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枣庄市城市控制测量项目采用现代大地测量的方法,利用D级GPS控制网作为测区首级控制网和精密水准点,选用20个点构成骨架网,按照GPS网的可靠性指标、精度指标、效率指标,进行优化设计;利用Trimble DIN112电子水准仪进行GPS四等水准联测,通过一定数量和分布均匀的GPS／水准点进行高程拟合。该项目了取得的成果精度,完全符合1：500大比例尺测图的要求。 相似文献
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当使用传统的观测模式观测GPS控制点较难达到预期的精度要求时,可以利用参考站高精度的坐标作为静态GPS网的起算点进行控制网布设。以山东省临沂市D、E级GPS控制网建立工程为例,介绍了使用基于SDCORS点观测模式布设GPS平面控制网的方法,并对控制网的精度进行了分析。得出基于SDCORS的点观测模式在D、E级GPS控制网的布设中应用是完全可行的结论。 相似文献
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本论文以沙曲矿的实际需要为出发点,以矿区控制网的布设为主要内容,阐述了全球定位技术在矿山控制测量领域的应用现状及发展前景。结合了沙曲煤矿实际的地形、地貌等客观因素及工程精度的要求,平面控制网采用四级短边、边连接形式的GPS网,GPS不但有精度高、速度快而且同时不受观测条件的限制等优点,因此在矿山测量中得到了广泛的应用。由于GPS网测量的高程为大地高,理论应对测量结果进行高程拟合即大地水准面精化才能得到水准高,而该论文GPS网点的高程直接由水准测量测定,不进行高程拟合,也不使用大地水准面模型求定,高程控制网采用四等水准网,对控制网在外业施测时的注意事项都一一进行了说明,GPS以它的实用性及优越性给矿山测量的发展提供了崭新的手段。 相似文献
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矿区GPS高程拟合精度和可靠性研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
根据矿区控制测量的特点，在矿区水准网基础上，用水准测量的方法联测数量足够、分布均匀的GPS点，然后用GPS高程拟合的方法确定其余大量GPS点的高程，建立矿区GPS高程控制网。结合实例论述了该拟合方法建立矿区GPS高程控制网的精度和可靠性，并分析了它的应用价值。 相似文献
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白浩铁路一期工程线路自桑锡线的白音库伦车站引出,直至门迪诺尔,全线长约52.253km。根据野外施工条件采用GPS定位技术进行E级网平面控制测量,高程控制采用几何水准方法,在施测时加测一个临时点以增加图形强度。测量施工采用4台S82-2008双频GPS接收机按静态观测方法进行同步观测,观测时间控制在45min~60min。根据GPS网平差后坐标和点位精度分析,该项勘测工程控制网设计与施工措施合理,测量结果满足规范所规定的各项限差要求。白浩铁路一期工程GPS施测控制网的布设方法为GPS在沙漠地区特殊条件下的应用提供了一成功例证。 相似文献
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以吉林大学兴城物探教学实习测网为例,基于EGM2008重力场模型,采用二次曲面、移动曲线、最小二乘配置、三次样条和反距离加权改正插值法,计算了不同GPS水准点密度情况下的水准面模型,并利用二等水准测量方法验证了计算精度,分析了该模型的适定性。结果表明,三次样条插值法的精度和稳定性最高,其次是移动曲线法和最小二乘配置法;二次曲面拟合的精度最低,反距离加权改正法稳定性最差。所有算法都表明,在研究区,当GPS水准点间隔20 km时,基于EGM2008模型确定的大地水准面精度在0.1 m以内;而采用单独GPS水准点的区域大地水准面模型能达到14cm,完全满足各种比例尺情况下的石油物探测量要求。 相似文献
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GPS技术在煤矿区域测量控制网中的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
介绍了GPS技术在煤矿区域测量控制网中的典型应用，就煤矿井田区域控制网的网型结构、高级控制点联测、野外观测时间、控制网精度分析等方面进行了阐述，并结合多年来本单位建立煤矿GPS控制网的生产实践，介绍了几点经验体会。 相似文献
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CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。 相似文献
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Julie Okpala 《GeoJournal》1990,20(1):37-43
This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics,
students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional
nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students.
The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status
in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs. 相似文献
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Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
David N. Petley Gareth J. Hearn Andrew Hart Nicholas J. Rosser Stuart A. Dunning Katie Oven Wishart A. Mitchell 《Natural Hazards》2007,43(1):23-44
Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates.
In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers
of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing
with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the
increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005.
The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that
the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide
fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the
relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of
precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased
dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the
effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward
trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and
natural systems. 相似文献
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2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。 相似文献
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硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。 相似文献
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Takeshi Nose Dr. 《GeoJournal》1985,10(3):261-276
Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry. 相似文献
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Radon is a radioactive gas emanating naturally from uranium rich granites and shales. It may be emitted from the ground surface into the atmosphere as a gas, or it may be dissolved into stream water and transported over distance. The levels of radon gas in soils at ground surface depend on a number of factors relating to the source of the gas and to its transmission. Igneous rocks contain the highest mean concentrations of radium and uranium. The depth of cover is relevant also. Surveys over the years by the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) and others have indicated that the highest concentrations in the United Kingdom occur in Cornwall, Devon and northeast Scotland. However, recent reports have indicated that high concentrations of the gas may be detected in small pockets in counties outside of those considered at high risk. This survey relates to a series of measurements taken in and around Darlington, County Durham. The results showed the presence of small areas with strong concentrations of radon in soil gas, but only minor levels of dissolved gas in stream waters. 相似文献
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内蒙古苏尼特地下水氟污染形成机理研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为了研究内蒙古苏尼特地区地下水氟污染机理,本文运用水文地球化学分类方法,从水文地质、水化学特征两方面研究其地下水的水质特征、氟的起源、分布规律及污染形成机理。研究结果发现:高氟地下水的主要水质类型为HCO3—Na型,pH值在7.08～9.38之间,氟浓度与井深有关,即井越浅,氟浓度越高;地下水中氟浓度最高达14.78mg/L,5～9月地下水氟浓度相对增长率在7.8～23.1之间;F-浓度与Li+、Br-相关系数达0.89和0.82,受断层影响的深层地下水中F-浓度几乎与Li+、Br-没有相关关系,这暗示着氟来源于浅部,并受到强烈的蒸发作用影响而使水中的氟浓缩;地质调查发现该地区还有数个萤石矿存在,显微镜分析结果证实表层土壤中普遍存在CaF2,地下水中的氟来自CaF2。高氟地下水存在于潜水层,深部含水层的地下水可供开采。从断层带涌出的水对潜水层有稀释作用。 相似文献