共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
将1株产油淡水微藻——微拟球藻(Nannochloropsis sp.MASCC 11)分别接种到青岛市2家市政污水处理厂(STP)的尾水中,根据其生长、油脂产率和营养盐去除情况,评价了利用STP尾水培养微藻以生产富油的藻生物质同时深度净化尾水的可行性。结果表明,团岛污水处理厂(TD-STP)和李村河污水处理厂(LC-STP)尾水中无机氮和磷酸盐的浓度虽然远低于BG11培养基,但仍能支持微藻生长,而且以未经稀释的尾水更具优势,培养8 d后,藻生物量分别达到BG11培养基中生长微藻的65.23%和44.77%。STP尾水经稀释后处于营养盐缺乏状态,有利于藻细胞内脂质积累,但是油脂产率最大值(10.5 mg·L-1·d-1)仍出现在未经稀释的TD-STP尾水中,为未稀释LC-STP尾水的1.37倍。LC-STP尾水中微藻的油脂产率较低,可能与该处理厂接纳工业废水而在尾水中残留较多有害物质有关。在微藻的直接和间接作用下,TD-STP和LC-STP尾水中磷酸盐的去除率分别达到94.5%和100%;无机氮的去除率较低(分别为59.2%和45.4%),与尾水中初始N/P较高有关。上述结果表明,与接纳工业废水的污水厂相比,处理生活污水的污水厂所排尾水较适于培养产油微藻,能够实现产油微藻低耗培养与尾水深度净化相耦合。 相似文献
2.
采用静水试验法,以四种典型抗生素(四环素、土霉素、磺胺甲恶唑和诺氟沙星)对刺参幼参分别进行了单一的急性毒性试验。结果表明:四环素对刺参幼参的24h、48h、72h、96h的LC50分别为675.96、574.12、407.79、319.32mg/L;土霉素对刺参幼参的24h、48h、72h、96h的LC50分别为390.81、311.97、262.88、224.88mg/L;磺胺甲恶唑对刺参幼参的24h、48h、72h、96h的LC50分别为569.64、478.10、399.00、296.89mg/L;诺氟沙星对刺参幼参的24h、48h、72h、96h的LC50分别为164.88、63.26、45.19、37.65mg/L。另外,四种抗生素对刺参幼参的安全浓度(SC)分别为31.20mg/L(四环素)、22.49mg/L(土霉素)、29.69mg/L(磺胺甲恶唑)和3.77mg/L(诺氟沙星),按照水生生物毒性分级,诺氟沙星对刺参幼参为中毒物质,其他三种抗生素药物对幼参为低毒物质。 相似文献
3.
本文研究碳氮(C/N)比变化对移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)处理海水养殖废水性能的影响。结果表明,当C/N比从7∶1降至3∶1,出水COD浓度无明显变化,平均去除率保持在90%以上。C/N比的变化对脱氮过程有较大影响,当C/N比从7∶1降低至3∶1,NH+4-N去除率由89.51%±1.24%增至92.70%±1.08%,NO-2-N浓度由(4.84±0.50)mg/L降至0 mg/L,NO-3-N浓度由(0.47±0.29)mg/L升至(8.12±0.25)mg/L。C/N比的降低提高了比氨氧化速率、比亚硝酸盐氧化速率和与硝化相关的微生物酶活性,但降低了比耗氧速率、比硝酸盐还原速率、比亚硝酸盐还原速率、脱氢酶活性和与反硝化相关的微生物酶活性。松散型胞外聚合物和紧密型胞外聚合物的多糖含量随C/N比的降低而降低,说明在低COD条件下,多糖能够被微生物利用。微生物群落的丰富度和多样性随C/N比的降低而降低,硝化菌属(Nitrosomonas和Nitrospira)和反硝化菌属(Azoarcus、Comamonas、Hyphomicrobium、Paracoccus、Thauera、Devosia、Pseudomonas和Rhodanobacter)的相对丰度发生改变,从而影响MBBR脱氮性能。 相似文献
4.
5.
《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,62(1-2):131-140
Pollution of the aquatic environment occurs from many different sources including from oil refineries. Oil refinery effluents contain many different chemicals at different concentrations including ammonia, sulphides, phenol and hydrocarbons. The exact composition cannot however be generalised as it depends on the refinery and which units are in operation at any specific time. It is therefore difficult to predict what effects the effluent may have on the environment. Toxicity tests have shown that most refinery effluents are toxic but to varying extents. Some species are more sensitive and the toxicity may vary throughout the life cycle. Sublethal tests have found that not only can the effluents be lethal but also they can often have sublethal effects on growth and reproduction. Field studies have shown that oil refinery effluents often have an impact on the fauna, which is usually restricted to the area close to the outfall. The extent of the effect is dependent on the effluent composition, the outfall's position and the state of the recipient environment. It is possible to detect two effects that oil refinery effluent has on the environment. Firstly it has a toxic effect close to the outfall, which is seen by the absence of all or most species. Secondly there is an enrichment effect which can be distinguished as a peak in the abundance or biomass. These effects are not limited to just oil refinery effluents, which makes it difficult to distinguish the effects an oil refinery effluent has from other pollution sources. The discharge from oil refineries has reduced in quantity and toxicity over recent decades, allowing many impacted environments in estuaries and coasts to make a substantial recovery. 相似文献
6.
原油水溶性成分对斜带髭鲷受精卵及仔鱼的急性毒性效应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以2008年8月的北部湾涠洲岛附近发生特大溢油事故为背景,研究涠洲岛原油水溶性成分对斜带髭鲷（Hapalogenys nitens）受精卵孵化及仔鱼的急性毒性效应.受精卵24 h孵化试验中,原油水溶性成分对斜带髭鲷受精卵孵化抑制的半效应浓度EC50（95%置信限）为2.02（1.25～3.25）mg/dm^3,且抑制效应随着浓度的升高而增强;同时,原油水溶性成分对刚孵出的仔鱼具有明显的致畸或致死效应.仔鱼的48 h急性毒性试验中,仔鱼12、24和48 h的半致死浓度LC50（95%置信限）分别为0.91（0.65～1.29）、0.16（0.06～0.50）、0.14（0.05～0.43）mg/dm^3.可见原油水溶性成分对斜带髭鲷受精卵孵化及刚孵出幼体具有明显的急性毒性效应. 相似文献
7.
对虾工厂化育苗在我国沿海已经普及,对虾人工养殖也在沿海地区蓬勃发展,到1992年养殖面积已达200多万亩,人工育苗场全国约有上千个。养殖对虾已成为我国水产业中规模最大、经济效益最高的水产品。但近几年来沿海地区的工业飞速发展,沿岸海水均受到了不同程度的污染,各对虾育苗场卵孵化率普遍下降。今年我国养殖对虾又出现了大面积暴发性死亡,原因是复杂的,但作者认为,治虾病之本应是治水质。众所周知,一切生物的幼体阶段都是最敏感的时期,海水中的金属离子对对虾幼体生长的影响已有报道(吴彰宽等,1988; Lawrence et al.,1981),但其实验环境、方法及条件各有不同。作者于1992年5月至1993年4月在海阳育苗场作了现场实验,本文根据实验结果分析和研究了Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu金属离子对中国对虾受精卵及无节幼体生物毒性的影响;不同pH值海水加入不同浓度的混合金属离子,对无节幼体生长的毒性影响;不同盐度的海水加入不同浓度的混合金属离子对无节幼体生长毒性的影响。 相似文献
8.
Studies have been carried out on the effect of lanthanum-amino acid complexes on embryo development and nauplius growth ofPenaeus chinensis. The experimental results indicate that: (1)The optimum concentrations of lanthanum-proline and Lanthanumphenylalanine for the development of eggs in monocell and dicell stages are 1.50～ 4.00mg/L and 0.50～3.00 mg/L, respectively, the egg hatching rates being raised by 21.0 ～ 46.0% and 23.0 ～42.8% ( P ＜ 0.05 ) respectively. (2)The optimum concentrations of lanthanum- proline complex and Lanthanum-phenylalanine complex for the growth ofnauplii are 1.50～4.00 mg/L and 0.50～3.00 mg/L, the metamorphosis rate from nauplius to protozoea being raised by 16.4 ～27.5% and 20.4～26.7% (P ＜ 0.05 ) respectively. (3)The positive effect of lanthanum-amino acid complexes on egg hatching and nauplius metamorphosis of Penaeus chinensis is better than that of lanthanum. With regard to the positive effect, lanthanum-proline complex is better than Lanthanum-phenylalanine complex. 相似文献
9.
10.
On the basis of the data of oceanographic survey in the East China Sea in four seasons during 1997-2000 (23°30'~33°00'N, 118°30'-128°E), the variation of total biomass and diet biomass of zooplankton and their spatial-temporal distribution and relationship with the fishing ground of Engraulis japonicus are approached and analyzed. The results show that the average biomass is 65.32 mg/m3 in four seasons, autumn (86.18 mg/m3) being greater than summer (69.18 mg/m3) greater than spring (55.67 mg/m3) greater than winter (50.33 mg/m3). The average value of diet zooplankton biomass is 40.9 mg/m3. The trends of horizontal distribution both in the total biomass and the diet biomass of zooplankton are similar. The high biomass region (250-500 mg/m3) is very limited, only accounting for 1% of the investigation area. Seasonal variation of the biomass is very remarkable in the west and north parts of East China Sea coastal waters ( 29°30'N,125°E). The horizontal distribution of diet zooplankton depends on the 相似文献
11.
利用新型间歇增氧垂直流人工湿地,揭示了不同进水N H4+-N浓度下盐度提升对湿地脱氮性能及微生物群落的影响.试验结果表明:间歇增氧垂直流人工湿地在盐胁迫下的脱氮性能明显优于传统垂直流人工湿地,高盐(2.0％ 盐度)对TN去除性能影响较大,对COD去除性能影响相对较小.进水NH4+-N浓度为40 mg/L时,当盐度由0％... 相似文献
12.
Aneuploidy embryos of Pinctada martensii Dunker are produced during tetraploid induction by inhibiting the first polar body in eggs from triploid fertilized with haploid sperms with cytochalasin B treatment. Chromosome analysis reveals that there are 88.18 ±6.79% aneuploidy embryos, and 28.70% aneuploids in pearl oysters of one-year age These aneuploids have five chromosomal conditions, such as 2n + 1(29), 2n + 2 (30), 3n-2 (40), 3n-1(41) and 3n + 1 (43). Results of growth measurement show that there is no significant difference between aneuploids (as a group) and diploids in body size and weight (p ＞ 0.10), but the aneuploide is obviously different from triploid (p ＜ 0.01). The mean body size and weight of aneuploids in diploid condition (2n ± 1 and 2n ± 2) are significantly smaller than those of diploids (p ＜ 0.01),but aneuploids within triploid condition (3n ± 1 and 3n ± 2) are not smaller than diploids in body size and weight (p ＞ 0.1).This study indicates Pinctada martensii Dunker could tolerate aneuploidy by 7 ～ 14% of the haploid genome, and that aneuploids of this species are viable under certain conditions. 相似文献
13.
苜蓿组织培养体细胞胚发生的细胞学观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
苜蓿无菌苗下胚轴在含２ｍｇ／Ｌ２．４－Ｄ和０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ６ＢＡ的ＭＳ培养基中诱导出愈伤组织，愈伤组织在含有３ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ和１．５ｍｇ／ＬＫＴ的ＳＨ培养基中形成胚性愈伤组织，并伴随有体细胞胚的发生。显微观察表明：体细胞胚起源于单个的胚性细胞，它既能在愈伤组织内部发生，又可在其表面发生。体细胞胚经过球形、心形、鱼雷形及子叶胚各阶段可形成再生植株，这为在细胞水平上对苜蓿进行遗传操作及苜蓿品种的改良成为可能。 相似文献
14.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Diffusive Fluxes Across the Sediment-Water Interface in Estuarine and Coastal Tidal Flats 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nitrogen and phosphorus contents are analyzed in the overlying waters and pore waters taken from the Changjiang Estuary and Shanghai coastal tidal flats in this study. In addition, the diffusion fluxes of nitrogen and phosphorus across the sediment-water interface in tidal flats are estimated according to the nutrient concentration gradients at the interface. It has been indicated that the concentrations of ammonium, nitrite, nitrate and dissolved phosphorus in overlying waters range from 0.0082～2.56, 0.03～0.58, 0.69～5.38 and 0.035～0.53 mg/L, respectively, while 0.0025 ～ 1.35 mg/L for NH4+-N, 0. 0055 ～ 0.20mg/L for NO2--N, 0.61～1.14 mg/L for NO3--N and 0.11～0.53mg/L for DP insurface pore waters.The findings have revealed that ammonium, nitrite, nitrate and dissolved phosphorus diffusion fluxes across the sediment-water interface are between -0.024～0.99, -0.39～ -0.0019, -3.09～the source of phosphorus and an important sink for nitrogen in the waters. 相似文献
15.
初步研究了一定粒径的转炉钢渣对日本对虾（Penaeus japonicus）幼虾和中国明对虾（fenneropenaeus chinensis）幼虾的急性毒性效应。实验结果显示，当钢渣质量浓度为1.8g／L时，日本对虾幼虾96h的最高死亡率为33．33％；随着钢渣质量浓度的增加，死亡率增高；当钢渣质量浓度为18g／L时，其96h的最大死亡率达到了75％。相对于日本对虾幼虾，钢渣质量浓度为18g／L时中国明对虾幼虾96h的最高死亡率只有36．67％。运用直线内插法求出钢渣对日本对虾幼虾96h半致死浓度为1．62g／L，钢渣对日本对虾的安全浓度为0．162g／L，而在实验条件下中国明对虾幼虾的半致死浓度要明显高于日本对虾幼虾。 相似文献
16.
Extensive shrimp ponds are located next to the landward edges of most of mangrove forests in China. A shrimp pond may influence mangroves by(1) routine effluent between pond and tide, and(2) dredging effluent from pond-dredging at least once a year. Our study consisted of two experiments to study the effects of these two effluents on the seedling growth of Kandelia obovata. One experiment simulated the effects of routine effluents.The other simulated four sedimentation thicknesses(0 cm, 2 cm, 4 cm, 8 cm) over mangrove soils by dredging effluent from pond-dredging, and revealed the cumulative effects of dredging effluents on K. obovata. At each of the three fixed salinities, i.e., 5, 15 and 25, routine effluent did not result in significant differences in each of the measured growth parameters of K. obovata seedlings. However, effects of dredging effluent on seedling growth of K. obovata were related with sedimentation thickness. Most growth parameters showed maximum values at sedimentation thickness 4 cm. The data indicated that K. obovata accelerated its growth under moderate sedimentation thicknesses and it was tolerant and adaptable to shrimp pond-cleaning effluent sediments up to about 8 cm in our experiment. 相似文献
17.
More attention has been paid to the research on decolorization of dyeing wastewater nowadays. In this study, an investigation
into the decolorization of dyeing wastewater was conducted using a combination of coagulant, carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC)
and coagulant aid, polyscrylamide (PAM). The factors influencing the decolorization efficiency, such as pH value, coagulant
and the dosages of coagulant, were discussed. The results showed that using PAM as coagulant aid could reach a high decolorization
efficiency compared with using NOCC alone. The optimal conditions were pH 2.3, 480 mg/L for NOCC, and 4–8 mg/L for PAM. Under
the optimum conditions, the rate of decolorization could achieve 99%, and the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) could
achieve 90%. In addition, the membrane processes with chitosan/rare-earth-metals could enhance the decolorization rate of
Direct Black FF to 94.7%, and Indanthren Red F3B to 98.2%, respectively. Key words - Carboxymethyl chitosan, PAM, Dyeing wastewater,
Decolorization, Chitosan/rare-earth membrane 相似文献
18.
Hg,Cu,Cd,Zn 对真鲷仔鱼的急性毒性研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
本文采用静水生物试验法测定了Hg,Cu,Cd,Zn对真鲷仔鱼(2周龄)的急性毒性。结果表明:Hg,Cu,Cd,Zn对真鲷仔鱼24h的LC_(50)分别为0.025,0.31,5.00和3.70 mg/L,48h的LC_(50)分别为0.016,0.24,1.72和2.22mg/L,72h的LC_(50)分别为0.006,0.11,O.56和0.92mg/L,96h的LC_(50)分别为O.004,0.07,0.27和0.44 mg/L。Hg,Cu对真鲷仔鱼的影响极为显著,Zn,Cd的影响虽然很大,但比Hg,Cu低得多。Cd的毒性比Zn强,但毒理作用较为缓慢。4种重金属的毒性顺序为Hg>Cu>Cd>Zn。 相似文献
19.
本文研究了0.25~3 mmol/L浓度的NaHSO3对紫球藻(Porphyridium violaceum)和0.06~0.96 mmol/L浓度的NaHSO3对蓝隐藻(Chroomonas placoidea)的叶绿素荧光参数(PSII最大光能转化效率Fv/Fm、相对电子传递速率rETR、光化学淬灭qP、非光化学淬灭NPQ)、细胞密度、干重、胞外多糖和藻胆蛋白含量的影响。研究表明,较低浓度的NaHSO3对紫球藻和蓝隐藻的生长及活性物质积累有促进作用,2种微藻进行生长和活性物质积累的最适NaHSO3浓度分别为0.5和0.12 mmol/L,此条件下,实验结束时,2种微藻的Fv/Fm、rETR、qP、细胞密度、干重、胞外多糖和藻胆蛋白含量均达到最大值,显著高于对照组。其中,紫球藻的最终细胞密度、干重、胞外多糖和藻胆蛋白含量分别比对照组增加了36.0%、19.1%、71.8%和69.0%。蓝隐藻的上述参数在NaHSO3浓度为0.12 mmol/L时则比对照组增加了60.8%、45.4%、60.0%和53.1%。另一方面,NaHSO3浓度为2~3 mmol/L时显著抑制紫球藻生长及活性物质积累,NaHSO3浓度为0.48~0.96 mmol/L则不利于蓝隐藻生长及活性物质积累。研究结果表明,适合紫球藻和蓝隐藻生长及胞外多糖和藻胆蛋白积累的最佳NaHSO3浓度分别为0.5和0.12 mmol/L,该研究为2种微藻的开发利用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
20.
夏季,长江口底层极易发生大面积低氧甚至缺氧.比较2016和2017年夏季长江口缺氧区(DO<2 mg/L)、低氧区(2 mg/L3 mg/L)浮游动物群落(>160μm)特征发现:2016年群落丰度和生物量均表现为缺氧区明显高于低氧区和正常海区;中小型桡足类、胶质浮游动物丰度表现为缺氧区和低氧区均高于正常海区;胶质浮游动物的组成,在低氧程度较严重的2016年夏季,以滤食性的海樽纲和有尾纲为主,在2017年夏季,以肉食性毛颚动物为主. 相似文献