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为降低瘤背石磺(Onchidium struma)体内超标重金属铜和镉的含量,保证其食品安全,作者通过底泥添加木鱼石土(富含锌、硒等)、饲料添加蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)粉以及维生素C对瘤背石磺体内Cd和Cu进行净化,探究不同实验组对瘤背石磺体内Cd和Cu的净化效果。结果表明,对照组单纯用玉米粉暂养对瘤背石磺重金属的排出有一定的效果,但远远低于试验组在底泥中添加木鱼石土、在饲料中添加蛋白核小球藻粉及维生素C的效果。在瘤背石磺产品生产过程中,通过在底泥中添加木鱼石土、在饲料中添加蛋白核小球藻粉及维生素C能高效地降低其体内重金属铜和镉的含量,达到可食用的目的,保证食品安全。 相似文献
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为探讨盐度对瘤背石磺(Onchidium struma)幼贝生长和肌肉生化成分的影响,用不同盐度水平(5、15、25、35和45)的人工海水饲养瘤背石磺幼贝[干质量(2.96±1.02)g]60 d后测定瘤背石磺生长性能和肌肉营养成分。结果显示:(1)瘤背石磺在盐度25~45时生长良好,成活率在90%以上。同时,在盐度25时增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率均显著高于其余各盐度组(P0.05),而饲料系数也显著降低(P0.05)。(2)随着盐度的升高,瘤背石磺肌肉水分显著降低(P0.05),粗灰分呈先下降后上升趋势,但对肌肉钙和磷含量影响差异不显著(P0.05);粗蛋白含量在盐度25时最高,为76.66%,而粗脂肪在高盐度时呈显著上升趋势(P0.05),分别在盐度25和45时含量最低和最高。(3)除了谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸和脯氨酸等呈味氨基酸受盐度影响差异显著外,大多数氨基酸均随着盐度升高呈现先上升后下降的趋势,且在盐度25最高,但差异不显著。(4)盐度对于每一种脂肪酸的影响均差异显著,在盐度5至35范围内,n-3 PUFA和n-6 PUFA均呈现上升趋势,但n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA值也逐渐升高。与大多数海水贝类不同的是,瘤背石磺DHA含量远低于EPA。试验结果表明,盐度对瘤背石磺生长性能以及肌肉生化成分有显著影响,适宜的盐度可改善瘤背石磺的肌肉品质和风味。 相似文献
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将瘤背石磺(Onchidium struma)、里氏拟石磺(Paraoncidium reevesii)、平疣桑椹石磺(Platevindex mortoni)和紫色疣石磺(Peronia verruculata)样品,经活体解剖取四种石磺肌肉组织,运用高效液相色谱法对其可食部分进行了胆甾醇含量测定。结果表明:瘤背石磺胆甾醇平均浓度最高,达5 870.00 mg/kg;平疣桑椹石磺、紫色疣石磺、里氏拟石磺的胆甾醇平均质量分别为3 480.00、388.00、316.00 mg/kg,统计分析显示四种石磺可食部分的胆甾醇含量差异显著。 相似文献
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瘤背石磺营养成分分析及品质评价 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用常规营养测定方法测定了10只瘤背石磺（Onchidium struma）的营养成分。结果表明,瘤背石磺活体（鲜样）的水分、粗灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪质量分数分别为88．78％、3．95％、6．30％和0．63％。其肌肉中含17种氨基酸,总质量分数为55．77％（脱脂干样）,其中,7种人体必需氨基酸总含量为15．63％,占氨基酸总量的27．80％。瘤背石磺必需氨基酸比例符合联合国棉农组织／世界卫生组织标准。瘤背石磺的限制性氨基酸是赖氨酸和色氨酸,4种鲜味氨基酸干样的总质量分数为25．33％。瘤背石磺不同部位的蛋白含量不同,表现为精卵巢蛋白〉腹足蛋白〉外套蛋白〉肝脏蛋白,且差异显著（P〈0．05）。矿物质元素含量丰富,钙、磷、铁、锌、铜含量较多,比例适宜,脂溶性维生素A、D、E含量丰富。营养成分分析结果表明,瘤背石磺具有较高的食用价值和保健作用。 相似文献
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参照国家食品营养成分分析相关标准,结合液相色谱仪,元素分析仪,电感耦合等离子光谱仪等测定海南岛采集的瘤背石磺(Onchidium struma),紫色疣石磺(Peronia verruculata),平疣桑葚石磺(Platevindex mortoni)3种石磺肌肉组织中营养成分。结果表明:海南岛3种石磺均属于高蛋白质低脂肪的海产品,蛋白质含量达65.0%以上,其中以平疣桑葚石磺蛋白质含量最高;瘤背石磺肌肉组织多糖含量高达30.96%±1.48%,显著高于其他2种石磺;3种石磺肌肉组织中氨基酸组成全面,且以呈味氨基酸含量最高,均达5.60%以上;3种石磺肌肉组织均含有丰富的矿质元素,其中以钙和镁元素含量最高,含量达20~30 g/kg,同时钠和钾元素含量达3.0~6.5 g/kg。海南岛3种石磺均具有丰富的营养价值,其中以高蛋白高多糖低脂肪的瘤背石磺最具有开发前景。 相似文献
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提要采用生化测定方法对不同规格瘤背石磺的肌肉指数、肌肉中常规生化成分、氨基酸组成、脂类和脂肪酸组成进行了系统的研究。结果表明:(1)随着体重的增加,瘤背石磺的肌肉指数和肌肉的蛋白质含量均呈下降趋势,而脂肪和碳水化合物含量呈上升趋势,大规格组瘤背石磺肌肉中的蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物含量分别为55.20%、9.10%和17.38%。(2)随着体重的增加,肌肉中的氨基酸总量呈显著下降趋势。成体瘤背石磺肌肉中检测出17种氨基酸,其中含有9种人体必需氨基酸,天冬氨酸和谷氨酸为瘤背石磺肌肉中的主要鲜味氨基酸,除蛋氨酸+胱氨酸和色氨酸外,其余必需氨基酸含量均符合FAO/WHO/UNU(1985)的理想模式。(3)不同规格组瘤背石磺肌肉中的脂类和脂肪酸组成接近,肌肉中磷脂含量达80%以上,肌肉中的脂肪酸组成平衡(S∶M∶P接近于1∶1∶1),成体n3-PUFA/n6-PUFA值为1.0左右,而∑PUFA和∑HUFA分别达30.53%和21.78%。 相似文献
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不同孵化方式、培育密度和附着基对瘤背石磺人工繁育的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为提高瘤背石磺(Onchidium struma)在胚胎发育和幼虫发育过程中受精卵的孵化速率和幼虫的存活率, 本试验模拟滩涂生态环境对瘤背石磺亲贝进行人工养殖, 并促使其交配产卵。将采集的瘤背石磺新鲜卵块置于盐度18, 水温25～26 ℃的水体中进行孵化。比较3 种不同孵化方式对孵化速率的影响, 并研究不同孔径(1.0～1.5 mm)海绵附着基和不同培育密度对幼虫存活率的影响, 同时结合幼虫在各水层中分布的变化规律, 探索瘤背石磺胚胎发育和幼虫发育过程的关键技术。结果显示, 采用3 种方式(“喷淋”、“露空”和“梯笼”)孵化, 受精卵至出膜面盘幼虫期所需时间分别为8、6 和9 d; 大孔径(1.2～1.5 mm)海绵组对幼虫的附着效果较好, 存活率显著高于小孔径(1.0～1.2 mm)海绵组(P<0.05),且两者均显著高于未添加附着基组(P<0.05); 存活率与不同培育密度的二次多项式回归分析显示, 瘤背石磺幼虫培育密度为55～61 个/mL 时存活率较高。上述结果表明, “露空”孵化方式能显著缩短瘤背石磺孵化所需时间; 在生产过程中, 幼虫培育密度以55～61 个/mL 为宜, 面盘幼虫期投放大孔径海绵作为幼虫附着基能显著提高幼虫存活率且能明显缩短胚胎发育和幼虫发育所需时间。 相似文献
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Mian状黄姑鱼早期发育阶段的摄食与生长特性 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
１９９７年４－５月,在集美大学水产学院海水育苗试验场。采用生态学方法对人工培育的Ｍｉａｎ状黄姑鱼仔、稚、幼鱼的摄食和生长特性进行分析。结果表明,在人工培育条件下,仔、稚、幼鱼的摄食率达９７．９％,摄食量占体重的１．４－２３．４％,日摄食量占体重的３６．４７－６５．１９％;摄食具明显的昼夜节律,黄昏和早晨为摄食高峰;对较大个体的饵料生物有明显的选择性;饵料密度对摄食量有一定影响。摄食量与体重的关系式 相似文献
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点带石斑鱼人工育苗技术 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
通过58批次的人工育苗试验，总结点带石斑鱼人工育苗技术；阐述了育苗池、育苗的环境条件、鱼苗不同生长阶段的饵料及投喂方法、育苗水质管理及生产中的操作方法等；讨论了如何解决开口饵料问题和出现3个危险期的原因等。 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges. 相似文献
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A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage. 相似文献
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利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is 相似文献
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Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):181-203
Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established. 相似文献