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1.
黑河中游水土资源开发利用现状及水资源生态环境安全分析   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12  
黑河流域水资源产生于南部祁连山区,主要消耗于中游农业灌溉区。对黑河流域水文资料分析计算发现,流域出山水资源量多年变化比较稳定,最枯年和最丰年水资源量之比为 1:2,丰枯变化幅度与长江以南丰水河流相当。多年平均水资源量为32．31×108 m3／a,近10年中游水资源开发利用量稳定在34×108 m3／a以上,仅中游地区对水资源的开发利用率达120％左右。目前国际上公认的人均水资源量紧缺线为 1000～1700 m3／a,黑河流域水资源开发利用具有反复转化多次重复利用的特点,用这个指标无法全面评价黑河流域水资源的安全状况。  相似文献   

2.
Since the establishment of new China, great attention has been paid by the government to the investigation of groundwater resources. On the basis of regional hydrogeological mapping covering most parts of the territory, an overall evaluation of groundwater resources in China is about 872 billion m3/a, in which the amounts of pore water, fissure water, and karst water are calculated separately, and the consumption of groundwater is also accounted for. Much prospecting work has been carried out for the development of well irrigation as well as the urban water supply of industrial cities. This extensive work has provided a scientific basis for the rational development and utilization of groundwater resources. According to statistics, 11.3 million ha of arable land are irrigated with water from wells, and the annual exploitation of underground water has reached 40 billion m3. In 27 cities of North China, the output of groundwater reached 6.86 million m3/d, which amounted to 87% of the total water consumed. The distribution and different hydrogeological characteristics of groundwater resources in various regions are discussed in this article, including some environmental hydrogeological problems related to the exploitation and utilization of groundwater. In short, it is evident that groundwater resources play a significant role in both urban and rural water supply, and promote the development of agriculture and industries in China.  相似文献   

3.
水资源是保障区域发展的重要因素,是维持生态环境的关键要素。保定平原区作为京津冀地区的重要区域,其水资源承载能力对于区域生态和社会经济发展具有重要意义。本文以生态优先为基本理念,基于不同供水来源与不同用水类型的供给与利用关系,采用定额计算和线性加权目标规划相结合的方法,对保定平原区水资源承载力进行分源评价,并与地方规划相对比,进行了水资源承载力分级。结果表明:在保证生态需水和农业灌溉用水的基础上,保定平原区在持续枯水年条件下城镇生活和工业生产2025年可提供水量为4.63×10~8m~3、水量缺口0.52×10~8m~3,2030年可提供水量为6.96×10~8m~3、水量缺口0.56×10~8m~3;持续平水年条件下,城镇生活和工业生产2025年可提供水量为5.81×10~8m~3、水量盈余0.66×10~8m~3;2030年可提供水量为8.14×10~8m~3、水量盈余0.62×10~8m~3。该项研究旨在为保定平原地区发展规划制定提供科学依据。  相似文献   

4.
《China Geology》2021,4(1):178-184
To study the current status and causes of the microplastic pollution in surface water of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, this paper compared the average microplastic abundance in sediments and surface water of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the results are as follows. First, the average microplastic abundance in surface water of the independent rivers and the whole area is 247–2686 items/m3 and 856 items/m3, respectively. The average microplastic abundance in sediments of independent rivers or lakes and the whole area is 0–933 items/m2 and 362 items/m2, respectively. Meanwhile, the degree of microplastic pollution in river sediments is higher than that in lake sediments, and the rivers suffering from microplastic pollution mainly include the Brahmaputra River, Tongtian River, and Nujiang River. Second, compared with the microplastic pollution in other areas of the world, the levelof microplastic pollution in the lakes and rivers of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is not lower than that of well-developed areas with more intensive human activities. Finally, this study suggests that relevant government departments of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should strengthen waste management strategies while developing tourism and that much attention should be paid to the impacts of microplastics in the water environment.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

5.
Taking 13 water-receiving areas on the East Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (ERSNWDP) in Shandong Province as the study area, and comparing it with Jiangsu Province on the ERSNWDP and the Middle Route of the South-to-North (MRSNWDP), the current water-saving potential of the water-receiving areas within the municipalities of Shandong was analyzed. Different water-saving scenarios were constructed and analyzed with key water-saving indexes in various industries. These indexes include the effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water, total water consumption of industrial sectors with an added value of over 10 000 RMB, average leakage rate of the urban public water supply pipe network and the penetration rate of water-saving appliances. Based on the scenarios, comprehensive water-saving potential of the 13 water-receiving area cities was calculated. The results show that the water-saving potential of the study area is at a relative high level. However, some cities still have a certain amount of water-saving potential for agriculture and industry to be elevated. Under the recommended water-saving scenario, the water-saving potential is 1.134 billion m3, accounting for 5.33% of the current total water consumption, of which 460 million m3 is in agriculture, 600 million m3 in industry, is and 74.20 million m3 in urban domestic sector. Comprehensive water-saving measures for the study area were proposed from the aspects of agricultural, industrial and domestic water uses. Agricultural and industrial water saving are more significant. The major cities for agricultural water saving include Jining City, Heze City, Weifang City and Jinan City; the focus cities of industrial water saving mainly include Weihai City, Jining City and Qingdao City and etc.; the key water-saving areas for urban use mainly include Zaozhuang City, Jining City and Heze City.  相似文献   

6.
Eritrea is a country with rich gold, silver and base-metal deposits and geothermal energy resources associated with all the five volcanoes located within the Danakil graben. Due to low rainfall, the country has to depend on imported food and food imports have crossed >?46% in the recent years. Although the cultivable land is about 16,000 km2, only 5030 km2 land is being cultivated due to insufficient water resources. The per capita water requirement is projected to fall below 1300 m3/year from the present 1470 m3/year. The country’s GDP has fallen from 1.3% in 2013 to 0.3% in 2015. Each geothermal province associated with the active volcanoes can support to generate 445 million m3 of desalinated water from the Red Sea. Providing basic needs like water and energy will boost the country’s economy and lift the socio-economic status of 6 million people in the country.  相似文献   

7.
本文在梳理流域地下水资源评价现状及历史的基础上,讨论了水资源评价方法和分区原则,将珠江流域划分为129个四级地下水系统,以地下水系统为评价单元,在充分考虑不同水文地质参数的基础上,分析评价地下水资源量及存在的问题,讨论珠江流域三级阶地不同水流运动特征,阐述了评价的精度以及水利工程对地下水循环的影响。通过本次评价,珠江流域地下水天然资源量1374.16亿m~3,可开采量为578.7亿m~3,开发利用率仅10.01%。珠江流域跨度较大,水动力特征迥异:上游云贵高原深切峡谷区、中游桂中峰丛洼地区、下游冲洪积平原区,据不完全统计,珠江流域蓄水量大于100万m~3的水库32座,水利工程的修建以及水库对水资源调蓄和分配给地下水资源评价带来一定困难,不同部委对地表水和地下水概念上的分歧导致二者间流域边界不一致以及流域水资源评价结果的差异,为此提出了解决问题的建议,以期为地下水开发利用与治理保护服务。  相似文献   

8.
The Maknassy basin in central Tunisia receives insignificant precipitation (207 mm/y), but the hydrological system retain very small quantities of water due to the steep topography and surface water resource partially mobilised witch is evacuated toward the basin outlet. However, the Maknassy plain support agriculture based on ground water irrigation with increasing water demand last decades. These developments have boosted agricultural productivity in the region. While these problems are mainly due to poor surface water management strategies in the region, the groundwater resources in this basin should be properly assessed and suitable measures taken for uniform surface water mobilization. As a first step in this direction, groundwater resources have been assessed. Regional specific yield (0.017) and groundwater recharge have been estimated on the basis of water table fluctuation method. Groundwater recharge amounting to 61.5 106 m3 in a year takes place in the region through infiltration of rainwater (48.1*106 m3 for phreatic aquifer and 13.4*106 m3 for the deep one), and recharge due to the infiltration in the Leben quady bed (1.57*106 m3). Recharge to deeper aquifers has been estimated at 0.1*106 m3 during dry seasons. Assuming that at least 40 % (102.61*106 m3) of the total precipitation water (256.64*106 m3) makes the runoff water, this important resource can be mobilized in order to increase groundwater recharge. Subject to an arid climate, such region requires an integrated water resource management. It permits to keep aquiferous system equilibrium and participate to the sustainable development which integrates natural resource management.  相似文献   

9.
 Water resources in the arid zones of northwest China mainly come from mountain areas and then flow to and disappear in the piedmont plains. These water resources, with inland river basins as the geographic unit, form relatively independent ecosystems and the surface runoff flowing out of the mountain mouth becomes the only water source available for the middle and lower reaches of these basins. Both the ecosystem stability and sustainable development depend on the surface water and groundwater resources of these inland river basins. Over the last 50 years, exploitation of water and land resources in the arid northwest regions of China has been expanding, forming 390.07×104 ha of irrigation oases, with construction of 622 reservoirs of different sizes with a total storage capacity of 65.5×108 m3 ensuring the sustainable development of industrial and agricultural production. In the meantime it has also caused a series of environmental changes. Discharge of the majority of rivers has been drastically reduced (even dried up), river courses have been shortened, and terminal lakes contracted or dried up. Land desertification and soil salinization has developed rapidly. Vegetation is degrading and biodiversity is decreasing, as compared with the early 1950s; the natural grassland area is decreasing by 16–75.4%. Economical and high-effective use of water resources and harmonization of eco-environment benefits with economic benefits are the fundamental ways to achieve sustainable development of arid northwest China. Received: 20 January 1999 · Accepted: 4 May 1999  相似文献   

10.
京津冀地区国土资源环境地质条件分析   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文
统计分析了京津冀地区土地资源、地下水、湿地、矿产、地热和地质景观等资源条件分布,结果显示,平原区土壤质量总体良好,良好及以上等级土壤分布面积约占平原区面积的80.89%,适宜种植绿色农产品的面积为96363 km~2,富硒耕(园)地面积为1894 km~2;地下水可开采资源总量为188亿m~3/a,但呈现空间分布不均的特征;衡水湖等五大湿地分布面积约为614 km~2,近30年来减少了35.57%;金属矿产和非金属矿产资源丰富,例如铁矿资源储量98.4亿t,铜矿资源量111.50万t,石油地质储量249635.02万t;地热资源丰富,开发利用地热资源可替代3.43亿t标准煤;地质遗迹资源丰富,约有300余处可纳入环首都国家公园规划建设。同时,分析了活动断裂与地震、地面沉降、地裂缝、崩滑流和地面塌陷、地下水污染和湿地退化等主要环境地质问题现状;在此基础上,针对城镇发展和重要基础设施建设、湿地保护与修复、地下水资源开发利用、优质耕地资源保护和地质遗迹资开发利用等方面提出了地学建议,为区域规划建设提供地质安全保障和资源保障。  相似文献   

11.
The changes of development and utilization of karst groundwater in Sangu Spring Basin have made the original groundwater resource evaluation unable to meet the needs of future economic development. Based on analysis of existing data, combined with the characteristics of supplement, runoff and draining of regional karst groundwater, the Visual Modelflow software was used to build a numerical simulation model of Sangu spring Basin. The amount of karst groundwater resource and groundwater environment of the Basin were evaluated under different exploitation schemes, and the changes of karst groundwater environment in the future ten years were also predicted. The fitting error which is less than 0.5 m between the calculated value and measured value of the water level in the fitted borehole accounts for 93%. For the lithologically and structurally complex Sangu Spring Basin, the fitting effect of numerical simulation model was ideal. On the basis of the current mining amount of 111.80 million m3/a, the total redistributed exploited amount in the spring region was 61.79 million m3/a. Under the condition that the quantity of recoverable resources reached 173.59 million m3/a and under different precipitation schemes, all constraint conditions were satisfied, such as regional water level drawdown, maximum allowable water level drawdown in every simulated water source area and the flow rate of Guobi Spring. The results will provide a scientific basis for the rational development and utilization of karst groundwater in Sangu Spring Basin.  相似文献   

12.
The Krishni–Yamuna interstream area is a micro-watershed in the Central Ganga Plain and a highly fertile track of Western Uttar Pradesh. The Sugarcane and wheat are the major crops of the area. Aquifers of Quaternary age form the major source of Irrigation and municipal water supplies. A detailed hydrogeological investigation was carried out in the study area with an objective to assess aquifer framework, groundwater quality and its resource potential. The hydrogeological cross section reveals occurrence of alternate layers of clay and sand. Aquifer broadly behaves as a single bodied aquifer down to the depth of 100 m bgl (metre below ground level) as the clay layers laterally pinch out. The depth to water in the area varies between 5 and 16.5 m bgl. The general groundwater flow direction is from NE to SW with few local variations. An attempt has been made to evaluate groundwater resources of the area. The water budget method focuses on the various components contributing to groundwater flow and groundwater storage changes. Changes in ground water storage can be attributed to rainfall recharge, irrigation return flow and ground water inflow to the basin minus baseflow (ground water discharge to streams or springs), evapotranspiration from ground water, pumping and ground water outflow from the basin. The recharge is obtained in the study area using Water table fluctuation and Tritium methods. The results of water balance study show that the total recharge in to the interstream region is of the order of 185.25 million m3 and discharge from the study area is of the order of 203.24 million m3, leaving a deficit balance of −17.99 million m3. Therefore, the present status of groundwater development in the present study area has acquired the declining trend. Thus, the hydrogeological analysis and water balance studies shows that the groundwater development has attained a critical state in the region.  相似文献   

13.
Yemen is a semi-arid country with very limited water resources. Sana’a Basin is located in the central part of Yemen and is the major source of water for drinking and irrigation. High abstraction rates in Sana’a Basin rising from 21.1 million (M) m3 in 1972 to 227.7?Mm3 in 2006, have led to a major decline in water levels and deterioration in groundwater quality. Effective management of groundwater resources in Sana’a Basin can be aided by modelling. FEFLOW was used to build a groundwater flow model for the basin and the model was calibrated under transient conditions for the period 1972–2006. The water balance for transient conditions of the Sana’a Basin in 2006 indicated that the total annual inflow was 116.9?Mm3, and the total annual outflow was 245.8?Mm3. Three scenarios for potential groundwater extraction for the period 2006–2020 are presented. The first represents the present status based on the 2006 extraction rates without introducing any management measures. The second is based on maximum domestic, agricultural and industrial consumption of water resources. The third simulates the effect of water-resource augmentation, i.e. the increase of groundwater recharge, and maximizes sustainability by reducing water consumption. Identified areas of the basin require prompt management action.  相似文献   

14.
西北内陆河流域地下水循环特征与地下水资源评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文
在系统梳理前人调查研究成果基础上,总结了西北内陆河流域主要的含水层特点,对山区、平原区和沙漠区的地下水循环特点进行了分析,着重对平原区地下水水流系统进行了讨论。由于西北内陆河流域地下水与地表水关系密切,形成了具有密切水力联系的含水层-河流系统,不论是上游开发地表水还是地下水,都会引起整个流域内地下水资源的强烈变化。地下水资源评价表明,西北内陆河流域地下水资源量为783亿m~3/a,其中平原区的地下水资源量为487亿m~3/a,山区与平原区的地下水资源重复量为199亿m~3/a,现状开采量为128亿m~3/a。地下水开发潜力分析表明,除柴达木盆地、塔里木盆地南缘等地区外,其他地区的地下水开采潜力有限,应通过提高水资源的利用效率来提高其承载能力。今后应加大(微)咸水资源化、地下水水库的调查研究,加强地下水的生态功能和生态需水量评价,为地下水资源的合理开发利用提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

15.
Thirteen coal areas of the Maritime Provinces in Atlantic Canada are estimated to contain some 2.23 trillion m3 (78.8 TCF) [TCF, BCF, MCF: trillion, billion, million cubic feet]) of coalbed methane resources. This compares with 510 billion m3 (18 TCF) of natural gas calculated for the Sable offshore resources in eastern Canada. In the United States, where coalbed methane resource evaluations and production have increased substantially over the past 20 years, 7% (1.34 TCF) of total domestic gas production is derived from coalbed methane. In this period, the cumulative US production of coalbed methane has exceeded 198 billion m3 (7 TCF) and more than 8000 coalbed methane wells have been drilled.In Maritime Canada, the largest coalbed methane resources occur in the offshore areas of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Sydney Basins where 196 and 26 billion m3 (69 and 9.3 TCF) of gas, respectively, have been projected. In the old mines, the greatest resources are present in the Prince and Phalen mines of the Sydney coalfield, which together contain 1.70 billion m3 (60 BCF) of gas, and in the Westville mine of the Pictou coalfield with 198 million m3 (70 BCF).Vitrinite is the dominant constituent in 27 of the 42 coals examined. Vitrinite/inertinite ratios for these 27 coals range from 4.0 to 8.4. These high values may indicate the presence of highly fractured coals with corresponding high permeability and flow efficiency, favourable for the storage and flow of methane gas. Coal rank has a pronounced effect on coalbed methane generation, and the prime gas zone often lies between 1.2% and 1.6% Ro max. (medium to low volatile bituminous). The prime zone in the Maritimes Basin underlies much of the central and eastern Gulf of St. Lawrence, and extends for significant distances seaward into the offshore Sydney Basin.Coalbed methane production from the very large resources available in Atlantic Canada may provide a valuable and long-lasting energy resource, largely free of polluting components.  相似文献   

16.
Groundwater recharge by natural replenishment for the unconsolidated alluvial aquifer in Wadi Al-Yammaniyah is estimated on a daily basis instead of the conventional monthly basis The study reveals that during the two-year period (1978 and 1979), the estimated recharge in the area is about 40% of the total average annual rainfall of 155 mm Subsurface underflow estimated at 36×10−6 m3/yr from the Wadi Al-Yammaniyah aquifer occurs in the vicinity of Wadi Ash-Shamiyah A comparison of the recharge and extracted volumes of water from the aquifer indicates that there is a net increase of 10 million m3 and 38 million m3 of water in the storage for 1978 and 1979, respectively  相似文献   

17.
The Tabriz area is a densely populated area of northwestern Iran (more than 1.5 million in population) with a large proportion of its drinking, domestic, industrial and agricultural water supplied from groundwater resources. The average rate of drinking and industrial water use in the city of Tabriz is about 3.45 m3 s–1. The Plio-Pleistocene unconfined alluvial tuff aquifer (about 1,275 km2), the most important aquifer in the area, has been known for many years as a reliable resource. The greatest estimated thickness of the alluvial tuff lies in the Saidabad area, with 350 m thickness. There are 994 deep and 284 shallow active pumping wells and 83 qanats operate in the alluvial tuff aquifer. The total water withdrawal from all these artificial discharge points has been measured at 72, 3.8 and 17 million m3/year, respectively. Analytical and numerical methods have been applied to the constant rate pumping test data from the Saidabad wellfield (eight pumping and three observation wells). The values of electrical conductivity in the groundwater of alluvial tuff aquifer range from 203 to 960 μS cm–1 and bicarbonate type water dominates.  相似文献   

18.
Groundwater resources in the North China Plain   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Shallow groundwater is a major object of exploitation in the North China Plain. About 20 billion m3/yr of fresh groundwater and about 20 billion m3/yr of surface water are available. Present water demand is about equal to or exceeds the utilizable water resources in the North China Plain. Strict economy of water use is needed along with strengthened water control, a restructured development plan, and artificial recharge.  相似文献   

19.
Since ancient times, water resources, mainly from melting snow in the high mountains, have nourished a large area of an oasis in the Kashi Plain in the western Terim Basin, China. In the last half-century, however, the rapid growth of population and the overexploitation of water, soil, and biological resources have led to drought, salinization, and desertification in the area, and consequently have hindered the development of sustainable agriculture. In this study, groundwater reservoirs with sustainable water supplies equivalent to 44.65×108 m3/year were identified, which has made it possible to implement several projects in the area to improve the ecological and agricultural environment. Three strategies are proposed for the integrated development and management of both surface-water and groundwater resources in the area. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

20.
One of the most far-reaching glacier-related hazards in the Tian Shan Mountains of Kyrgyzstan is glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) and related debris flows. An improved understanding of the formation and evolution of glacial lakes and debris flow susceptibility is therefore essential to assess and mitigate potential hazards and risks. Non-stationary glacier lakes may fill periodically and quickly; the potential for them to outburst increases as water volume may change dramatically over very short periods of time. After the outburst or drainage of a lake, the entire process may start again, and thus these non-stationary lakes are of particular importance in the region. In this work, the Teztor lake complex, located in Northern Kyrgyzstan, was selected for the analysis of outburst mechanisms of non-stationary glacial lakes, their formation, as well as the triggering of flows and development of debris flows and floods downstream of the lakes. The different Teztor lakes are filled with water periodically, and according to field observations, they tend to outburst every 9–10 years on average. The most important event in the area dates back to 1953, and another important event occurred on July 31, 2012. Other smaller outbursts have been recorded as well. Our study shows that the recent GLOF in 2012 was caused by a combination of intense precipitation during the days preceding the event and a rapid rise in air temperatures. Analyses of features in the entrainment and depositional zones point to a total debris flow volume of about 200,000 m3, with discharge ranging from 145 to 340 m3 s?1 and flow velocities between 5 and 7 m s?1. Results of this study are key for a better design of sound river corridor planning and for the assessment and mitigation of potential GLOF hazards and risks in the region.  相似文献   

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