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北淮阳及其邻接区地壳稳定性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
运用多学科、多技术相结合的研究方法,从现今构造应力场特征、现代地壳形变特征、主干断裂构造以及区域断裂活动性分析、新构造运动、地震活动、数值模拟等方面入手,对北淮阳及其邻接区地壳稳定性进行了全面而系统的研究,指出本区地震活动受走滑活动断裂控制,中、强地震集中于区内东南部和西北部NW向与NE向断裂交汇处;第四纪无大规模差异升降运动;数值模拟等综合分析表明,信阳地区的区域构造稳定性高,现代地壳形变量小,应力平缓,地震活动少且弱。 相似文献
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运用多学科、多手段相结合的方法，从区域构造稳定性、构造岩研究、构造裂隙统计分析、红外相位法位移监测，高密度电阻率法、钻探验证、年代学研究、新构造运动分析、遥感图像解译、地震安全性评价、数值模拟、工程地质条件分析等方面入手，对信阳市燃气混气站的断裂活动性和场地稳定性进行了全面而系统的论证；指出场区断裂规模小，第四纪无大规模差异升降运动，无活动断裂通过，邻区地震活动小且弱，区域构造稳定性高，应力平缓，工程地质条件良好，是一个稳定的“岛区”，井指出系统而全面的综合研究方法是研究工程稳定性项目行之有效的手段。 相似文献
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库车褶皱冲断带是一个典型的复杂含盐褶皱冲断系统。文章基于地震资料构造解析，采用离散元数值模拟方法，设计了2组数值模拟实验来探究先存被动盐底辟对含盐的双滑脱层褶皱冲断带构造形态及演化的影响，从而分析克深5构造区沿走向分段差异的盐构造变形特征和机制，并对盐下断层活动进行精细的定量分析。模拟结果表明先存被动盐底辟作为挤压构造变形优先发育的位置，是应力释放的优先区域，影响了盐上断层顺序和盐下断层的活动性，进而控制了构造沿走向的差异演化。通过将模拟结果与库车坳陷克深5构造区构造特征进行对比分析，吐孜玛扎背斜是盐盆地内部先存被动底辟受后期挤压变形的产物。吐孜玛扎背斜吸收大部分的缩短量，造成紧邻的盐下断片显著抬升，盐上受同构造沉积影响在背斜北侧形成一个宽缓的向斜，抑制了向斜内乱序断层的形成。先存被动盐底辟构造是控制克深5区域构造变形的主要控制因素之一。研究区东段不含先存被动盐底辟，依次发育有库木格列木背斜和喀桑托开背斜，背斜变形幅度向盆地方向减小，盐下断裂活动强度向盆地方向减弱，研究区西段含先存被动盐底辟，发育吐孜玛扎背斜，先存被动盐底辟的盐下断裂活动强度强于毗邻的断层。 相似文献
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中国活动构造与地震活动 总被引：56，自引：3，他引：56
文中研究了中国活动构造与地震活动的关系 ,包括活动断裂、活动褶皱、活动盆地和活动块体与地震活动的关系。全部 8级、绝大部分 7～ 7.9级地震均发生在活动块体边界活动构造带内 ;但对内部有次级活动构造的块体而言 ,少数 7～ 7.9级地震和部分 6～ 6 .9级地震也可能发生在块体内部的活动构造带上。大地震与活动断裂、活动褶皱和活动盆地的关系十分紧密 ,70多次 7级以上地震的同震破裂带及其位移参数与活动构造完全一致 ,7～ 8级地震均发生在活动断裂、活动褶皱和活动盆地带内 ,仅个别地震由于发生在高原和高山区 ,情况不明 ,6～ 6 .9级地震则大约有 5 %～ 15 %发生在活动构造带外或者情况不明。由于中国各断块区应力环境的差别 ,各区活动构造变形和地震发震构造类型也有所不同 ,文中对不同构造区走滑型 ,逆断裂褶皱型和正断裂拉张型活动构造和地震发震构造模型作了讨论。 相似文献
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本文用构造地球化学的理论和方法，解析断裂构造与元素地球化学的内在联系及规律性，表明构造活动促使成矿元素活化转移并在断裂构造带浓集，得出断裂构造对巴年锑矿的形成有重要的控制作用的结论。 相似文献
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抽水作用下先期断裂对地裂缝的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
过度抽取地下水和先期存在的断裂构造是西安市地裂缝地质灾害发生的主要原因。作者首先从理论上分析了抽水情况下地裂缝形成的张拉破裂机制、剪切破裂机制和张剪复合破裂机制,并从结构面控制理论分析了先期断裂在地裂缝形成中的控制作用;然后依据比奥三维固结理论,采用FLAC软件建立了西安地裂缝的计算模型,比较了抽水作用时没有先期断裂和地层差异、有先期断裂而没有地层差异、有地层差异而无先期断裂等情况时的地面变形特征,得出抽水作用下,先期断裂对地裂缝的形成及发展具有诱导、隔离和放大的耦合作用,从而得出先期断裂不仅仅只是地裂缝形成的构造基础的结论。 相似文献
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以西安地铁临潼线穿越骊山山前断裂为研究背景,采用数值模拟方法,通过建立地铁隧道-断裂-地层三维有限元模型,研究了骊山山前断裂错动作用下隧道结构的变形受力特征,以此揭示了骊山山前断裂错动作用对西安地铁临潼线的影响机制以及重点设防位置,确定了地铁临潼线的设防范围,提出了相应防治建议措施。研究结果表明:断裂错动作用造成地铁隧道沿纵向发生弯曲变形,大致可分为3个变形区域:下盘稳定区、剪切拉张区和整体沉降区。断裂附近地层竖向应力和隧道拱底接触压力均表现为上盘减小而下盘增大,而隧道拱顶接触压力在上盘增大下盘减小。同时,沿纵向隧道顶部结构在上盘受压而下盘受拉,底部结构受力刚好相反,在上盘受拉下盘受压;隧道受剪区范围随断裂位错量变化基本保持不变,且最大值均出现在与断裂相交位置处。最后,综合确定了西安地铁临潼线跨越骊山山前断裂的纵向设防长度至少为80 m,并给出了跨断裂西安地铁临潼线的防治措施。研究结果可为西安地铁临潼线跨越骊山山前断裂带设计及其病害防治提供科学参考。 相似文献
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A boundary element model for stress/stability analysis of underground excavations in the vicinity of faults is presented. The boundary element formulation adopts the fictitious stress method for the simulation of excavation boundaries and the displacement discontinuity method for the representation of faults. The numerical model employs the Barton–Bandis non-linear joint model for the modelling of the fault behaviour and linear elastic behaviour for the rock. An incremental-iterative in situ stress relaxation algorithm is implemented for the non-linear analysis of the faults. Both deformation and peak strength models of Barton–Bandis are incorporated for modelling the mechanical behaviour of the fault. The non-linear deformation of fault considers the effects of coupling between shear and normal stresses and displacement, joint closure, joint separation, hardening followed by post-peak or residual behaviour. The peak strength model employs a mobilized non-linear shear strength envelope. The differences between linear and non-linear simulation of the fault models are discussed. A comparison of model predictions with the classical Mohr–Coulomb peak strength model with constant joint stiffness is presented. The numerical model is used for a case study of Canadian hard rock underground mine. The shear and normal displacements along the fault during four mining sequences with backfill simulation are presented and discussed. 相似文献
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反转构造在我国含油气盆地中广泛发育,对于油气勘探具有重要意义.本文采用离散元颗粒流方法研究了先存正断层的陡缓程度、倾向组合关系和距离挤压端的远近等因素对断层的反转构造发育及其反转量的影响.模拟结果显示,先存断层的产状及其距离挤压端的远近会影响先存断层的反转次序、反转量,进而影响盖层内反转构造的发育.当先存正断层倾向指向... 相似文献
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西安地面沉降及地裂缝阶段预测 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
地面沉降及地裂缝可视其为复合地质灾害现象。二者性质不同,但就其发展阶段或单旋回过程而言,皆可将其归并于有限系统。本文讨论了西安市小寨地面沉降带的地质背景,建立了泊松旋回预测方程,论证了二者的演化规律及其盛衰阶段。引入指数函数法,进行了沉降阶段的对比研究。根据历史记录,讨论了西安地裂缝兴衰与我国陆块板内地震活动的对应关系。 相似文献
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Basin-scale tectonics and sedimentation are studied using particle flow code (PFC), a special implementation of the distinct-element method (DEM) using circular elements. Special focus is on the development and application of new techniques, which allow for strain weakening and localisation effects and, thus, the formation of discrete fault patterns in high-resolution DE models.Fundamental modelling assumptions and the procedures necessary to define the microproperties of a DE material from given rock mechanical data are first explained. Recent methodical enhancements, consisting of automatic fault detection (AFD) and intelligent crack management (ICM) algorithms are also discussed. Refined DE modelling techniques are then applied to three scenarios of extensional basin formation, i.e. the evolution of halfgrabens above detachments with simple listric and ramp–flat–ramp geometries, respectively. Numerical modelling results compare favourably with the analogue (‘sandbox’) models widely used in this kind of basin studies. Not only do they reproduce the general basin architecture (e.g. roll-over anticlines and crestal collapse grabens), but also detailed fault structure and the sequence of faulting. In addition, numerical models can describe temporal changes in mechanical material properties to model compaction and diagenesis of syntectonic sediments. 相似文献
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Dislocation modelling of an earthquake fault is of great importance due to the fact that ground surface response may be predicted by the model. However, geological features of a fault cannot be measured exactly, and therefore these features and data involve uncertainties. This paper presents a Monte Carlo based random model of faults with finite element method incorporating split node technique to impose the effects of discontinuities. Length and orientation of the fault are selected as random parameters in the domain model, and hence geometrical uncertainties are encountered. Mean and standard deviation values, as well as probability density function of ground surface responses due to the dislocation are computed. Based on analytical and numerical calculation of dislocation, two approaches of Monte Carlo simulations are proposed. Various comparisons are examined to illustrate the capability of both methods for random simulation of faults. 相似文献
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Impact of single inclined faults on the fluid flow and heat transport: results from 3-D finite element simulations 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Yvonne Cherubini Mauro Cacace Guido Blöcher Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(8):3603-3618
The impact of inclined faults on the hydrothermal field is assessed by adding simplified structural settings to synthetic models. This study is innovative in carrying out numerical simulations because it integrates the real 3-D nature of flow influenced by a fault in a porous medium, thereby providing a useful tool for complex geothermal modelling. The 3-D simulations for the coupled fluid flow and heat transport processes are based on the finite element method. In the model, one geological layer is dissected by a dipping fault. Sensitivity analyses are conducted to quantify the effects of the fault’s transmissivity on the fluid flow and thermal field. Different fault models are compared with a model where no fault is present to evaluate the effect of varying fault transmissivity. The results show that faults have a significant impact on the hydrothermal field. Varying either the fault zone width or the fault permeability will result in relevant differences in the pressure, velocity and temperature field. A linear relationship between fault zone width and fluid velocity is found, indicating that velocities increase with decreasing widths. The faults act as preferential pathways for advective heat transport in case of highly transmissive faults, whereas almost no fluid may be transported through poorly transmissive faults. 相似文献
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西安地裂缝活动现状及地铁隧道建设应对措施 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
汾渭盆地是国内地裂缝发育最强烈的地区。西安地处汾渭盆地,已经出露地表和隐伏的地裂缝共发现15条。在综合已有的认识基础上,深化了西安地裂缝成因的认识。通过西安地裂缝的活动现状及其发展趋势分析,针对西安各地裂缝的分布、活动状态和已有监测结果,给出了地裂缝带的最大地表宽度和地铁设防长度;针对地裂缝活动对衬砌结构的影响及破坏作用,从适应地裂缝变形、预防衬砌结构破坏和道床变形调控等方面,探讨了地基处理措施、结构加强措施、道床结构措施,阐述了西安地铁2号线通过地裂缝时地铁隧道建设的应对措施。目前,确立的“放”与“防”的设计指导思想是西安地铁隧道穿越地裂缝设计方案进一步完善和深入研究的基础 相似文献