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东南沿海前汛期与后汛期降水的比较分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
本文通过对东南沿海前汛期降水与后汛期降水的多年气候变化及500hPa环流场和北太平洋海温场对比分析发现:前汛期降水与后汛期降水在年代际变化上差异明显。前汛期降水逐年变化幅度小,大旱、大涝年少;后汛期降水逐年变化幅度大,大旱、大涝年多。前汛期降水与后汛期降水的大旱、大涝年环流形势场和海温场均存在明显差异。在与北半球500hPa高度场和北太平洋海温场的相关分布上,表现出基本相反的分布类型。计算分析还发现,前期8～9月和冬季1～2月北半球副高,尤其是太平洋副高与前汛期降水相关尚好。前期1月赤道洋流区中部海域的海温,对前汛期降水均有较好的预测指示意义。前期2月北大西洋涛动和黑潮区以东至太平洋中部海域的海温对后汛期降水具有较好的预测指示意义。 相似文献
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利用1951-2008年海口降水量资料和北半球500 hPa高度及相关环流特征指数资料,北太平洋海温及相关NINO区海温特征指数资料,分析了海口秋汛期(9-10月)旱涝的气候特征及其与500 hPa高度场、北太平洋海温场和相关特征指数的关系.结果发现:海口秋汛期(9-10月)降水年际变化大,旱涝年代际变化特征明显;北半... 相似文献
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本文从 500百帕高度场、海平面气压场及北太平洋表层海温场对西太平洋部分岛屿10月降水多寡的成因进行了分析。分析表明:该区10月降水多雨年与少雨年在高度场、气压场、海温场上均存有明显差异,其关键区2、8月高度、气压、海温距平和对该区10月降水均有较好的指示性,8月份北赤道西部海流区海温与10月降水也具有较好的相关关系。统计还指出,影响关键区高度、气压和海温变化进而导致10月降水的多寡与西北太平洋海面上的气旋活动有关。 相似文献
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本文利用1951～1987年286个网格点太平洋月平均海温场及500hPa月平均位势高度场,分析了春季西北太平洋（不含南海）热带气旋与海温场和大气环流的关系。结果表明:前期太平洋海温场与春季热带气旋生成数有显著的相关,并以前一年夏季和前期冬季更为明显。影响春季热带气旋生成的太平洋海温场主要有两个关键区,一个位于赤道东太平洋,为负相关:一个位于北太平洋中部,为正相关。文中还从海温对大气环流影响的角度出发,分析了春季热带气旋活动特多年与特少年前期及同期500hPa大气环流的特征及两者之间的差异。最后利用逐步回归方法作了春季西北太平洋热带气旋长期趋势预报。 相似文献
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利用1951-2008年全国160站盛夏(7-8月)气温和降水资料、北半球500hPa高度场和北太平洋海温场资料及相关环流特征指数资料,分析了盛夏(7-8月)西太平洋副高东西位置异常变化对我国气候的影响及其与北半球500hPa大气环流和北太平洋海温的关系.发现:盛夏副高东西位置异常偏西年主要集中出现在上世纪90年代和60年代,异常偏东年则集中出现在80年代、70年代和90年代.盛夏副高东西位置与长江流域及其以南地区气温存在着很好的负相关关系,与长江流域及其以北地区降水表现为负相关,与江南和华南地区降水表现为正相关.盛夏副高东西位置异常变化与北半球大范围环流形势调整相联系;前期春季(4-5月)北半球各副高单体强度变化,对盛夏副高东西位置变化具有很好的预测指示性.前期9-3月NINO4区和NINO3区海温,尤其是前期3月NINO4区海温,前期1月NINO3区海温对盛夏副高东西位置异常变化也具有很好的指示意义. 相似文献
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气候变化背景下山东盛夏降水异常成因及预测研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用山东省26站降水资料、NCAR/NCEP再分析资料和NOAA海表温度资料,分析了山东盛夏降水变化特征,异常成因以及与前期全球海温的关系。结果显示,山东盛夏降水具有明显的年代际变化特征,且存在6a左右的周期,与500hPa高度场WP遥相关型关系密切;影响山东盛夏降水的前期冬季海温主要位于太平洋南美洲以西、大西洋墨西哥湾海域。利用上述海域海温建立预测模型能够很好的预测出山东盛夏降水的变化趋势,对山东盛夏降水预测有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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本文首先讨论了冰岛低压对西欧地区天气的影响,而后就冰岛低压与海平面气压场、500hpa高度场的关系问题作了分析。结果发现:冰岛低压强弱变化对西欧地区的气温高低及西欧西部沿海地区降水多寡影响显著。冰岛低压强弱变化还直接与大西洋──欧州西风环流及500hPa北大西洋高压脊和欧州低压槽强度有联系。最后还对冬季冰岛低压的预报问题进行探讨,指出了前期春季各月份一些大型环流系统及关键区高度对后期冰岛低压的预报指示性。 相似文献
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广西四季温度气候变化与同期海温场异常的关系及预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用奇异值分解(SVD)分析广西春(3～5月)、夏(6～8月)、秋(9～11月)和冬(12～2月)四季气温变化与同期北太平洋海温场异常的关系。研究表明:广西各季气温气候变化与同期北太平洋海温场具有较好的相关性,相关性显著区域主要是Nino区、黑潮区和太平洋中东部的夏威夷海区。广西春季、冬季气温与Nino区、黑潮区海表温度异常表现显著的正相关,与夏威夷海表温度异常呈反相关;夏季气温与北太平洋海表温度呈正相关;秋季与黑潮区、亲潮区呈正相关,与Nino区呈反相关。在均生函数预报模型的基础上,提出了均生函数残差模型。实验结果表明,残差模型在拟合效果和预测实验比均生函数预报模型理想,为气候预报提供了一种较为理想而有用的方法。 相似文献
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福建春季降水量场预测模型研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1960—2000年福建春季(2—4月)降水量场资料，分析了经验正交函数(EOF)展开得出的特征向量，以反映降水的空间分布特征。研究了前三种分布型的时间系数与前期北半球500hPa、100hPa月高度距平场和北太平洋海温距平场之间的关系，针对不同的分布型分别找出了不同的前期预测信号，以此为预测因子，构建出福建春季降水量场短期气候预测模型。利用该模型对2001、2002年福建春季降水量场进行试预测，取得了较满意的结果。 相似文献
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Size-fractionated uranium isotopes in surface waters in the Jiulong Estuary in China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
L&#; E ZHANG Lei CHEN Min QIU Yusheng XING N YANG Weifeng LI Yanping HUANG Yipu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(1):29-41
Surface water was collected from the Jiulong Estuary for determination of activity concentrations of uranium isotopes in different size fractions, namely, greater than 53, 10 -53, 2 - 10, 0.4 -2 μm, 10 000 u -0.4 μm and less than 10 000 u fractions by microfihration and cross-flow uhrafiltration technologies. Results indicated that most of the dissolved uranium （ 〈 0.4 μm） exis- ted in the low molecular mass fraction （ 〈 10 000 u）, and the colloidal uranium-238 （10 000 u -0.4 μm） only contributed less than 1% of the dissolved uranium-238. The fractions of colloidal uranium in the dissolved phases decreased with the increasing sa- linity. A positive linear relationship between uranium-238 activities and salinities was observed for the dissolved, colloidal and low molecular mass fractions, indicating a conservative behavior of uranium in the Jiulong Estuary. In the particulate phases （ 〉 0.4 μm）, the partitioning of uranium isotopes among different size fractions was controlled by the partitioning of particle concentrations. In the regions with salinities below 20, the partitioning of uranium-238 among different size fractions was as follows： 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm 〉 0.4 - 2 μm greater than above 53 μm. However, the order at the offshore station with salinities above 30 changed as follows ： 0.4 - 2 μm 〉 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm greater than above 53 μm. The fraction of the 0.4 - 2 μm particles increased at the offshore station, suggesting the increased contribution of the authigenic uranium. The activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phases, including the low molecular mass fraction and the colloidal fraction, was larger than unity, showing the occurrence of excess uranium-234. In contrast, the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in all size fractions of the particulate phase was close to the equilibrium value （1.0）. The observed different values of the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phase and the partic 相似文献
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JIN Xianglong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(12):1-3
In China submarine geosciences represents a newly established discipline of oceanography, focusing on the oceanic lithosphere, and its interface with the hydrosphere and biosphere. Recently, supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program and other high-tech development projects, significant progress has been made in the development of advanced technologies and equipment. This en- ables the scientists in China to carry out explorations of the international seabed area in the Pacific Ocean and on the Southwest Indian Ridge. In addition, they have been active in the research activities associated the mid-ocean ridges and western Pacific marginal seas. It is anticipated that this research field will continue to be highly fruitful in the near future. 相似文献
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湄洲湾夏季的初级生产力 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
湄洲湾１９９２年夏季的叶绿素ａ，三磷酸腺苷，碳比积累速率，初级生产力的变化范围和均值分别为０．４５－４．７２，１．４９ｍｇ／ｍ＾３；０．１２－１．０７，０．３１μｇ／ｄｍ＾３；０．０６－０．５８，０．３４ｄ＾－１；０．０７－０．３４，０．２１ｍ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）。叶绿素ａ与三磷酸腺苷之间。初级生产力与碳比积累速率之间均呈正相关关系。叶绿素ａ三磷本能腺苷的比值为４．８，湄洲湾夏季浮游植物的生长受氮不足 相似文献
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In order to investigate factors controlling nutrient cycling in the shallow and turbid coastal ecosystem of Galveston Bay, data from: (1) the Texas Water Commission (TWC) database 1980–1989, and (2) salinity transects in 1989 and 1993 are presented and analyzed. Statistical regression and time-series analysis were carried out on data acquired by TWC between 1980 and 1989, in an attempt to establish seasonally of nutrient and chlorophyll-a (chl.-a.) concentrations in the bay and to determine factors which regulate these concentrations.A strong seasonality was found for phosphorus and chl.-a. in the upper and mid-bay stations. A recurring maximum for phosphate occurred in September and a chl.-a. maximum occurred regularly in March–April. It is hypothesized that benthic regeneration of phosphorus at the end of summer is responsible for the phosphate maximum. The inverse correlation of the partition coefficient (Kd) for phosphate with the concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM), coupled to a strong enrichment of phosphate in suspended particles at low SPM concentrations, indicates additional control by geochemical and physical processes such as particle sorting and/or particle-colloid interactions. Nitrate is inversely correlated with salinity at the upper and mid-bay stations, indicating the Trinity River is a major source.Nutrient concentrations in the lower bay (East and West Bay stations) are considerably lower and less predictable, as they are not correlated with salinity or temperature. Data from the 1989 and 1993 transects confirm the yearly maximum in phosphate concentration in late summer months, with peak concentrations in the upper Trinity Bay. It is concluded that despite possible phosphate buffering by physical and geochemical mechanisms, relatively large concentration maxima recur regularly every year during the summer, possibly caused by a benthic source of phosphate. 相似文献
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中国科学院海洋研究所建所70年来，在海洋贝类分类学研究领域取得了长足发展与进步，做出一系列开创性研究成果。本文综述了建所以来我所海洋腹足类分类学研究方面的主要进展，概述了取得的主要科研成果，分析了现代腹足类分类学研究的发展趋势以及面临的挑战，并对今后的发展提出了相应对策和建议。 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》1999,46(8):1391-1415
The biomass, species and chemical composition of the mesozooplankton and their impact on lower food levels were estimated along a transect across the Arctic Ocean. Mesozooplankton biomass in the upper 200 m of the water column was significantly higher (19–42 mg DW m-3) than has previously been reported for the Arctic Ocean, and it reached a maximum at ca. 87°N in the Amundsen Basin. The lowest values were recorded in the Chukchi Sea and Nansen Basin, where ice cover was lower (50–80%) than in the central Arctic Ocean. In the deeper strata (200–500 m) of the Canadian and Eurasian Basins, the biomass was always much lower (4.35–16.44 mg DW m-3). The C/N (g/g) ratio for the mesozooplankton population was high (6.5–8.5) but within the documented range. These high values (when compared to 4.5 at lower latitudes) may be explained by the high lipid content. Mesozooplankton accounted for approximately 40% of the total particulate organic carbon in the upper 100 m of the water column. Mesozooplankton species composition was homogeneous along the transect, consisting mainly of copepods (70–90% of the total number). It was dominated by four large copepod species (Calanus hyperboreus, C. glacialis, C. finmarchicus and Metridia longa), which together accounted for more than 80% of the total biomass. According to measurements of gut pigment and gut turnover rates, the mesozooplankton on average ingested between 6 and 30% of their body carbon per day as phytoplankton. Microzooplankton may have provided an additional source of energy for the mesozooplankton community. These data emphasize the importance of mesozooplankton in the arctic food web and reinforce the idea that the Arctic Ocean should no longer be considered to be a “biological desert”. 相似文献
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