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1.
Numerical simulation of the seismic response of tunnels in sand with an elastoplastic model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Rui Carrilho Gomes 《Acta Geotechnica》2014,9(4):613-629
The number of larger tunnels in seismic regions has grown significantly over the last decades. The behaviour of tunnels under seismic actions may be assessed using simplified or more complex approaches. Plane–strain centrifuge tests with dynamic loading on a model tunnel are used as experimental benchmark on the seismic behaviour of tunnels, with the ultimate aim of calibrating numerical and analytical design methods. Two models with dry uniform fine sand were prepared at two different densities, in which an aluminium-alloy tube was installed. This paper describes the numerical simulation of these tests with an elastoplastic model. The tunnel response recorded in the centrifuge tests is compared with the numerical prediction, showing the evolution of accelerations and internal forces along the tunnel lining during the model earthquakes. In general, the numerical simulation diverges from the recorded at the centrifuge tests. The numerical simulation largely amplifies the motion at the fundamental frequency of the soil deposit, while this effect is not significant in the centrifuge tests. It is shown that the peak increments in lining forces during dynamic loading measured in the centrifuge test disagree with the values from the numerical simulation and from the Wang’s elastic solution. The divergence observed between simulation and centrifuge tests may result mainly from the real initial stiffness of the sand in the centrifuge tests which are lower than those measured in laboratory tests and to the insufficient knowledge of all relevant stress paths to be imposed to soil for the calibration of model parameters. 相似文献
2.
This paper describes the numerical simulation of two dynamic centrifuge tests on reduced scale models of shallow tunnels in dry sand, carried out using both an advanced bounding surface plasticity constitutive soil model and a simple Mohr–Coulomb elastic-perfectly plastic model with embedded nonlinear and hysteretic behaviour. The predictive capabilities of the two constitutive models are assessed by comparing numerical predictions and experimental data in terms of accelerations at several positions in the model, and bending moment and hoop forces in the lining. Computed and recorded accelerations match well, and a quite good agreement is achieved also in terms of dynamic bending moments in the lining, while numerical and experimental values of the hoop force differ significantly with one another. The influence of the contact assumption between the tunnel and the soil is investigated by comparing the experimental data and the numerical results obtained with different interface conditions with the analytical solutions. The overall performance of the two models is very similar indicating that at least for dry sand, where shear-volumetric coupling is less relevant, even a simple model can provide an adequate representation of soil behaviour under dynamic conditions. 相似文献
3.
In this paper, a comparison between numerical analyses and centrifuge test results relative to the seismic performance of a circular tunnel is provided. The considered experimental data refer to two centrifuge tests performed at Cambridge University, aimed at investigating the transverse dynamic behaviour of a relatively shallow tunnel located in a sand deposit. For the same geometry, different soil relative densities characterise the two tests. The four seismic actions considered, of the pseudo-harmonic type, are characterised by increasing intensity. The 2D numerical analyses were performed adopting an advanced soil constitutive model implemented in a commercial finite element code. The comparison between numerical simulations and measurements is presented in terms of acceleration histories and Fourier spectra as well as of profiles of maximum acceleration along free-field and near-tunnel verticals. In addition, loading histories of normal stress and bending moments acting in the tunnel lining were considered. In general, very good agreement was found with reference to the ground response analyses, while a less satisfactory comparison between observed and predicted results was obtained for the transient and permanent loadings acting in the lining, as discussed in the final part of the paper. 相似文献
4.
在以往关于圆柱形衬砌隧道的瞬态动力响应中,衬砌周围土体大多假定为弹性介质或饱和介质。然而,自然界中的土体大多为非饱和介质。考虑土体与衬砌结构的动力相互作用及动荷载引起的附加质量密度的影响,研究了瞬态荷载作用下非饱和土中无限长深埋圆柱形衬砌隧道的动力响应。基于多孔介质混合物理论和连续介质力学理论,建立了非饱和土中圆柱形衬砌隧道受到瞬态荷载作用时衬砌及周围土体的控制方程,利用Durbin数值反演法得到了衬砌及土体在时间域的动力响应。数值分析了饱和度对瞬态荷载下径向位移、径向应力、环向应力和孔隙水压力的影响。结果表明：饱和度对衬砌及周围土体的瞬态响应影响显著;饱和度对径向位移沿径向的衰减影响较小,对环向应力和孔隙压力沿径向的衰减影响较大。 相似文献
5.
为研究浅埋输水隧道内部流体对隧道地震响应的影响,考虑黏弹性人工边界、土壤的非线性、隧道结构刚度有效率及流-固耦合作用,建立了双线隧道-土体-流体相互耦合作用的力学模型。通过刚度折减试验得到衬砌环环向、径向、轴向刚度,进而引入正交各向异性连续材料作为衬砌材料模型。采用基于任意拉格朗日-欧拉（ALE）描述法的流-固耦合方法,对上海某大直径双线输水隧道在流体作用下的地震响应进行了分析。通过与等效密度法对比,验证耦合模型对于处理输水隧道多物质非线性耦合抗震问题的可行性。计算结果表明,在水平方向地震激励下,无论一致激励或是非一致激励流体对隧道地震变形和内力都有较大影响,但对位移影响较小;对于不同隧道内水量,隧道弯矩均集中于衬砌隧道45°交叉斜线位置;相比于一致激励,非一致激励增强隧道地震位移和变形响应是明显的。 相似文献
6.
This paper examines the effect of the stress disturbance induced by tunnel construction on the completed tunnel’s seismic response. The convergence-confinement method is used to simulate the tunnel construction prior to the dynamic analysis. The analysis is performed using the finite element method and drained soil behaviour is simulated with an advanced multi-mechanism elastoplastic model, utilising parameters derived from laboratory testing of Toyoura sand. The response of the soil and of the lining during dynamic loading is studied. It is shown that stress disturbance due to tunnel construction may significantly increase lining forces induced by earthquake loading, and Wang’s elastic solution appears to underestimate the increase. 相似文献
7.
爆炸对结构物的作用可以看成是冲击力和热的共同作用结果。基于Biot热弹性波动理论,利用饱和多孔介质热- 流-固耦合动力响应模型,研究了饱和软黏土中隧道结构内受指数衰减热/力冲击荷载作用下的动力响应。利用Flügge薄壳理论,得到隧道结构的运动方程。考虑土-结构接触面上的协调条件并利用热-流-固耦合动力响应模型的通解,得到了热/力冲击荷载作用下应力、位移和孔隙水压力响应在Laplace变换域中的解。利用Laplace数值逆变换技术得到数值计算结果,探讨了冲击荷载和热荷载作用下隧道结构刚度和厚度对应力、位移和孔隙水压力响应的影响。结果表明：在爆炸冲击荷载作用下,隧洞衬砌对周围土体起到很好的屏蔽作用,且衬砌刚度越大,其保护效果越好;衬砌与土体接触面上应力随衬砌刚度增大而减小,并且刚度越大应力衰减越快;衬砌刚度和厚度对热冲击的位移响应有明显影响,而对其温度响应的影响较小。 相似文献
8.
为研究列车振动荷载作用下盾构隧道结构及周围土体的动力响应特性,采用模型试验方法,通过布置在盾构隧道底部的激振器施加扫频激振荷载和列车振动荷载,采用频率响应函数FRF与最大加速度分析了盾构隧道衬砌结构与周围土体不同位置处的动力响应及其衰减规律。研究结果表明：FRF是隧道衬砌结构和周围土体自身的动力响应特性的体现,与激振力的大小、扫频方向及扫频时间无关;在隧道管片衬砌结构的底部和顶部均体现出高频响应大于低频响应的特性,隧道顶部加速度响应沿隧道纵向衰减幅度明显小于隧道底部;隧道周围土体的动力响应沿深度有明显变化,但均表现出沿隧道轴向衰减的规律。隧道结构上部第1层测点土体的动力响应在全频域内随频率的增加逐渐增大。但在第2层和地表的第3层测点,土体的动力响应在30～90 Hz区段线性增长,在90～300 Hz区段出现波动变化,并无明显增大趋势;与扫频激振荷载引起的动力响应规律一致,由列车运行振动荷载引起的隧道管片衬砌结构和周围土体的振动沿隧道轴向逐渐衰减,隧道底部的加速度响应大于顶部,随着列车车速的增大,在隧道内部引起的加速度响应将显著增大。同时,在列车振动荷载作用下发现地表存在加速度放大效应,地表第3层测点的加速度响应均大于隧道结构上部第1层测点。 相似文献
9.
Rohit Tiwari Tanusree Chakraborty Vasant Matsagar 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(4):1491-1512
The present work deals with the three-dimensional nonlinear finite element (FE) analyses of the tunnel in soil subjected to internal blast loading. The analyses are performed using the coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian analysis tool in FE software Abaqus/Explicit. The soil and reinforced concrete lining are modeled using the Lagrangian elements. The explosive Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is modeled using the Eulerian elements. The stress–strain response of soil, concrete, and reinforcement are simulated using strain rate dependent Drucker–Prager plasticity, concrete damaged plasticity and Johnson–Cook (J–C) plasticity models, respectively. The pressure–volume relationship of the TNT explosive is simulated using the Jones-Wilkins-Lee equation of state. Parametric sensitivity studies have been performed for different (1) tunnel lining thicknesses, (2) explosive charge weights and (3) angles of internal friction of soil. It is observed from the results that blast induced pressure on the tunnel lining increases with the increase in charge weight. Both the lining and the surrounding soil undergo significant deformation. The deformation of the tunnel lining increases with increasing charge weight and decreases with increasing lining thickness and increasing the angle of internal friction of soil. Blast-induced velocity in soil attenuates with increasing distance from the source of the blast. 相似文献
10.
Three-dimensional numerical simulation for mechanized tunnelling in soft ground: the influence of the joint pattern 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The main purpose of this study was to provide a three-dimensional numerical model, which would allow the tunnel lining behaviour and the displacement field surrounding the tunnel to be evaluated. Most of the processes that occur during mechanized excavation have been simulated in this model. The influence of the lining joint pattern, including segmental lining joints and their connections, has in particular been taken into consideration. The impact of the processes during mechanized excavation, such as the grouting pressure and the jacking forces in the structural forces induced in the tunnel lining, has been presented. These values depend on the tunnel advancement. However, a negligible influence of the joint pattern on the ground displacement field surrounding the tunnel has been observed. Generally, a variation in the structural forces in successive rings along the tunnel axis has been found in a staggered segmental lining, indicating the necessity of simulating the joints in the tunnel lining and using a full three-dimensional numerical model to obtain an accurate estimation. In addition, the considerable influence of the coupling effect between successive rings on the lining behaviour has been highlighted. 相似文献
11.
Arash Alimardani Lavasan Chenyang Zhao Thomas Barciaga Alexander Schaufler Holger Steeb Tom Schanz 《Acta Geotechnica》2018,13(3):671-691
This paper numerically investigates the slurry shield tunneling in fully saturated soils with different hydraulic conductivities in short- and long-term scales. A fully coupled hydromechanical three-dimensional model that accounts for the main aspects of tunnel construction and the hydromechanical interactions due to tunneling process is developed. An elasto-plastic constitutive model obeying a double hardening rule, namely hardening soil model, is employed in the numerical simulations. The research mainly focuses on assessing the influence of soil hydraulic conductivity and the method to simulate backfill grouting in the tail void on the evolution of ground subsidence, excess pore water pressure and lining forces. Two different consolidation schemes have been taken into account to computationally address the tunnel construction in soil with low and high hydraulic conductivities. In addition, different methods are employed to simulate the tail void grouting as a hydromechanical boundary condition and to study its effects on the model responses. Finally, the influences of infiltration of the fluidized particles of grouting suspension into the surrounding soil and its corresponding time–space hydraulic conductivity evolution on the displacements and lining forces are studied. 相似文献
12.
A numerical Round Robin on tunnels under seismic actions 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Emilio Bilotta Giovanni Lanzano S. P. Gopal Madabhushi Francesco Silvestri 《Acta Geotechnica》2014,9(4):563-579
Although the seismic behaviour of shallow circular tunnels in soft ground is generally safer than aboveground structures, some tunnels were recently damaged during earthquakes. In some cases, damage was associated with strong ground shaking and site amplification, which increased the stress level in the tunnel lining. Pseudo-static and simplified dynamic analyses enable to assess transient changes in internal forces during shaking. Nevertheless, experimental evidences of permanent changes in internal loads in the tunnel lining would suggest that a full dynamic analysis including plastic soil behaviour should be performed when modelling the dynamic interaction between the tunnel and the ground. While sophisticated numerical methods can be used to predict seismic internal forces on tunnel structures during earthquakes, the accuracy of their predictions should be validated against field measurements, but the latter are seldom available. A series of centrifuge tests were therefore carried out at the University of Cambridge (UK) on tunnel models in sand, in the framework of a research project funded by the Italian Civil Protection Department. A numerical Round Robin on Tunnel Tests was later promoted among some research groups to predict the observed behaviour by means of numerical modelling. In this paper, the main results of five selected numerical predictions are summarized and compared with the experimental results. 相似文献
13.
Soil-structure interaction in shield tunnelling in soft soil 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The development and extension of large cities creates a need for multiple shallow tunnels in the soft ground of building areas. Prediction of the ground settlement caused by the tunnel excavation is a major engineering challenge. A numerical simulation using a finite element method was implemented in the aim of developing a procedure to predict the movement induced by shield tunnelling in soft soil. This study describes a two-dimensional modelling and compares two procedures. The first procedure is done in a simple way (called “deconfinement modelling”) simulating the excavation using a stress decrease vector exerted on the excavation boundary (inside the tunnel) described by a stress release scalar parameter λ (named the “deconfinement factor”). The second procedure is composed of a complete stage of modelling (called “phase modelling”) taking into account different phases which simulate the different kinds of interactions between the tunnel and the soil (deconfinement, lining installation, pore pressure applied on the lining, and weight of the lining). Using a shallow lined tunnel with homogeneous soil conditions, the two procedures are analysed and compared. Then, the second modelling procedure is applied to the case of the metro of Lyon where field data have been obtained. Observations of the results and comparison with the experimental data demonstrate that the proposed modelling is adequate for the analyses of settlement induced by tunnelling in soft soil. 相似文献
14.
This paper presents an analytical solution for the prediction of internal forces and displacements of a jointed segmental precast circular tunnel lining. The effects of joint stiffness on the performance of the tunnel lining are discussed. The ‘force method’ is used to determine the internal forces and displacements of jointed tunnel lining. Five shield‐driven tunnel cases are adopted to study the effects of joint stiffness, soil resistance, joint distribution and joint number on the internal forces and displacements of circular tunnels. Laboratory model tests are conducted to verify the proposed analytical solution. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
砂性地层中地铁盾构隧道管片结构受力特征研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以南京地铁一号线穿越砂性地层盾构隧道为研究对象,对管片环施工全过程和稳定期进行了现场系统研究。采用考虑结构与地层相互作用的梁-弹簧模型进行理论计算,探讨了砂性地层中盾尾注浆、土体应力松弛、水压力及拼装方式对管片环土水压力、纵缝张开量、内力等的分布和变化规律的影响,揭示了砂性地层中地铁盾构隧道管片环的结构性能及其与地层的相互作用特性,提出了适用于砂性地层条件下的地铁盾构隧道设计原则与方法。 相似文献
16.
地震液化对隧道结构有重大威胁,且位于不同抗液化能力地层交界处的盾构隧道段更易发生严重的地震破坏。采用三维数值方法研究穿越不同密实度状态饱和砂土地层的盾构隧道的地震响应规律。饱和砂土用一种描述不同密实度砂土液化行为的边界面模型进行模拟,首先通过隧道液化上浮的振动台试验结果验证该本构模型的合理性。其次,应用多自由度连接弹簧表征管片环间相互作用,采用文献中的拼装管片的逐级加载试验结果验证该方法的可行性。最后,建立穿越两种不同密实度饱和砂土地层的盾构隧道三维数值模型,研究相对密实度、输入加速度峰值和交界面倾角对砂土地层-盾构隧道系统动力响应的影响。结果表明,可液化地层中隧道结构位移模式是水平地震激励下产生的水平位移与由于液化上浮效应产生的竖向位移的耦合作用,加之隧道在不同土层中变形存在差异,从而导致隧道呈现扭转的变形形态。在靠近交界面处,隧道整体上浮量急剧变化且该处结构上浮量随着交界面倾角增大而增大,同时管片结构弯矩出现突变,接头螺栓的环间剪切和拉伸位移也显著增加。分析结果进一步印证地震作用下盾构隧道在不同性质饱和砂土地层交界面处更易破坏,在设计阶段应予以重点关注。 相似文献
17.
基于Biot理论,研究了饱和土中带有衬砌的圆形隧洞在移动环形荷载作用下的动力响应。假定衬砌为弹性体,土体为饱和多孔介质,引入两类势函数来表示土体、孔隙水和衬砌的位移,使隧洞的控制方程解耦。结合边界条件及连续条件,通过傅立叶变换得到频率-波数域中衬砌和土体的应力、位移和孔隙水压力解答,最后用傅立叶积分逆变换得到时-空域中的数值解。计算并比较了3种隧洞模型（弹性土体隧洞、饱和土体隧洞和饱和土衬砌隧洞）的动力响应分析。数值分析结果说明：（1）移动荷载速度对3种隧洞动力响应均具有较大影响;（2）弹性土体隧洞和饱和土体隧洞的动力响应具有明显区别,所以在富水地区的隧洞动力响应中土体应该视为饱和土体;（3）衬砌对隧洞动力响应有较大影响,故隧洞的动力分析中不能忽略衬砌作用。 相似文献
18.
《Computers and Geotechnics》2006,33(4-5):234-247
For shield-driven tunnels, the influence of the soil and grout material properties and of the cover depth on the surface settlements, the loading and deformation of the tunnel lining and the steering of the TBM is investigated numerically. To this end, comparative numerical simulations of a mechanised tunnel advance in homogeneous, overconsolidated, soft, cohesive soil below the ground water table are performed and sensitivities are evaluated. The advancement of the step-by-step tunnel construction process is modelled using a three-dimensional finite element model, which takes into account all relevant components of shield tunnelling. The material behaviour of the saturated soil and the tail void grout is modelled by a two-field finite element formulation in conjunction with an elasto-plastic Cam-Clay model for the soil and a hydration-dependent constitutive model for the grout. The analyses provide valuable information with regard to the significance of the investigated parameters and demonstrate the complexity of the various interactions in shield tunnelling. 相似文献
19.
A plane–strain numerical model has been developed to mimic a nailed loose fill slope under surcharge loading. The model has been used to back-analyse a field test that was conducted to examine the behaviour of soil nails in loose fill slopes under surcharge loading. Incremental elasto-plastic analyses coupled with pore water diffusion have been performed to study the internal deformation, water content redistribution in the soil, and the performance of the soil nails during and after the application of surcharge loading. The model parameters describing the mechanical and hydraulic properties of the nailed slope were obtained from field or laboratory tests. Different modelling techniques and boundary conditions for mimicking soil–nail interaction in loose fill material have been examined. Comparisons between numerical predictions and field measurements demonstrate that a new interfacial model, denoted as the embedded bond–slip interface model, is more suitable for mimicking the interfacial behaviour. Despite the simplicity of the numerical model, the predicted responses are in close agreement with the field test results, in particular the mobilisation and distribution of nail forces in response to surcharge loading. Both the numerical and the field test results suggest that soil nails are capable of increasing the overall stability of a loose fill slope for the loading conditions considered in this study. The increase in confining stress along the soil nails near the surcharge area is central to the overall stabilising mechanism. On the contrary, the nail forces mobilised near the nail heads are much smaller, indicating that the beneficial effect of having a structural grillage system at the slope face is limited for the range of surcharge pressures considered in this study. 相似文献
20.
Measurements on a 14.5‐m diameter bored tunnel have shown that the mechanised assembly of a segmented tunnel lining results in a permanent longitudinal bending moment in the tunnel lining. An analytical model for the beam action of the tunnel lining during the construction phase of bored tunnels is presented. The model incorporates many of the essentials in staged beam construction. It takes into account the influence of forces from the TBM, the loading of the tunnel lining by the grout in the liquid phase, and linear elastic properties of the tunnel lining and soil. Calculations are compared with measurements at the Groene Hart Tunnel (GHT), 20 km south of Amsterdam: the bending moment curve and vertical inclination of tunnel lining segments were compared. The measured bending moment curve is well reproduced. The measured vertical inclination of the lining segments is found to be governed by the beam action of the tunnel lining plus the influence of shear force in the lining. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献