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依据在湖北武汉古姆山志留系浅海红层中新发现的古鱼类化石,确证了兰多维列统特列奇阶下部红层——志留系下红层在鄂东南地区广泛存在,并在前人工作基础上对武汉地区原坟头组进行了重新厘定,将其一分为二,上部仍为坟头组,下部则称清水组。新厘定后的坟头组以黄绿色、灰绿色、灰黄色泥岩、泥质粉砂岩、粉砂岩为主,富含腕足类、双壳类、腹足类、三叶虫和遗迹化石; 清水组下部以紫红色、红褐色泥岩、泥质粉砂岩为主,夹少量石英砂岩,上部以紫红色、黄绿色石英砂岩为主,夹泥岩、泥质粉砂岩、粉砂岩。在清水组上部新发现的鱼类化石包括盔甲鱼类锅顶山汉阳鱼(Hanyangaspis guodingshanensis )、意外洪山鱼(Hongshanaspis inexpectatus )、后棘江夏鱼(Jiangxialepis retrospina )及软骨鱼类中华棘鱼(Sinacanthus )、新中华棘鱼(Neosinacanthus )。这些新发现的古鱼均为张家界脊椎动物群温塘鱼类化石组合中的成员,其中,后棘江夏鱼可以跟产自江西武宁地区下红层清水组中的九江江夏鱼(J. jiujiangensis )直接对比,二者同属于真盔甲鱼目曙鱼科江夏鱼属,而曙鱼科成员则可以作为志留系下红层的标志性分子。根据鱼群面貌和地层层序,武汉地区的志留系下红层可以与皖、苏地区的侯家塘组、浙西北地区的唐家坞组、赣西北地区的清水组、湘西北地区的溶溪组以及新疆塔里木地区的塔塔埃尔塔格组进行很好的对比,其时代为志留纪兰多维列世特列奇期早期。华南板块志留系下红层的分布特征表明, 在特列奇期早期,上、下扬子海之间存在一狭长的浅海区域,这为盔甲鱼类在湖北武汉和江西武宁两地之间的扩散与交流提供了便利条件和可能。 相似文献
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受到植物化石材料局限性与时代久远性的限制,目前用古生代植物化石δ
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本文描述了我国滇东曲靖地区下泥盆统徐家冲组的植物化石Hedeia sinica Hao et Gensel 1998,Huia gracilis wang D- M et Hao2001和 Guangnania cuneata Wang D- M et Hao(印刷中)。根据相同植物(Hedeia,Huia,Guangnania and Zosterophyllum australianum)的出现及其层位,首次证明中国徐家冲植物群的中下部组合同早泥盆世((晚)布拉格期)中国滇东南坡松冲植物群和澳大利亚上 Barag-wanathia植物群具有可比性。基于这种可比性和地层层序,认为徐家冲组中下部地层为(晚)布拉格期。依据对植物、双壳、鱼化石组合的 相似文献
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本文记述了新近发现的保存较好、具甲胄确切证据的奥陶纪鱼形动物化石。该化石采自新疆塔里木盆地巴楚县一间房地区依朗里克塔格山上奥陶统恰尔巴克组滨-浅海紫红色砂屑灰岩中。对所发现的鱼形动物新属新种——优雅郝氏鱼(Haoina elegantia gen.et sp.nov.)进行了生物学系统描述。郝氏鱼是我国奥陶纪已知保存较完整的古脊椎动物化石,是新科——郝氏鱼科(Haoinaspididae fam.nov.)的科型属。并依据其独特的生物学特征建立新目——郝氏鱼目(Haoinaspidiformes ord.nov.),置于无颌超纲甲胄鱼纲之下。依据牙形石化石带的时代分布,恰尔巴克组属于晚奥陶世早期,即桑比期。新发现的鱼形动物化石包括一个较完整的背侧甲片,化石表面覆盖具有特征纹饰的外骨骼甲胄,大致可分为四种不同的类型;松果区位于头甲中前部;有宽大而深陷的背侧位眶凹,位于松果体稍前的两侧,瘤突组成的嵴在凹壁呈同心圆排列,眶凹呈喇叭状开口。感觉沟系统发育,具眶上感觉沟、主侧线感觉沟和嵴间感觉沟,显示出真皮及皮下组织的管孔系统结构。根据与其他地区鱼形动物的对比和生物特征,建立了具有古特提斯特色的新的鱼形动物古地理分区——奥陶纪郝氏鱼类-巴楚鱼类古脊椎动物生物地理区系。这一化石是我国乃至亚洲目前已知发现最早具外骨骼确凿证据的鱼形动物。 相似文献
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云南曲靖地区的关底组产出世界闻名的潇湘脊椎动物群(Xiaoxiang Vertebate Fauna),但其地层的划分对比和时代归属一直存有争议,特别是其下部地层的划分及时代归属争议最大。通过在曲靖城南以关底组下段地层为主的刘家冲剖面上开展详细的野外及室内地层古生物学研究工作,文章厘清了该剖面上的志留纪地层,并依据采自数个层位样品中丰富的鱼类微体化石材料探讨了关底组下部的地质时代。研究结果表明:刘家冲剖面上出露的志留纪地层根据岩性变化特征可划分为关底组Ⅰ段(岳家山段)、Ⅱ段(崇家湾段)和Ⅲ段(彩莲段);Ⅰ段的下部以浅黄色、浅黄绿色含砾粉砂质泥岩、钙质粉砂岩为主,未见化石,而上部以深灰色、灰黑色页岩为主,含少量腕足类Lingula sp.及双壳类;Ⅱ段则以灰绿色、暗紫红色页岩互层、并夹薄层状灰岩为主,从下往上灰岩夹层逐渐增多,含丰富的腕足类、海百合茎等无脊椎动物化石及鱼类微体化石;在关底组Ⅲ段地层中首次发现的鱼类微体化石多样性高,门类比较齐全,包括无颌类、盾皮鱼类、棘鱼类和硬骨鱼类四大早期脊椎动物类群,从鱼群组成面貌上看隶属于潇湘脊椎动物群扬子鱼类组合(Yangtze Fish Assemblage)。笔者主要依据对其中棘鱼类的全球对比分析研究,并在结合牙形类等无脊椎动物化石研究进展及新认识的基础上,深入探讨了关底组下部Ⅰ段及Ⅱ段的地质时代。关底组Ⅱ段的时代应为志留纪罗德洛世高斯特晚期(late Gorstian, Ludlow),关底组Ⅰ段含砾岩层之上、含盾皮鱼类“王氏鱼”(Wangolepis)的地层,则应归入罗德洛世高斯特早期(early Gorstian, Ludlow),而在该剖面上尚未发现鱼类化石的关底组Ⅰ段下部,目前还不能确定全部归入高斯特阶(Gorstian),有可能会下延到温洛克统(Wenlock)之中。文章中相关工作的开展,不仅为中国志留纪生物地层的精深研究提供了古鱼类学方面的可靠证据,而且为探讨早期脊椎动物演化提供了新的地质年代意见。 相似文献
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本文依据近年来在江西武宁清水组及安徽宁国唐家坞组中新发现的含鱼层位,结合古鱼类形态学与系统学研究结果,对中国含志留纪早期鱼化石的主要层位进行梳理,认为:(1)浙西北地区产曙鱼科和修水鱼科化石的地层为唐家坞组,属于下红层,而非上红层茅山组;(2)皖东南地区产大庸鱼科化石的地层为唐家坞组,属于下红层;(3)依据所产的大庸鱼科、汉阳鱼科、古木鱼科等原始盔甲鱼类化石,苏皖地区侯家塘组属于下红层;(4)根据古鱼类化石,华南的溶溪组、清水组、唐家坞组、侯家塘组与新疆塔里木盆地的塔塔埃尔塔格组可以直接对比,时代为志留纪兰多维列世特列奇早期。基于古鱼类化石新认识,本文修订了产于湖南下红层中的温塘鱼类化石组合,该组合主要以盔甲鱼亚纲中的基干盔甲鱼类(汉阳鱼科、修水鱼科、大庸鱼科)、最原始的真盔甲鱼类(曙鱼科)、最原始的多鳃鱼类(古木鱼科)与软骨鱼类中的中华棘鱼类的出现与繁盛为特征。 相似文献
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迄今为止,纸厂文山鱼(Wenshanaspis zhichangensis Zhao, Zhu et Jia, 2002)仅在文山古木地区发现唯一一件较为完整的头甲;笔者等通过全面系统的古生物化石调查,在云南文山广南珠街一带下泥盆统坡松冲组首次采获了一件较为完整的纸厂文山鱼化石标本,这一发现拓宽了纸厂文山鱼的分布范围,丰富了化石层段层序地层的研究,对早泥盆世古地理面貌恢复提供了有力的化石证据。通过与正型标本的对比,新发现一个连接眶上管与侧背管的椭圆形开孔,并对其功能作了分析讨论。 相似文献
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迄今为止,纸厂文山鱼（Wenshanaspis zhichangensis Zhao,Zhu et Jia,2002）仅在文山古木地区发现唯一一件较为完整的头甲;笔者等通过全面系统的古生物化石调查,在云南文山广南珠街一带下泥盆统坡松冲组首次采获了一件较为完整的纸厂文山鱼化石标本,这一发现拓宽了纸厂文山鱼的分布范围,丰富了化石层段层序地层的研究,对早泥盆世古地理面貌恢复提供了有力的化石证据。通过与正型标本的对比,新发现一个连接眶上管与侧背管的椭圆形开孔,并对其功能作了分析讨论。 相似文献
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化石类群的分类单元多样性和形态多样性变化是生物宏演化的2个基本方面,而以往的研究对于后者的关注较少。晚古生代的楔叶类植物易于识别,化石记录丰富,但针对这一类群多样性演化的研究还较为缺乏。基于华北板块、华南板块晚泥盆世至早三叠世楔叶类植物属、种以及叶片形态编码数据库,对楔叶类植物宏演化历程进行详细研究。中国(华北板块和华南板块)楔叶类植物的属、种丰富度在晚古生代呈现出不稳定的持续增长,表现为晚泥盆世的初始兴盛、早石炭世杜内期至早二叠世萨克马尔期的缓慢上升、早二叠世萨克马尔期至晚二叠世吴家坪期的快速上升;晚二叠世长兴期,总体的属种多样性骤减;每百万年属种多样性在二叠纪—三叠纪之交亦有明显降低。华南板块楔叶类植物的属种多样性总体上小于华北板块,达到峰值的时间为卡匹敦期—吴家坪期,而华北楔叶类植物的属级多样性在空谷期—沃德期达到峰值。中国楔叶类植物叶片的形态多样性的剧烈变化与属种丰富度并不同步,表现为法门期至韦宪期较小,在宾夕法尼亚亚纪达到峰值,随后稍微下降并在二叠纪的大部分时段保持平稳。在晚古生代的叶片形态演化过程中,楔叶类植物的叶面积由小变大、叶片由深裂至不裂、叶尖形状由分裂变为圆形或钝圆、叶轮中的叶从大小相等到大小不等并出现叶镶嵌,这可能与当时植物群落中林下层光照强度的变化有关。 相似文献
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Researches on Plants from the Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation in the Qujing District, Eastern Yunnan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
WANG Deming HAO Shougang LIU Zhenfeng School of Earth Space Sciences Peking University Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2002,76(4):393-407
Fossil plants Hedeia sinica Hao et Gensel 1998, Huia gracilis Wang et Hao 2001 and Guangnania cuneata Wang et Hao are described from the Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation, the Qujing district, eastern Yunnan, China. They contribute to our knowledge of the flora in this district. Based on the occurrence of common plants (Hedeia, Huia, Guangnania and Zosterophyllum australianum) and their horizons, it is proved for the first time that the mid-lower assemblage of the Xujiachong flora is comparable with the Early Devonian ((late) Pragian) Posongchong flora of southeastern Yunnan and the upper Baragwanathia flora of Australia. In view of this fact and the stratigraphic sequence, the mid-lower part of the Xujiachong Formation is considered to be of (late) Pragian age. Through comprehensive analyses of plant, bivalve and fish assemblages and the lithology, the upper part of the Xujiachong Formation is dated to be of early Emsian age. The Xujiachong flora belonged to the northeastern Gondwana palaeophytogeogr 相似文献
12.
Two Species of Zosterophyllum from South China and Dating of the Xujiachong Formation with a Biostratigraphic Method 
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下载免费PDF全文 WANG Deming 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(4):525-538
Zosterophyllum longa sp.nov.is reported from the Lower Devonian Pingyipu Formation, Jiangyou District,northern Sichuan of China.This new plant has vertically elongate sporangia differing from all known species of Zosterophyllum,demonstrating morphological variations in Zosterophyllophytina.New materials of Zosterophyllum yunnanicum from the Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation,Qujing District,eastern Yunnan of China show that fertile axes of this species are anisotomous or pseudomonopodial or K-shaped in branching.Sometimes fertile lateral axes are very short and bear an axUlary axis at the dividing point.Distinct thickening occurs along the whole margin of a sporangium,with sporangial lobes undeveloped.The evolution of Zosterophyllum is tentatively discussed.A biostratigraphic method of Gerrienne and Streel is introduced and applied to dating of the Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation,which is considered as of the late Pragian-early Emsian. 相似文献
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西藏申扎地区下泥盆统达尔东组珊瑚化石新材料 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
系统描述了采自藏北申扎地区下泥盆统达尔东组的部分珊瑚类化石。其中，皱纹珊瑚7属5种(含1新种Hunanaxonia xizangensis sp．nov．)及2个未定种；床板珊瑚形珊瑚4属4种，含2个新种(Pachycanalicula sparcula sp．nov．，Paraheliolites zakangensis sp．nov．)。这些珊瑚化石的发现将有助于进一步了解本区早泥盆世珊瑚动物群的共生组合、演化以及珊瑚的古生物地理区系。 相似文献
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The age of the Yukiang (Yujiang) Formation has been shrouded in controversy for more than 75 years. New investigation at the Liujing section, Hengxian County, Guangxi, has revealed a conodont sequence assignable to two Early Devonian conodont zonations: the Eognathodus kindlei?–Polygnathus pireneae Zone and the Polygnathus nothoperbonus Zone from oldest to youngest. The Gaoling and Mahuangling members of the Nahkaoling (Nagaoling) Formation and the overlying Xiayiling Member and lower part of the Shizhou Member of the Yukiang Formation are proven to belong to the Pragian Eognathodus kindlei?–Polygnathus pireneae Zone. The co-occurrence of Polygnathus pireneae and Pol. sokolovi in the lower part of the Shizhou Member demonstrates that this interval can be approximately correlated with the uppermost part of the Polygnathus pireneae Zone. However, precise level identification of the Pragian–Emsian Boundary (PEB) in the Liujing section remains dfficult due to the scarcity of suitable limestone samples for conodont analysis from the middle and upper parts of the Shizhou Member. The Daliancun and Liujing members of the Yukiang Formation and the lower part of the overlying Moding Formation are assigned to the Polygnathus nothoperbonus Zone with the nominal species of this biozone ranging from the bottom of the Daliancun Member to the lower part of the Moding Formation. 相似文献
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A new genus and species,Ramoferis amalia gen.et sp.nov.,is described from the Early Devonian(Pragian)Posongchong Formation,Wenshan district of southeastern Yunnan,China.This plant has isodichotomous major axes,which also divide anisotomously distally to produce closely spaced lateral branches,often within fertile regions.The stalked round to reniform sporangia,borne laterally and spirally over several levels of branches,are distantly to moderately spaced or aggregated into distinct spikes.The stalks incr... 相似文献
16.
大别山北麓石炭系研究新进展 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
研究区石炭系属残留海盆沉积。在固始柳林泥盆纪（？）花园墙组上部首次发现社内期Ｄｉｂｏｌｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓｄｉｓｔｉｎｃｔｕｓ－Ａｕｒｏｒａｓｐｏｒａｍａｃｒａ孢子组合，据此建立固始组。上覆大杨山组为典型磨拉石建造，推论造山运动发生于中、晚泥盆世。杨山组植物组合的特点似显示在早石炭世末华北、华南板块已互相接近，局部地段可能已拼合。 相似文献
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新疆哈巴河县阿舍勒泥盆—石炭纪四射珊瑚 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
笔者1990—1991年在新疆哈巴河县阿舍勒采集和描述的四射珊瑚,经研究鉴定计有8属3新种和6未定种:Sinospongophyllum habaheens(sp. nov.), S. sp.,Orthophyllum sp.,Tryplasma Sp.,Cystophrentis achelenensis (sp. nov.), Siphonaphyllia habaheensis (sp. nov.),Clavilasma?sp.,Bifossularia?sp.,Amplexizaphrentis sp.等,它们分别归属于托克萨雷组、阿舍勒组和红山嘴组。 相似文献
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西藏泥盆纪海相红层的分布与时代 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在作者及前人对西藏地区泥盆纪地层学、古生物学等资料研究的基础上,作者对该区泥盆纪海相红层进行了初步的系统整理。共识别出6层(套)海相红层,它们是:早泥盆世扎西岗组海相红层(洛赫柯夫阶—布拉格阶)(XDRB1)和春节桥组上部海相红层(埃姆斯阶)(XDRB2),中泥盆世海通组海相红层(艾费尔阶)(XDRB3)和丁宗隆组底部海相红层(吉维阶)(XDRB4),晚泥盆世查果罗玛组(下部)海相红层(弗拉斯阶)(XDRB5)和羌格组顶部海相红层(法门阶)(XDRB6)。所有海相红层均形成于近岸或浅水碳酸盐岩台地环境,因此,属于浅水-半深水陆棚红层,此外,还讨论了中国南方泥盆纪海相红层的分布及全球法门期海相红层广布事件。 相似文献
19.
The Hill End Trough of central‐western New South Wales was an elongate deep marine basin that existed in the Lachlan Fold Belt from the early Late Silurian to late Early Devonian. It is represented by a regionally extensive, unfossiliferous sequence of interbedded turbidites and hemipelagites of substantially silicic volcanic derivation, which passes laterally into contemporaneous shallow‐water sedimentary rocks. The Turondale and Merrions Formations of the Lower Devonian Crudine Group are two prominent volcanogenic formations in the predominantly sedimentary trough sequence. They contain a range of primary and resedimented volcanic facies suitable for U–Pb dating. These include widespread subaqueous silicic lavas and/or lava cryptodomes, and thick sequences of crystal‐rich volcaniclastic sandstone emplaced by a succession of mass‐flows that were generated by interaction between contemporaneous subaerial pyroclastic flows and the sea. Ion microprobe dating of the two volcanogenic formations by means of the commonly used SL 13 zircon standard yields ages ranging between 411.3 ± 5.1 and 404.8 ± 4.8 Ma. Normalising the data against a different zircon standard (QGNG) yields preferred slightly older mean ages that range between 413.4 ± 6.6 and 407.1 ± 6.9 Ma. These ages broadly approximate the Early Devonian age that has been historically associated with the Crudine Group. However, the biostratigraphically inferred late Lochkovian ‐ early Emsian (mid‐Early Devonian) age for the Merrions Formation is inconsistent with the current Australian Phanerozoic Timescale, which assigns an age of 410 Ma to the Silurian‐Devonian boundary, and ages of 404.5 Ma and 395.5 Ma to the base and top of the Pragian, respectively. There is, however, good agreement if the new ages are compared with the most recently published revision of the Devonian time‐scale. This suggests that the Early Devonian stage boundaries of the Australian Phanerozoic Timescale need to be revised downward. The new ages for the Merrions Formation could also provide a time point on this time‐scale for the Pragian to early Emsian, for which no data are presently available. 相似文献