共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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D. M. Hodgson 《第四纪科学杂志》1986,1(2):109-118
A study of certain small-scale fluted moraines, all less than 4m high but up to 400m long, in the Torridon area has shown that they are subglacial features composed of a clast-rich till, and formed in the Loch Lomond Stadial beneath ice with a maximum depth of 100-200m. The evidence from lithological analysis of till samples from the fluted moraines suggests that they were formed by subglacial deformation of a pre-existing till with little in the way of net down-glacier movement of the material. 相似文献
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札达盆地及周缘高山区的第四纪冰川堆积在空间分布上大致可分为:①盆地周缘高山区U形谷中及山麓地带的冰川堆积;②盆地周边深切峡谷区的冰川堆积;③盆地面上的冰川堆积;④盆地河谷高阶地与沟谷中的冰川堆积;⑤盆地周缘高山区山前地带的冰川堆积等。不同区域分布的冰川堆积,在砾石成分、磨圆度、结构构造、地貌特征等都有较明显区别。依据冰川堆积物的特征、分布等,可将本区第四纪的冰川发展,由老到新划分为:冰缘阶段→冰进阶段→最大冰川阶段→冰退阶段。对应的冰川类型为:山谷、山麓及冰帽冰川发育阶段→大规模冰帽冰川发育阶段→冰帽、山谷及山麓冰川发育阶段。现有资料研究表明,札达盆地及周缘高山区,是青藏高原第四纪冰川堆积发现最多、最全、分布最连续和保存最好的地区。为该区及青藏高原地区的第四纪冰川研究、冰期的划分和对比、气候地层的建立、古气候和古环境的研究等提供了珍贵的基础资料。 相似文献
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Late Palaeozoic glaciated rock surfaces and associated sediments occur along the northeastern coast of Kangaroo Island. The erosional forms include glacially polished rock surfaces, striae, grooves, chatter marks, friction cracks, crescentic gouges, p‐forms, sichelwannen, miniature rock crag‐and‐tails and roches moutonnées. The distribution and orientation of these along with till fabrics indicate a general northwesterly ice flow in this part of the Troubridge Basin. The glacial erosional forms and the presence of thick lodgement till imply that the local basal ice was at pressure‐melting point during their formation. Temperate to subpolar glacial ice conditions, similar to those currently prevailing in glaciers in Spitsbergen, are inferred. 相似文献
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Jakob Heyman Arjen P. Stroeven Helena Alexanderson Clas Hättestrand Jon Harbor Yingkui Li Marc W. Caffee Liping Zhou Daniel Veres Feng Liu Martin Machiedo 《第四纪科学杂志》2009,24(7):710-727
Key locations within an extensive area of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, centred on Bayan Har Shan, have been mapped to distinguish glacial from non‐glacial deposits. Prior work suggests palaeo‐glaciers ranging from valley glaciers and local ice caps in the highest mountains to a regional or even plateau‐scale ice sheet. New field data show that glacial deposits are abundant in high mountain areas in association with large‐scale glacial landforms. In addition, glacial deposits are present in several locations outside areas with distinct glacial erosional landforms, indicating that the most extensive palaeo‐glaciers had little geomorphological impact on the landscape towards their margins. The glacial geological record does indicate extensive maximum glaciation, with local ice caps covering entire elevated mountain areas. However, absence of glacial traces in intervening lower‐lying plateau areas suggests that local ice caps did not merge to form a regional ice sheet on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau around Bayan Har Shan. No evidence exists for past ice sheet glaciation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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西藏喜马拉雅山脉中段冰湖变化与溃决特征分析
——以桑旺错和什磨错为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
年楚河流域是西藏自治区农业相对发达的地区,流域内冰川发育较好,冰川融水是地表径流重要的组成部分,冰湖溃决洪水灾害也威胁着下游村镇和城市。本文利用遥感技术对流域内桑旺错和什磨错两个冰湖特征进行分析,结合实地野外调查,对冰湖变化和溃决特征展开讨论。结果表明：1987-2018年,桑旺错和什磨错都呈扩张趋势,面积分别增加了0.31 km2（5.56%）和0.954 km2（96.9%）,变化率分别为0.054 km2·（10a）-1和0.311 km2·（10a）-1。桑旺错和什磨错侧碛垄、终碛垄为松散堆积物,结构松散、稳定性差。桑旺错出水口开阔,出水流畅。什磨错没有出水口,在最内侧终碛垄外有渗流。桑旺错和什磨错后缘冰川冰舌相接,冰舌陡峭,冰舌崩塌可能性较大,同时两湖侧碛垄稳定性较低,也存在崩塌的风险。桑旺错溃决风险较小,什磨错溃决风险较大。 相似文献
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希夏邦马峰东坡冰川与冰川湖泊变化遥感监测 总被引：21，自引：9，他引：12
1977-2003年的遥感影像显示,希夏邦马峰东坡的冰川在迅速退缩,而其相应的冰川湖泊在迅速增大.南部的吉葱普冰川每年的退缩速度57099 m2,冰舌退缩48 m·a-1,相应的卢姆池米冰湖面积增加速度大约为79048 m2·a-1;北面的热强冰川退缩速度在63224 m2·a-1,冰舌退缩71 m·a-1,相应的扛西错冰湖面积增加约73 425 m2·a-1.从这两个冰湖的类型和变化分析,认为其具有发生冰川湖泊溃决洪水的潜在危险. 相似文献
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基于遥感和GIS的喜马拉雅山科西河流域冰湖变化特征分析 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
受全球气候变暖的影响, 冰川退缩, 冰湖数量增多和面积增大被认为指示气候变化的重要依据, 冰湖面积增大导致其潜在危险性增大. 因此, 研究冰湖的变化对于气候变化和冰湖灾害研究具有重要意义. 基于Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像采用人工解译的方法, 获取了喜马拉雅山地区科西河流域1990年前后、2000年和2010年的冰湖数据, 并对冰湖面积>0.1 km2且一直存在的199个冰湖的面积和长度变化进行对比分析. 结果表明: 科西河流域内面积>0.1 km2的冰湖的面积呈现增加趋势, 1990年冰湖面积为73.59 km2, 2010年冰湖面积增加至86.12 km2. 科西河流域内喜马拉雅山南北坡冰湖变化存在差异, 喜马拉雅山北坡变化较大的冰湖主要分布在海拔4 800~5 600 m之间, 而南坡变化较大的冰湖主要分布在海拔4 300~5 200 m之间; 喜马拉雅山北坡的冰湖有65%的冰湖表现扩张, 且扩张冰湖的面积主要是由冰湖在靠近终碛垅的一端基本不发生变化, 而仅在靠近冰川一端发生变化贡献的; 喜马拉雅山南坡的冰湖有32%的冰湖变化表现扩张, 且扩张的冰湖面积主要来自于冰面湖扩张. 在科西河流域内, 位于喜马拉雅山北坡的冰湖平均变化速度略高于南坡的冰湖平均变化速度. 相似文献
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他念他翁山中段地处青藏高原东南部和云贵高原过渡地带,海拔4 200 m以上保存着确切的第四纪冰川遗迹.对其进行深入研究,不仅可以重建横断山脉冰川作用的演化历史,还能够为青藏高原的隆升机制提供重要依据.采用野外地貌调查与电子自旋共振测年（ESR）相结合的方法,查明他念他翁山第四纪冰川发育的地貌特点,并初步对研究区的冰期系列进行划分.结果显示,他念他翁山中段古冰川类型主要为山麓冰川、山谷冰川和冰斗冰川.晚第四纪以来至少经历了4次冰川作用,分别为倒数第二次冰期（MIS 6）,年代为（192±51）~（207±45）ka;末次冰期中期（MIS 3）,年代为（55±8）~（54±9）ka;末次冰盛期（MIS 2）,年代为（25±1）~（38±6）ka,以及全新世新冰期/小冰期（MIS 1）. 相似文献
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Michael J. Hambrey Jeremy R. Davies Neil F. Glasser Richard A. Waters Julian A. Dowdeswell Philip R. Wilby David Wilson James L. Etienne 《第四纪科学杂志》2001,16(5):455-482
The depositional processes associated with late Devensian ice in areas bordering the Irish Sea basin have been the subject of considerable debate. Among the key areas around the Irish Sea, southwest Wales occupies a particularly crucial position because it is here that ice flowing from the north impinged upon the coast orthogonally and encroached inland. Two main hypotheses have emerged concerning deglaciation of the Irish Sea basin. The traditional hypothesis holds that sedimentation was ice‐marginal or subglacial, whereas an alternative hypothesis that emerged in the 1980s argued that sedimentation was glaciomarine. Southwest Wales is well‐placed to contribute to this debate. However, few detailed sedimentological studies, linked to topography, have been made previously in order to reconstruct glacial environments in this area. In this paper, evidence is presented from four boreholes drilled recently in the Cardigan area, combined with data from coastal and inland exposures in the lower Teifi valley and adjacent areas. A complex history of glaciation has emerged: (i) subglacial drainage channel formation in pre‐Devensian time, (ii) deposition of iron‐cemented breccias and conglomerates possibly during the last interglacial (or in the early/mid‐Devensian interstadial), (iii) late Devensian ice advance across the region, during which a glaciolacustrine sequence over 75 m thick accumulated, within a glacial lake known as Llyn Teifi, (iv) a second high‐level glaciolacustrine succession formed near Llandudoch, (v) outside the Teifi valley, ice‐marginal, subglacial and glaciofluvial sediments were also laid down, providing a near‐continuous cover of drift throughout the area. Glacial advance was characterized by reworking, deformation and sometimes erosion of the underlying sediments. The glaciomarine hypothesis is thus rejected for southwest Wales. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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末次冰期,长白山天池周围有冰斗发育,高2200m左右,东北的广大地区为冰缘环境。许多冰缘形态至今控制着地貌景观。冰后期,长白山的冰川地貌受到冰缘环境的控制,广大地区的冰缘地貌则受到温暖环境的改造。作为气候地貌界限的冰雪线,由末次冰期的44—45°N移至今日的51°N附近。末次冰期以来,气候地貌带表现出沿经度和纬度平行移动的特点 相似文献
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末次冰期以来,气候变暖导致全球高山地区的冰川环境变化剧烈,冰碛湖稳定性降低导致溃决频率增加,成为中国、尼泊尔、俄罗斯、秘鲁等10多个国家和地区频繁发生的冰川灾害类型之一。冰碛湖溃决诱发形成的洪水和泥石流,由于规模巨大、成灾速度快和波及范围广等特点,造成下游地区的基础设施和生命财产遭受惨重损失。本文通过对国内外冰碛湖溃决事件、溃决诱因、溃决模式和溃决洪水特征4个方面研究现状和发展现状的梳理和分析,总结经验和思路,从而为冰碛湖溃决研究和评价提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献
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白马雪山(5429m)地处横断山脉腹地,海拔3800m以上保存着确切的第四纪冰川遗迹,对其进行深入研究,可以为重建西南季风影响区的环境演变历史以及区域冰期-间冰期系列对比提供依据.本文采用野外地貌调查与电子自旋共振测年(ESR)相结合的方法,查明白马雪山第四纪冰川发育的地貌特点,并对研究区的冰期系列进行划分.结果显示,白马雪山晚第四纪以来至少发生5次冰川作用,分别为中梁赣冰期(475±62ka,MIS 12);倒数第二次冰期(MIS 6),年代分别为166±22ka、142±17ka、209±23ka、153±15ka、120±16ka和180±20ka;末次冰期早期(MIS 4),年代分别为57±6.8ka、67±8.7ka、81±11ka、77±11ka和64±7.7ka;末次盛冰期(19±2.5ka,LGM,MIS 2)以及全新世新冰期/小冰期(MIS 1).研究区的冰川作用与青藏高原的脉动式抬升具有一定的对应关系. 相似文献
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Nina Kirchner Riko Noormets Jakob Kuttenkeuler Elias Strandell Erstorp Erik Schytt Holmlund Gunhild Rosqvist Per Holmlund Marika Wennbom Torbjrn Karlin 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(6):452-462
In Arctic alpine regions, glacio‐lacustrine environments respond sensitively to variations in climate conditions, impacting, for example,glacier extent and rendering former ice‐contact lakes into ice distal lakes and vice versa. Lakefloors may hold morphological records of past glacier extent, but remoteness and long periods of ice cover on such lakes make acquisition of high‐resolution bathymetric datasets challenging. Lake Tarfala and Kebnepakte Glacier, located in the Kebnekaise mountains, northern Sweden, comprise a small, dynamic glacio‐lacustrine system holding a climate archive that is not well studied. Using an autonomous surface vessel, a high‐resolution bathymetric dataset for Lake Tarfala was acquired in 2016, from which previously undiscovered end moraines and a potential grounding line feature were identified. For Kebnepakte Glacier, structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry was used to reconstruct its shape from photographs taken in 1910 and 1945. Combining these methods connects the glacial landform record identified at the lakefloor with the centennial‐scale dynamic behaviour of Kebnepakte Glacier. During its maximum 20th century extent, attained c. 1910, Kebnepakte Glacier reached far into Lake Tarfala, but had retreated onto land by 1945, at an average of 7.9 m year–1. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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迭山西北部位于青藏高原的东缘, 属西秦岭山脉的西段. 在海拔3 700 m以上保存有类型较为齐全的冰蚀地形(冰斗、刃脊、U形谷、悬谷、粒雪盆、鲸背岩与基岩磨光面等)与冰碛地形(侧碛垄与终碛垄). 采用野外考察、遥感影像解译与填图等方法对该区的冰川地貌分布及其特征进行了探讨. 基于研究区冰川地形分布与特征, 结合青藏高原现代的抬升速率、邻近山地冰川地形的年代学资料以及其他古环境研究成果进行综合分析得出: 该区的古冰川发育于末次冰期, 末次冰期最盛期是其最主要的形成期. 冰川最盛时面积约38 km2, 为具有暖底性质的冰帽冰川. 相似文献
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沙鲁里山是研究第四纪冰川的最佳场所之一。可划分四个冰期,第一冰期为大陆冰盖,第二、三期及现代冰川为山岳冰川;整体反映第四纪地壳不断抬升,气候不断变暖,冰川不断向高山退缩的过程。 相似文献
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冰川发育对赤道地区碳酸盐沉积环境和沉积作用的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
冰期中的全球性冰川事件不仅对全球性海平面变化，而且对低纬陆棚碳酸盐环境的沉积作用也有重要影响。与温暖时期相比，位于低纬度的华南地区在晚霞旦世冰期，晚奥陶－早志留世冰期，石炭－二叠纪冰期中记录了相对低的沉积速度和低的环境分异（反映在相的侧向变化很小）。敏一段冰期深山可以补与最大冰进所对应的海退面分为两部分。早期的沉积环境以弱咸化和富氧为特征。该环境形成浅色，相对富颗粒的灰岩沉积。随着塞冷气候的侵入， 相似文献