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1.
为了解福建李坊重晶石矿床成因和成矿物质来源,对重晶石单矿物的主量元素、稀土元素、微量元素和硫同位素进行了研究,研究结果显示:重晶石单矿物表现出富Al、Si、Fe的特征;ΣREE总量较低,富集轻稀土元素;δEu呈正异常,δCe呈负异常;微量元素富集Ba、Rb、Nb、Th、P等元素,亏损K、Zr等元素;各个中段δ34S均值大于32.6‰,且直方图中只显示一个主峰。重晶石单矿物成因判别图解、ΣREE-La/Yb图解,分别指示了重晶石单矿物形成于热水沉积区,成矿物质来源于沉积岩区;Si O2/Al2O3、MnO/TFe2O3、U/Th等比值指示了弱碱性—碱性的氧化环境;(La/Ce)N、Al/(Al+Fe)等比值指示大陆边缘环境。研究表明,李坊重晶石矿床形成于大陆边缘构造环境的热水沉积成矿作用,其Ba主要来源于沉积岩区,S主要来源于寒武纪海水,并且有较多陆源物质的输入。  相似文献   

2.
青海洪水河铁矿区发育一套与铁矿体呈共生关系的硅质岩,为认识铁矿床的成矿作用和成因类型,对其进行了岩相学和地球化学研究。结果表明,矿区内硅质岩富集Si O2贫Fe2O3、Al2O3、Ti O2等;Cr和Zr含量较低,相对富集U而贫Th;稀土元素总量较低,重稀土弱富集,具有Eu负异常和弱Ce负异常。硅质岩是海相热水沉积成因,形成过程中有少量来自于古老地壳的陆源物质加入;硅质岩形成于海水相对较深的大陆边缘环境,沉积环境氧逸度较低。由野外产状可知,硅质岩和铁矿床是同沉积期产物,形成于相同的构造环境之中。因此,根据成矿物质源区和热液性质分析认为,洪水河铁矿床是海相热液沉积成因,形成于大陆边缘深海环境。  相似文献   

3.
西藏南部广泛分布大规模中、新生代蛇绿岩套硅质岩、非蛇绿岩套硅质岩和硅质泉华体,本文通过对藏南日喀则、泽当等地区硅质岩的野外岩石学特征、镜下观察和地球化学分析测试,研究其地质意义。藏南硅质岩普遍发育层状、纹理状、块状和角砾状构造,化学成分与广西丹池盆地等典型热水沉积硅质岩相似,Fe/Ti值为12.88~30.60,(Fe Mn)/Ti为13.25~33,Co/Ni小于1,REE总量低,δCe呈负异常,重稀土相对轻稀土元素富集,Eu呈正异常,反映为热水成因,个别样品为生物成因。硅质岩形成与藏南拆离系和伸展构造碰撞造山带所造成的构造热事件有关,Au、Sb、Cs等多金属矿化与硅质岩密切相关,赋矿岩石石英硅同位素与马里亚纳海槽现代海底黑烟囱热水沉积物相似,为热水喷流沉积的产物。  相似文献   

4.
通过1：50 000区域地质调查,发现云南省会泽县一带灯影组中普遍发育硅质岩。本文通过硅质岩岩石学特征和地球化学特征分析,重点探讨了灯影组各段硅质岩的成因机制和沉积环境。结果表明：震旦系-寒武系灯影组下段硅质岩中相对富集Al和Ti,总稀土（ΣREE）相对较高,Ce呈负异常,Eu呈正异常;中段硅质岩中相对富集Ca和Mg,总稀土较低,LREE>HREE,Ce呈负异常,Eu呈正异常;上段硅质岩总稀土较低,LREE>HREE,Ce大部分呈负异常,Eu呈正负异常。综合硅质岩岩石学、地球化学特征,并结合震旦纪区域地质构造演化,认为研究区内下段硅质岩表现为正常海水沉积、中段硅质岩表现为典型热水沉积、上段表现出正常海水沉积受热水沉积影响的特征。硅质岩形成于复杂大陆边缘的浅海陆棚环境。  相似文献   

5.
文章通过详细的野外地质调查和系统的岩石化学、稀土元素、微量元素及硅、氧同位素等研究,探讨了羊蹄子山-磨石山钛矿区无矿白色硅质岩和富钛硅质岩的成因及形成地质构造环境。研究结果表明,呈厚层状产出的无矿白色硅质岩具较高的SiO2、Al2O3含量及Al/(Al Fe Mn)、Al2O3/(Al2O3 Fe2O3)比值,稀土元素总量很低,其北美页岩标准化配分模式为向右倾的曲线,无明显铈异常和铕异常,表明其形成于受陆源影响的大陆边缘构造环境;赋矿岩系中薄层状富钛硅质岩的TiO2、Fe2O3、Cu、V含量较高,但Al/(Al Fe Mn)、Al2O3/(Al2O3 Fe2O3)比值较低,稀土元素总量较高,北美页岩标准化曲线为明显左倾型-平坦型,具弱的负铈异常,表明其形成于洋脊及附近环境。两种硅质岩的δ30Si值为变化较小的负值,与热水沉积和某些生物成因硅质岩的硅同位素组成相似,两者的δ18O值范围和平均值均相似。两类硅质岩的成因及形成构造环境不同,富钛硅质岩的地球化学特征表明,该矿床的形成与本区元古宙海底火山热液喷流作用有关。  相似文献   

6.
在中国早古生代若干高硒黑色岩系中发育有数层的厚度不等的层状硅质岩,SiO2含量一般在 90%以上,岩石富Fe,相对贫Mn、Al、Ti。亲石元素大量亏损,但富典型的热水沉积指示元素Ba、As、Sb,也有一定的铂族元素(PGE)的异常,稀土元素的配分模式呈左倾,有明显的Ce的负异常和轻微的Eu的正异常。δ3 0 Si值变化范围为- 0 .7‰～ 1.2‰,δ18O值变化范围为 17.6‰～ 2 9.0‰。硅质岩的地球化学表明其为热水沉积作用的产物。文章最后讨论了热水成因硅质岩的形成与硒富集的关系,认为形成硅质岩的构造环境可能是地壳深部Se得以上升到浅部聚集的前提,而含硅热液则可能是硒的良好的”溶剂”。  相似文献   

7.
遵义锰矿区锰矿体底部发育一套碳泥质硅质岩建造,称为"白泥塘层",主要由微晶石英和隐晶质玉髓组成,常含少量的碳泥质、黄铁矿和碳酸盐矿物等。"白泥塘层"硅质岩与含锰建造呈连生关系,环绕含锰建造分布。本文通过对代表性的硅质岩样品主量和微量-稀土元素及氧同位素地球化学分析,发现其SiO2含量范围为95.00%98.80%,均值为96.86%,表明其属于化学成分比较纯净的硅质岩;TFeO、MnO含量相对富集,Al2O3、TiO2含量相对亏损,Fe/Ti、(Fe+Mn)/Ti和Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)的均值分别为83.80、93.90和0.21,与热水沉积物相似,表明其具有热水沉积特征;微量以富集As、Sb、Cd、U,而亏损Co、Ni、Ga为特征,其中U/Th平均比值为2.66,Ni/Co平均比值为1.58,表现出热水沉积岩的微量元素地球化学特征;稀土总量较低,均值为56.91×10-6,δ(Eu)=0.9198.80%,均值为96.86%,表明其属于化学成分比较纯净的硅质岩;TFeO、MnO含量相对富集,Al2O3、TiO2含量相对亏损,Fe/Ti、(Fe+Mn)/Ti和Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)的均值分别为83.80、93.90和0.21,与热水沉积物相似,表明其具有热水沉积特征;微量以富集As、Sb、Cd、U,而亏损Co、Ni、Ga为特征,其中U/Th平均比值为2.66,Ni/Co平均比值为1.58,表现出热水沉积岩的微量元素地球化学特征;稀土总量较低,均值为56.91×10-6,δ(Eu)=0.911.42,Eu异常不显著,δ(Ce)=0.471.42,Eu异常不显著,δ(Ce)=0.471.03,大部分样品具有负Ce异常特征,稀土元素北美页岩标准化配分模式图略呈重稀土富集特征,与典型热水沉积硅质岩稀土元素配分模式相似;硅质岩δ18OSMOW值,与热泉硅华及生物成因硅质岩比较接近。综上,"白泥塘层"硅质岩可能属于热水沉积成因,在沉积的过程中混有非化学沉积物。  相似文献   

8.
江西金山矿区硅质岩的发现及其地质意义   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3  
刘志远  金成洙 《现代地质》2005,19(1):147-151
通过野外地质调查和系统的岩石学及常量元素、微量元素、稀土元素地球化学特征的研究,探讨了金山矿区硅质岩的成因和大地构造环境。通过测试分析,显示区内硅质岩贫Al2O3、TiO2,富As、Sb、Hg、Au、Ag、W、Pb,贫∑REE,δ(Eu)为负异常,δ（Ce）为弱正异常,HREE相对富集等热水沉积物的特征,同时也表明在硅质岩的形成过程中有陆源物质的介入。在判别硅质岩的形成与作用的一系列图解上,样品均落在热水沉积作用和形成于大陆边缘环境的范围内,这与一些特征值w(Fe)/w(Ti)、w(Fe+Mn)/ w(Ti)、w(Al)/w(Al+Fe+Mn)、w(MnO)/w(TiO2)、δ(Ce)等的分析结果相吻合。这种硅质岩的发现与对比结果说明了该区域构造演化的复杂性。在晚古生代加里东运动使赣东北地区壳体断裂拉张,形成断陷盆地,并发生了热水喷流沉积成岩成矿作用。金山金矿床在形成过程中还经历了古生代热水成矿作用的叠加改造。  相似文献   

9.
湖北宜昌地区在寒武系水井沱组取得页岩气重大突破后,中扬子地区下寒武统富有机质页岩受到了更加广泛的关注。为了查明这套富有机质页岩的成因及其与下伏硅质岩之间的内在联系,系统采集了鄂西宜昌地区鄂宜地2井岩家河组和湘西桃源、张家界地区留茶坡组-牛蹄塘组的硅质岩,利用主量元素和稀土元素数据分析了硅质岩成因,并探讨了不同地区、不同沉积模式及其对下寒武统富有机质页岩形成的意义。结果表明:①鄂宜地2井岩家河组硅质岩的Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值介于0.30～0.68,在Al-Fe-Mn三角判别图和Fe/Ti-Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)图解上集中分布在沉积成因区;稀土元素Eu异常不明显,配分曲线为平坦模式,且(La/Yb)_N介于1.01～1.81,指示岩家河组硅质岩为沉积成因。②湘西桃源和张家界地区的硅质岩明显分为两种成因。留茶坡组硅质岩Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值介于0.03～0.19,在Al-Fe-Mn三角图上靠近Fe一端,稀土元素表现明显的Eu正异常,且配分曲线以重稀土元素相对富集的左倾斜为主,指示明显的热液成因;牛蹄塘组硅质岩则表现相反,指示沉积成因。③埃迪卡拉纪末期,湘西斜坡地区靠近热液喷流中心,因此留茶坡组硅质岩以热液成因为主,而宜昌地区位于局限台地附近,富硅热液因受到阻隔而无法进入,因此硅质岩为沉积成因;至寒武纪早期,随着气候变暖、海平面上升,湘西和鄂西地区海水连通,因此该时期硅质岩均为沉积成因。埃迪卡拉纪末期的热液活动为海洋生物的繁盛提供了大量的磷等无机营养元素,对下寒武统水井沱组/牛蹄塘组富有机质页岩的形成具有重要的意义。沉积成因的硅质页岩相很可能是页岩气的有利相带,这或许能为页岩气勘探提供一个新的思路。  相似文献   

10.
青海昆仑河地区温泉沟脑多金属矿位于东昆仑南坡俯冲增生杂岩带中,是近年来新发现的一处矿点.在考察该矿区过程中,首次在含矿硅质岩中发现了闪石类矿物,且与褐铁矿化或赤铁矿化关系密切.矿区内硅质岩表现出明显的条带状、纹层状构造,并具有典型的热水沉积岩组合——层状硅质岩和重晶石岩组合.硅质岩的岩石地球化学分析表明,5件样品Fe/Ti均大于20,Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)均小于0.35,稀土元素表现出总量低以及北美页岩标准化模式水平或向左倾斜,为典型的热水沉积产物.硅质岩Ce负异常不明显(平均0.90),Lan/Ybn值介于0.31～1.66之间,平均值为1.02,均与大陆边缘地区的范围接近,说明温泉沟脑矿区硅质岩形环境靠近大陆边缘.角闪石矿物学及成分分析表明,氧化物平均含量w(Al2O3)= 0.574％,w(FeOT)= 25.67％,相应的AlⅣ= 0.011,Fe3+=2.067.根据 NaB＞1.50,(Mg+Fe2++Mn2+)＞2.50,以及(Na+K)A＜0.50,Mg/(Fe2++Mg)＜0.50,AlⅣ＜Fe3+,判断该角闪石属于钠闪石.根据钠闪石产出特征及成因分析,认为其形成与后期流体活动有关.钠闪石与褐铁矿化或赤铁矿化几乎相伴产出,结合两者形成的氧化还原环境可以表明该硅质岩中的铁矿化并非前人认为的同生沉积作用形成,可能为后期热液作用产物.  相似文献   

11.
Police, politics, and the right to the city   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Mustafa Dikeç 《GeoJournal》2002,58(2-3):91-98
Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.  相似文献   

12.
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.  相似文献   

13.
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14.
The Trinity River (Texas, USA) contains in its watershed 23 different reservoir lakes, the largest one being Lake Livingston situated in the lower Trinity River watershed and two potentially polluting metroplexes, Dallas and Houston. In order to determine fluxes of nutrients and trace metals to Galveston Bay, a survey that included 24 discreet samples collected over a year and at various stages of discharge was carried out during 2000–2001. Geochemical (i.e., sorption by Fe oxyhydroxides), biological (i.e., seasonal uptake by sinking algae in Lake Livingston), and hydrological (i.e., dilution effects by increasing flow rates) controls were found to be mainly responsible for variations in dissolved trace metal concentrations rather than pollution sources. The Trinity River loads of suspended sediments and pollutant trace metals entering Galveston Bay at Anahuac were <20% of those reaching Lake Livingston, and only a few percent of the total upstream trace metal load is entering the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, during the transit through the 23 man-made lakes and an estuary, >96% of the pollutant trace metal load is lost to sediments.  相似文献   

15.
The mineral composition of the Talatui gold deposit has been studied with modern methods. Previously unknown minerals (ilmenite, siegenite, glaucodot, wittichenite, matildite, hessite, pilsenite, zircon, tremolite, cummingtonite, hercynite, and goethite) have been identified in the ore. A high Re content has been detected in molybdenite. The spatiotemporal separation of Au and Ag is caused by different mineral species of these elements and their diachronous precipitation during the ore-forming process. Gold crystallized along with early mineral assemblages, beginning from virtually pure gold (the fineness is 996). Silver precipitated largely at the end of the process as hessite (Ag2Te) and matildite (AgBiS2). The temperature of ore deposition varied from 610 to 145°C, the pressure was 3370–110 bar, and the salt concentration ranged from 56.3 to 0.4 wt % NaCl equiv. The heterogeneous state (boiling) of fluid at the early stages has been documented. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the fluid testify to its magmatic nature and the participation of meteoric water at late stages in the ore-forming process. Thermodynamic modeling reproduces the main specific features of ore formation, including separation of Au and Ag. A physicochemical model of the gold mineralization in the Darasun ore district has been proposed. On the basis of several attributes, the Talatui deposit has been referred to the prophyry gold-copper economic type.  相似文献   

16.
Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N2 in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.  相似文献   

17.
马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。  相似文献   

18.
Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ18O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation.  相似文献   

19.
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20.
Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns.  相似文献   

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