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东海赤潮高发区营养盐时空分布特征及其控制要素 总被引：17，自引：4，他引：13
东海长江口、舟山渔场附近海域是我国近海赤潮爆发严重的区域之一。在影响该海域营养盐分布的水团中 ,长江冲淡水向表层输入了大量的氮、磷、硅营养盐 ,台湾暖流主要对底层和长江口外上升流区有贡献 ,苏北沿岸水、闽浙沿岸水主要影响近岸区域。同时 ,营养盐在海水 -沉积物界面的交换作用 ,大气湿沉降作用等也影响着该海域营养盐的时空分布。结合2002年4月～2003年3月对29°00′～32°00′N、122°00′～124°00′E海域四季航次调查的营养盐分布规律 ,该海域可分为三片区域 ,由岸边向外海分别为高营养盐、低浮游植物区 ,较高营养盐、高浮游植物区和较低营养盐、低浮游植物区。随着近年来营养盐输入通量的增加 ,富营养化程度加大 ,受化学、物理、生物等因素综合作用 ,高浮游植物区赤潮爆发频率和规模逐年增加 ,已为中国近海典型的赤潮高发区 相似文献
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根据１９８８年夏季台湾海峡海域的调查资料讨论福建北部沿岸和台湾北面海域水化学的区域性特征。结果表明，福建沿岸上升流是西部海域诸化学要素分布的控制因素。台湾北面海域（２５°５０′－２６°４０′Ｎ，１２１°４５′－１２２°３０′Ｅ）水体下层出现局部冷水抬升，福建沿岸和台湾北面海域都具有低溶解氧且不饱和、高营养盐、低温、高盐的特征，溶解氧、诸营养盐与温度、盐度分别有良好的相关关系。 相似文献
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根据１９８８年夏季台湾海峡海域的调查资料讨论福建北部沿岸和台湾北面海域水化学的区域性特征。结果表明，福建沿岸上升流是西部海域诸化学要素分布的控制因素，台湾北面海域（２５′５０′－２６°４０′Ｎ，１２１°４５′－１２２°３０′Ｅ）水体下层出现局部冷水抬升，福建沿岸和台湾北面海域都具有低溶解氧且不饱和，高营养盐、低温，高盐的特征、溶解氧，诸营养盐与温度、盐度分别有良好的相关关系。 相似文献
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台湾海峡中、北部海域温、盐度特征 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
台湾海峡中、北部海域海水温、盐度分布随季风进退而异。东北季风期(10月—翌年5月),进入调查海域的浙闽沿岸水(低温、低盐)顺海域西岸海区南下的同时,在海坛岛外有一分支向东南扩展,其扩展范围随浙闽沿岸水强弱而异,而且在24°30′N,119°30′E附近有海峡暖流水(高温、高盐)向北伸展,它随西南风增强而向北推移。海域温、盐度值自西北向东南递增。西南季风期(6—9月),调查海域基本上为海峡暖流水所控制。在6—8月,海域西岸海区有上升流产生,上升流中心在海坛岛附近。海域盐度值自西北向东南递增,而温度分布趋势与盐度分布相反。 温、盐度的垂直分布大致分均匀型、正梯度型和负梯度型三类。 相似文献
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2002年春、夏季东海赤潮高发区营养盐结构及分布特征的比较 总被引：22，自引：7，他引：15
20 0 2年 8月 2 6日— 9月 4日在东海赤潮高发区 ( 2 9°0 0′— 32°0 0′N、1 2 2°0 0′— 1 2 3°30′E)进行了夏季航次的调查 ,利用春、夏季东海赤潮高发区的调查数据 ,系统分析比较了其营养盐结构和分布特征 ,并初步探讨了夏季爆发的中肋骨条藻赤潮与营养盐的关系。与 2 0 0 2年春季相比 ,2 0 0 2年夏季调查海区中SiO3 Si、PO4 P、NH4 N、DON和PN平均浓度比春季有所增加 ,而NO3 N、NO2 N、DOP和PP浓度则有所减小。夏季各种形态磷营养盐主要由PO4 P和PP组成 ,其中PO4 P比春季明显增加 ,PP略有减少 ,DOP显著减少 ;各种氮形态营养盐主要由DIN和DON组成 ,与春季相比DON比例略有增加 ,DIN略有减少。DIN仍以NO3 N为主并有所增加 ,而NH4 N比例基本不变 ,NO2 N有所减少。主要溶解无机态营养盐 ,如SiO3 Si、PO4 P和NO3 N ,以及PP的平面分布整体上呈沿岸海域浓度高、外海浓度低的趋势 ,等值线与海岸线平行的趋势已减弱 ,甚至消失。NO2 N和NH4 N具有明显的水团分布特征 ,与春季有所不同 ;DON和PN与春季具有相同的斑点状分布趋势。另外 ,本航次调查中在 1 1站发现中肋骨条藻赤潮 ,该站表层SiO3 Si浓度较高 ,PO4 P很低 ,其余溶解态氮营养盐及PP与调查海区表层平均浓度接近 ,PN较高。营养盐结构中 1 1站表层 相似文献
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黄河口附近海域营养盐特征及富营养化程度评价 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
根据 2005 年 5 月、8 月 2 个航次对黄河口附近海域 33 个站点(38 °02′00 ″ ～ 37 °20′00 ″N, 119 °03′24 ″ ～ 119 °31′00 ″E)的海水化学调查资料,研究了该海域的活性硅酸盐(SiO3-Si)、活性磷酸盐(PO4-P)和无机氮(DIN)等营养要素的特征及富营养化水平.结果表明,营养盐的高浓度区域分布在黄河口南部海域,8 月 SiO3-Si 和 PO4-P 的浓度高于5月,而 DIN 的浓度则相反.表层海水 SiO3-Si 和 DIN 的浓度与表层海水盐度都呈显著负相关性(P<0.01),DIN 与 COD 呈显著正相关性(P<0.01).黄河口附近海域DIN:P值5月为136,8月为 54.3,为磷限制性营养状态.黄河口附近海域富营养化指数(EI)的平均值大于1,黄河口南部海域富营养化现象严重,COD 和 DIN 是造成海域富营养化的主要因子. 相似文献
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2013年夏季渤海环境因子与叶绿素a的空间分布特征及相关性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对2013 年7 月渤海海域26 个站点温度、盐度、营养盐及叶绿素a（Chla） 浓度的空间分布特征及其相关性进行了分析,发现：受渤海水深和夏季陆源河流输入影响,近岸水域表现出明显的高温、低盐与高营养盐特征,且垂直变化特征不显著;在水深较深的辽东湾湾口和渤海海峡,海水呈现明显的层化现象,表层水温高于中底层,而表层盐度与营养盐浓度则低于中底层。营养盐结构分析表明,渤海夏季磷酸盐浓度存在显著的绝对与相对限制,而受河流输入影响,硅酸盐的相对限制得到显著缓解。表层Chl a浓度的高值区位于滦河及复州河河口附近海区,中层与底层的高值区则出现在滦河与黄河口附近。Chla浓度与环境因子的相关性分析表明,盐度、磷酸盐与硅酸盐的浓度、氮磷比、氮硅比是影响Chl a浓度空间分布的重要因素,且温度还影响到Chl a浓度的垂直分布。 相似文献
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本文利用1975—1981年东海断面调查资料,分析了东海西北部海域(北纬28°—33°,东经125°以西)盐度锋的分布特征及其变化,指出了该区盐度锋终年存在,且有明显的季节变化和年际变化,影响盐度锋分布和变化的主要因子是台湾暖流的强弱、径流量的多寡以及浙江沿岸上升流的盛衰,盐度锋的位置与邻近海域渔场的关系密切,中心渔场一般位于盐度锋的外海侧。 相似文献
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2006—2007年夏、冬季浙东海域叶绿素a分布特征及其环境影响因子 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为更清楚了解浙东海域浮游植物的初级生产力情况,于2006年8月(夏季)和2007年1月(冬季)在浙东海域28°00′～30°00′N、122°00′～127°30′E设置了3条调查断面,共布设25个观测站位,现场采用荧光连续法对叶绿素a进行测定,初步研究了该海域叶绿素a的空间分布特征,并探讨了水体温度、营养盐和浊度对叶绿素a分布的影响。结果表明:夏季,叶绿素a分布趋势为近岸(平均质量浓度为2.01μg/L)>外海(平均质量浓度为0.52μg/L),其主要垂直分布类型为递增型、递减型和单峰型;冬季,叶绿素a分布趋势为外海(平均质量浓度为0.50μg/L)>近岸(平均质量浓度为0.33μg/L),主要垂直分布类型为递增型、均匀型、单峰型和双峰型。夏季调查海域浮游植物叶绿素a平均质量浓度为0.93μg/L,明显高于冬季(0.46μg/L)。温度、营养盐和浊度是影响研究区夏、冬季叶绿素a分布的主要环境因子。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献