻田土优于底泥。 相似文献
5.
为了更好地对土壤中可提取态汞进行测定,针对目前常用的氯化钙提取-原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中可提取态汞的方法存在测定结果偏低和重现性差的问题,对该方法进行优化。研究采用在氯化钙提取液提取可提取态汞的滤清液中加入适量的重铬酸钾作为保护剂,以保护提取液中的汞不被器壁、溶液胶体吸附,从而解决溶液放置一段时间后测定结果偏低和重现性差的问题,同时考察了测定酸度、硼氢化钾浓度、提取温度、提取液浓度、土液比、提取时间和重铬酸钾的加入量对测定结果的影响,并优选出最佳条件：测定酸度为10%(V/V)的盐酸、硼氢化钾的浓度为10 g/L、提取温度为20℃±2℃、提取液浓度为0.01 mol/L、土液比为1∶10、提取时间为60 min、重铬酸钾的加入体积为2.0 mL。试验结果表明,以本试验推荐的最佳条件测定土壤中的可提取态汞,精密度(RSD,n=7)小于5%,相对误差(RE)小于5%,适用于土壤中可提取态汞的测定。 相似文献
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土壤重金属元素可提取态是衡量其生物有效性的重要指标,但其含量随着土壤酸碱性等环境条件的变化而改变,在提取土壤重金属元素可提取态时,不可避免地面临着提取剂与提取方法的选择。中国有关土壤重金属元素可提取态的标准分析方法或技术规范涉及的提取剂多达7种(pH=5.8盐酸溶液、0.1mol/L盐酸溶液、0.43±0.02mol/L硝酸溶液、0.11mol/L乙酸溶液、1mol/L硝酸铵溶液、0.005mol/L DTPA浸提剂、0.01mol/L氯化钙溶液),不同学者对不同提取剂有不同的研究结论,对于通用提取剂的系统研究未见报道。本文选择代表性农耕土壤样品,采用以上7种提取剂提取其中8种重金属元素(镉镍铜锌铬铅砷汞),电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定镉铬铜铅锌镍含量,原子荧光光谱法(AFS)测定砷和汞含量,对比了7种提取剂对各重金属元素的提取率,并研究了土壤酸碱性质对重金属元素提取率的影响。结果表明：(1)稀酸溶液对土壤重金属元素的提取率较高,且与土壤的酸碱性无关;(2) 1mol/L硝酸铵溶液虽然对镉的提取能力表征了镉在酸性土壤中的活性远大于碱性土壤的特点,但其对碱性土壤中铅的提取率... 相似文献
7.
孟博胡海燕李平冯新斌 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2020,(1):12-23
水稻是甲基汞的超富集农作物,汞污染区稻米普遍含有较高含量的甲基汞。食用大米是我国南方内陆居民人体甲基汞暴露的主要途径。水稻甲基汞污染问题已经引起了国际社会的高度关注。国内外学者围绕稻田生态系统汞的生物地球化学循环开展了大量的研究工作,取得了一系列重要研究成果。本文总结了稻田土壤汞的关键形态转化过程研究现状及存在问题,对未来需要进一步开展的研究工作进行了展望,包括:稻田土壤中汞的甲基化过程、影响因素及参与汞甲基化的主要微生物群落;典型汞矿区稻田土壤中汞的形态分布特征与参与甲基化反应的主要汞形态的识别;稻田土壤中汞的还原过程及对甲基化的影响;稻田生态系统汞的同位素分馏特征及汞的生物地球化学过程定量识别。 相似文献
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分别采用HAc、NH4Ac、KI、EDTA、Na2S2O3等萃取剂萃取污染土壤中汞,研究了萃取剂对汞的萃取效果和萃取条件对萃取率的影响,并分析了用Na2S2O3溶液萃取前后土壤中汞的形态变化。结果表明,Na2S2O3水溶液对汞的萃取效果最好,适宜萃取条件为：浓度0.1 mol·L-1、土液比1∶6、萃取时间12 h,当土壤中汞浓度为107.86 mg/kg时,萃取率为65.32%。污染土样在适宜萃取条件下经Na2S2O3溶液萃取后,土壤中可交换态汞、酸溶态汞和硝酸溶态汞基本完全去除,土壤中汞的生物有效性显著降低;萃取后土样的浸出毒性检测符合《危险废物鉴别标准 浸出毒性鉴别》(GB 5085.3-2007)中要求的无害化堆放标准。 相似文献
10.
贵州万山汞矿尾矿堆及地表水的环境地球化学特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对贵州万山汞矿区尾渣堆(主要为炉渣组成)、地表水及河流沉淀物的汞迁移进行了研究。由于赋矿岩石为白云岩，高温煅烧的炉渣中含CaO等碱性物质，炉渣的风化作用释放出汞以及碱性水．流经尾渣堆的地表水碱性强(pH10．6-11．8)、电导率高，且具有明显不同的主要离子组成．万山汞矿矿石单一，主要为辰砂，其他矿石极少，因此炉渣及其渗滤水中除汞外的重金属含量很低．尾渣堆中的汞及碱性物质是对周围环境的主要威胁．在尾渣堆下游汞含量很快降低，约300n，范围内水中的溶解汞从300—1900，ng/L降至72ng／L，而且水的碱性也被中和．但是，由于尾渣堆中的汞及碱性物质含量高，尾渣堆的长时间风化及水流的溶解会将大量汞搬运到周围的土壤及水体并对生物产生不利影响． 相似文献
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Summary The Middle Proterozoic Faraday Metagabbro in the Bancroft area of eastern Ontario has been subjected to syn-orogenic textural and mineralogical modifications resulting in the formation of scapolite-bearing metagabbro and gabbroic blastomylonite assemblages. The elemental flux during cryptic and overt scapolitization has been calculated usingGresens general metasomatic equation which applies corrections for density and volume changes during alteration. Metasomatic variation diagrams using analyses from two primary gabbros and six altered rocks indicate that Na, K, Cl, Li, Rb, and Ba are the principal introduced elements and that Cu and S were removed. These changes are very similar to those involved in the formation of metasomatic nepheline-bearing rocks elsewhere in the district and, furthermore, nephelinization and scapolitization were broadly coincident in time and space. It is concluded that the nephelin- and scapolite-bearing rocks and their cryptic facies are different manifestations of the same metasomatic agent and that the source of the fluids was a possible horizon of evaporitic sediments within the country rocks in which the gabbro was emplaced.
With 3 Figures 相似文献
Metasomatose im Faraday-Metagabbro, Bancroft, Ontario, Kanada
Zusammenfassung Der Mittel-proterozoische Faraday-Gabbro in der Umgebung von Bancroft (Ost-Ontario) erfuhr synorogene Veränderungen in Textur und Mineralogie, die zur Bildung skapolit-haltiger Metagabbros und gabbroider Blastomylonite führten. Die während kryptischer und offener Skapolitisierung stattfindende Elementtransport wurde mit Hilfe der vonGresens entwickelten generellen metasomatischen Gleichung errechnet; Korrekturen für Varänderungen in spezifischer Dichte und Volumen wurden angebracht. Metasomatische Variationsdiagramme basierend auf Analysen an zwei primären Gabbros und sechs modifizierten Gesteinen zeigen, daß Na, K, Cl, Li, Rb und Ba die hauptsächlich zugeführten Elemente darstellen, und daß Cu-und S-Konzentrationen abgebaut wurden. Diese Veränderungen sind vergleichbar mit solchen, wie sie bei der Bildung metasomatischer, Nephelin-haltiger Gesteine erkannt wurden. Außerdem fallen Nephelinisierung und Skapolitisierung zeitlich und räumlich in etwa zusammen. Daraus kann geschlossen werden, daß Nephelin- und Skapolit-haltige Gesteine und deren kryptische Phasen durch den gleichen metasomatischen Prozeß entstanden sind, und daß die Herkunft der umwandelnden Lösungen möglicherweise in evaporitischen Sedimenten zu suchen ist, in die der Gabbro intrudierte.
With 3 Figures 相似文献
13.
新疆维吾尔自治区阿图什市木吉地区邻近帕米尔,是印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞挤压应力最集中的地区,地层变质和变形强烈,研究基础薄弱。木吉群由变质砂岩、板岩、千枚岩、石英岩、钙质石英岩、变粒岩、二云石英片岩、大理岩等组成,一直未发现任何化石。最近,笔者在木吉乡的喀拉足克沟和阿拉木陶沟的粉砂岩、钙质粉砂岩中发现了一些植物管胞片和孢粉化石:Gran-ulatisporites sp.,Cycloranisporites sp.,Verrucosisporites sp.,Pityosporites sp.,Punetatosporites sp.,Leiotriletes sp.,Apicu-latisporites sp.,Platysaccus sp.,Cycodopites sp.等。从地层接触关系和孢粉化石的整体面貌看,木吉地区含上述孢粉化石的木吉群的时代可能为泥盆纪—石炭纪。 相似文献
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Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns. 相似文献
15.
藏北羌塘丁固—加措地区康托组的时代 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
自西藏区域地质调查大队创建康托组以来,康托组岩石地层单位广泛应用于羌塘地区,普遍认为其时代为新近纪.笔者于丁固-加措地区的康托组地层中采获古近纪轮藻化石Obtusocharat sp.,O.lanpingenis,Gyrogona qinajiangica和部分孢粉化石,并在康托组底部安山岩中获K-Ar年龄65.1～66.5Ma.上述轮藻组合与同位素年龄指示的地层时代为古新世-始新世,据此将测区康托组的时代确定为古近纪.由于测区康托组之上被唢纳湖组或鱼鳞山组角度不整合覆盖,因此康托组时代的确定不仅进一步完善了测区新生代地层系统,还指示测区在康托组与唢纳湖组或鱼鳞山组之间发生了一次强烈的构造运动. 相似文献
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The Kaalamo massif is located in the Northern Ladoga region, Karelia, on the extension of the Kotalahti Belt of Ni-bearing ultramafic intrusions in Finland. The massif, 1.89 Ga in age, is differentiated from pyroxenite to diorite. Nickel–copper sulfide mineralization with platinoids is related to the pyroxenite phase. The ore consists of two mineral types: (i) pentlandite–chalcopyrite–pyrrhotite and (ii) chalcopyrite, both enriched in PGE. Pd and Pt bismuthotellurides, as well as Pd and Pt tellurobismuthides, are represented by the following mineral species: kotulskite, sobolevskite, merenskyite, michenerite, moncheite, keithconnite, telluropalladinite; Pt and Pd sulfides comprise vysotskite, cooperite, braggite, palladium pentlandite, and some other rare phases. High-palladium minerals are contained in pentlandite–chalcopyrite–pyrrhotite ore. Native gold intergrown with kotulskite commonly contains microinclusions (1–3 μm) of Pd stannides: paolovite and atokite. Ore with 20–60% copper sulfides (0.2–6.0% Cu) contains 5.1–6.6 gpt PGE and up to 0.13–2.3 gpt Au. Pd minerals, arsenides and sulfoarsenides of Pt, Rh, Ir, Os, and Ru are identified as well. These are sperrylite, ruthenium platarsite, hollingworthite, and irarsite; silvery gold and paolovite have also been noted. All these minerals have been revealed in the massif for the first time. The paper also presents data on the compositions of 25 PGE minerals (PGM) from Kaalamo ores. 相似文献
17.
西藏措勤县雄玛地区始新统林子宗群帕那组
火山岩地球化学特征及构造背景 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
西藏措勤县雄玛地区林子宗群帕那组火山岩大地构造位置位于冈底斯—念青唐古拉山板片,地层分区上属于冈底斯地层区、隆格尔—南木林地层分区。岩性主要为一套以浅灰色、灰绿色流纹质凝灰岩为主,夹浅黄绿色、灰绿色流纹岩及英安岩、火山角砾岩、杂砂岩及砾岩的岩石组合。之下与永珠组和拉嘎组呈喷发不整合接触。岩石地球化学特征表明该火山岩系属过铝质的高钾钙碱性—亚碱性系列,稀土元素地球化学中轻稀土元素明显富集,微量元素中大离子亲石元素(Rb、K、Th、U、LREE)富集,高场强元素(Nb、P、Ti)亏损。以上特征说明雄玛地区林子宗群帕那组火山岩岩浆源于陆壳重熔,属与俯冲造山有关的陆相火山岩,同时又兼具陆—陆碰撞的特点。推测帕那组火山岩形成于新特提斯洋壳俯冲基本结束,印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞开始的构造背景下,年龄大概在38Ma左右,为始新世晚期。 相似文献
18.
A. A. Ariskin Yu. A. Kostitsyn E. G. Konnikov L. V. Danyushevsky S. Meffre G. S. Nikolaev A. McNeill E. V. Kislov D. A. Orsoev 《Geochemistry International》2013,51(11):859-875
The paper reports newly obtained data on the geochronology of the Dovyren intrusive complex and associated metarhyolites of the Inyaptuk Formation in the Synnyr Range. The data were obtained by local LA-ICPMS analysis of zircons in samples. The U-Pb age of olivine-free gabbronorite from near the roof of the Yoko-Dovyren Massif is 730 ± 6 Ma (MSWD = 1.7, n = 33, three samples) is close to the estimated age of 731 ± 4 Ma (MSWD = 1.3, n = 56, five samples) of a 200-m-thick sill beneath the pluton. These data overlap the age of recrystallized hornfels found within the massif (“charnockitoid”, 723 ± 7 Ma, MSWD = 0.12, n = 10) and a dike of sulfidated gabbronorite below the bottom of the massif (725 ± 8 Ma, MSWD = 2.0, n = 15). The estimates are also consistent with the age of albite hornfels (721 ± 6 Ma, MSWD = 0.78, n = 12), which was produced in a low-temperature contact metamorphic facies of the host rocks. The average age of the Dovyren Complex is 728.4 ± 3.4 Ma (MSWD = 1.8, n = 99) based on data on the sill, near-roof gabbronorite, and “charnockitoid”) and is roughly 55 Ma older than the estimate of 673 ± 22 Ma (Sm-Nd; [13]). The U-Pb system of zircon in two quartz metaporphyre samples from the bottom portion of the Inyaptuk volcanic formation in the northeastern part of the Yoko-Dovyren Massif turns out to be disturbed. The scatter of the data points can be explained by the effect of two discrete events. The age of the first zircon population is then 729 ± 14 Ma (MSWD = 0.74, n = 8), and that of the second population is 667 ± 14 Ma (MSWD = 1.9, n = 13). The older value pertains to intrusive rocks of Dovyren, and the age of the “rejuvenated” zircon grains corresponds to the hydrothermal-metasomatic processes, which affected the whole volcano-plutonic sequence and involved the serpentinization of the hyperbasites. This is validated by the results of Rb-Sr isotopic studies with the partial acid leaching of two serpentinized peridotite samples from the Verblyud Sill. These studies date the overprinted processes at 659 ± 5 Ma (MSWD = 1.3, n = 3). 相似文献
19.
Study of the cross-stratification and other sedimentary structures in the Lower Greensand of the Weald, England, and Bas-Boulonnais, France, indicates that the sediments were deposited by the lateral migration of sand waves in a neritic sea. Comparison of the Lower Greensand sea with the modern North Sea was attempted. If those sediments were deposited as a result of tidal current similar to the present-day North Sea then the Lower Greensand shoreline could be deduced as running northwest-southeast, indication that the western part of the London Platform was submerged. 相似文献
20.
西藏阿里札达盆地上新统中犀类化石的发现及意义 总被引：9，自引：10，他引：9
首次在西藏阿里札达盆地上新世河湖相沉积地层中发现了犀类化石，对其基本特征进行了描述，初步鉴定为犀类额鼻角犀亚科第三庶骨化石，在同一层位中还采集了大量孢粉、微体古生物和植物化石。结合区域地质特征和产出犀类化石地层的沉积学特征等的分析，认为札达盆地上新世时代表着温暖湿润向寒冷潮湿-温和干旱的气候变化过程。这一发现有助于进一步认识青藏高原新近纪上新世的生物演化、气候变化和构造活动，为研究青藏高原新近纪以来的生物进化、湖泊与河流演化、气候变化．古地理与古环境变迁，以及新生代地层的划分对比等提供了新资料。 相似文献