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新疆北部地区上古生界火山岩分布及其构造环境 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
新疆北部地区石炭系火山岩主要发育于石炭纪-早二叠世由洋盆向陆内盆地转换阶段,发育碰撞与碰撞后伸展期两类构造环境火山岩; 围绕造山带构成西准噶尔、东准噶尔、准南三大岩区; 石炭系主要发育玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩-流纹岩组合,二叠系主要发育玄武岩-安山岩-流纹岩组合。下石炭统多表现为碰撞期活动陆缘构造环境海相中基性火山岩,上石炭统表现为被动陆缘海陆过渡相钙碱性系列中酸性火山岩; 下二叠统表现为陆相偏碱性中基性、中酸性火山岩。西准噶尔石炭系火山岩为一套海陆交互相中基性火山岩组合,具汇聚岛弧过渡壳特点。东准噶尔石炭系火山岩为一套基性、中酸性岩石组合,具早期岛弧挤压、晚期板内伸展环境特征; 准南博格达山前表现为典型裂谷环境火山岩。二叠系火山岩均为碰撞期后板内伸展构造环境,主要分布于西准噶尔岩区; 表现为东准卡拉麦里残留洋最先闭合隆升,西准达尔布特残留洋随后闭合,最后是北天山洋关闭构造演化次序。新疆北部地区上古生界石炭系-下二叠统火山岩油气成藏多遵循“源控论”,主要围绕石炭系与下二叠统烃源岩发育区、有效生烃中心于构造高部位成藏,晚石炭世伸展裂陷应为有利勘探领域。 相似文献
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J. BARRY MAYNARD 《Sedimentology》1984,31(4):493-501
Microprobe analysis of plagioclase in deep-sea sands from various tectonic settings gives averages ranging from 19% An for trailing-edge continental margins to 56% An for basins on the ocean side of an island arc. For each setting except island arcs, anomalously high amounts of pure albite are found. These albitic grains may be recycled from pre-existing sedimentary rocks. Potassium-rich plagioclase, thought to be indicative of a volcanic provenance, is less abundant than would be expected from the proportion of volcanic rock fragments. Perhaps such high-K plagioclases are less resistant to weathering than low-K plagioclase. 相似文献
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Luis A. Spalletti Ignasi Queralt Sergio D. Matheos Ferrn Colombo Jorge Maggi 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2008,25(4):440-463
The Upper Jurassic Tordillo Formation is exposed along the western edge of the Neuquén Basin (west central Argentina) and consists of fluvial strata deposited under arid/semiarid conditions. The pebble composition of conglomerates, mineralogical composition of sandstones and pelitic rocks, and major- and trace-element geochemistry of sandstones, mudstones, and primary pyroclastic deposits are evaluated to determine the provenance and tectonic setting of the sedimentary basin. Conglomerates and sandstones derived almost exclusively from volcanic sources. The stratigraphic sections to the south show a clast population of conglomerates dominated by silicic volcanic fragments and a predominance of feldspathic litharenites. This framework composition records erosion of Triassic–Jurassic synrift volcaniclastic rocks and basement rocks from the Huincul arch, which was exhumed as a result of Late Jurassic inversion. In the northwestern part of the study area, conglomerates show a large proportion of mafic and acidic volcanic rock fragments, and sandstones are characterised by a high content of mafic volcanic rock fragments and plagioclase. These data suggest that the source of the sandstones and conglomerates was primarily the Andean magmatic arc, located west of the Neuquén Basin. The clay mineral assemblage is interpreted as the result of a complex set of factors, including source rock, climate, transport, and diagenesis. Postdepositional processes produced significant variations in the original compositions, especially the fine-grained deposits. The Tordillo sediments are characterised by moderate SiO2 contents, variable abundances of K2O and Na2O, and a relatively high proportion of ferromagnesian elements. The degree of chemical weathering in the source area, expressed as the chemical index of alteration, is low to moderate. The major element geochemistry and Th/Sc, K/Rb, Co/Th, La/Sc, and Cr/Th values point to a significant input of detrital volcanic material of calcalkaline felsic and intermediate composition. However, major element geochemistry is not useful for interpreting the tectonic setting. Discrimination plots based on immobile trace elements, such as Ti, Zr, La, Sc, and Th, show that most data lie in the active continental margin field. Geochemical information is not sufficiently sensitive to differentiate the two different source areas recognized by petrographic and modal analyses of conglomerates and sandstones. 相似文献
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P. E. Potter 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1994,83(1):212-232
Standard petrographic methods were used to study 604 modern sands from South America, of which 351 came from rivers and 253 from beaches. In spite of the wide geomorphic contrasts, these sands belong to only three great families: (1) an immature Andean family of lithic arenites rich in volcanic and metamorphic grains that covers about 30% of South America; (2) a cratonic association rich in quartz that covers about 62% of the continent; and (3) a transitional, molasse association, which occurs between these two and covers only about 8% of the continent. The grand arithmetic average Q:F: Rf ratio for the entire continent is 60:11:29 and the area-weighted, carbonate-free average Qa:Fa:Rfa is 68:10:22, a superior continental estimate, and the first ever for an entire continent.Rock fragments are the most informative of all the provenance indicators and in South America they range from tropical alterites of the cratonic family through the dominant volcanic and metamorphic grains of the Andean family to biogenic carbonate in beach sands. Carbonate grains are almost totally absent in modern South American rivers because of present day tropical weathering and a long geological evolution that has favored sand production. They are present in many of the beach sands, however, and are most abundant along the tropical Brazilian and Caribbean coasts. Metamorphic grains rival volcanics as earmarks of the Andean family and survive tropical weathering far better than volcanic grains.There is a strong association between continental soil types and the composition of river sand, but the ultimate controls are tectonic history — the ancient landscapes preserved on the Gondwana shields of South America versus the tectonically young landscapes of the Andes — and climate. Climate can either cause leaks to a far distant ocean where weathering is retarded by aridity or it can serve as a barrier to continental sand dispersion, where tropical weathering eliminates unstable grains in transit to the sea.When provenance studies are conducted across an entire, unglaciated continent, events in the far distant past need to be considered when seeking fundamental explanations of its contemporary, surficial sands. 相似文献
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南祁连盆地在晚三叠世时期处于陆相沉积,上三叠统阿塔寺组碎屑岩十分发育。盆地三叠系砂岩的岩性及岩相特征与二叠系非常相似,但是源岩构造背景、物质组成及物质来源与二叠系有所差异。根据地球化学主量元素、微量元素分析结果,上三叠统阿塔寺组源岩构造背景活动性较强,以活动性较强的大陆岛弧及活动大陆边缘为主,源岩物质组成以长英质火成岩为主。结合区域地质构造背景判断,南祁连盆地上三叠统阿塔寺组沉积物源区以北物源为主,以南物源为辅,中祁连的前震旦系及下古生界变质结晶岩系及花岗岩为其主要物源。 相似文献
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Empirical correlations between plate tectonic setting and sand/sandstone composition have been the basis for large scale petrological models. These models do not explicitly treat sampling scale. Four areas from the western USA with diverse tectonic settings and rock types provide a natural laboratory for sampling sand at three different scales: talus piles to small drainages (first order), streams and rivers draining mountain ranges (second order), and large rivers and marine environments (third order). Existing plate tectonic petrofacies models should only be applied to third order settings because the data were derived from studies of such settings. This is especially true in tectonic settings with diverse source rocks (e.g. continental rifts and transform settings). On the other hand, some settings, such as active magmatic arcs and foreland fold-thrust belts, provide uniform results at any sampling scale because of homogeneity of source rocks. The Rio Grande drainage area is especially complex, with diverse igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary source areas. Some components (e.g. basalt) are destroyed with minimal transport, whereas others (e.g. quartz) are relatively enriched with greater transport. In this complex continental rift setting, first and second order sand is diverse and heterogeneous due to input from tributaries. The Santa Clara River of southern California also has heterogeneous sand due to diverse source rocks in this transform setting. It is only after considerable homogenization and stabilization due to weathering and mixing with more stable components, and/or considerable transport, that homogeneous compositions are produced in these two settings. In contrast, the Cascade magmatic arc and the Canadian Rocky Mountain fold-thrust belt have uniform source rocks (dominantly volcanic in the former and dominantly sedimentary in the latter). Uniform sand composition that is unique to each of these tectonic settings results at any sampling scale in these two cases. Uniformity of data collection and analysis is essential for reproducible results. Use of the Gazzi-Dickinson point counting method allows direct comparison among source rocks (zero order samples), modern sand of any order and ancient sandstone of unknown provenance. Lack of recognition of the effect of sampling scale in the development of actualistic petrofacies models has led to incorrect rejection of many existing models. Third order sands are excellent predictors of plate tectonic setting, but first and second order sands can provide ambiguous plate tectonic interpretations in many settings. More complex actualistic petrofacies models based on diverse sampling scales are needed. 相似文献
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S. M. Moosavirad M. R. Janardhana M. S. Sethumadhav K. N. Prakash Narasimha 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2012,79(5):483-496
Lower Jurassic sandstones of Shemshak Formation of Kerman basin, central Iran were analyzed for major and select trace elements to infer their provenance, palaeoweathering of source rocks and tectonic setting. Average modal framework components (Qt: F: L= 67.25: 2.41: 30.48) and chemical composition of the sandstones classify them as litharenites. The sandstones are quartz-rich (～ 67% quartz; 75.34 wt.% SiO2) and derived from a recycled orogen composed of quartzose sedimentary rocks. Average CIA, PIA and CIW values (69%, 76% and 80%, respectively) indicate moderate to intense chemical weathering of the source material. The inferred index of weathering/alteration is the sum total of intensities of weathering witnessed by the lithocomponents during atleast two cycles of sedimentation involving (1) chemical weathering of the source rocks («ultimate» granodiorite source and «proximal» quartzose sedimentary source), (2) chemical weathering during fluvial transport of the detritus, (3) chemical weathering of the detritus in depocenters, and (4) chemical weathering during diagenesis. Sandstones exhibit moderate maturity and were deposited under humid climatic conditions. Plots of the chemical analyses data on tectonic setting discrimination diagrams indicate active continental margin setting, which is in agreement with the tectonic evolutionary history of the Central Iran during Jurassic period. 相似文献
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碧口群不同岩片火山岩微量元素组成差异与古构造意义 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
对碧口群内部大茅坪和筏子坝2个岩片变火山岩微量元素的研究表明,二者在岩石组合、源区组成及产出的构造环境等方面均存在系统差异。大茅坪岩片主要由偏碱性与非碱性的玄武质岩石组成,二者分别具有类似OIB和MORB的微量元素组成,起源于相对富集和相对亏损的地幔,并受到陆源物质不同程度的混染。偏碱性与非碱性的玄武质岩石分别显示板内火山岩（WPB）与洋脊玄武岩（MORB）的属性,表明大茅坪岩片火山岩主要形成于裂谷－有限洋盆环境。筏子坝岩片由玄武质与中酸性火山岩组成,岩石化学显示明显的“双峰式”组成特征,二者分别具有类似MORB和壳源岩石的微量元素组成,为亏损地幔与壳源岩石部分熔融的产物,形成于大陆裂谷环境。根据不同火山岩构造属性及组合特征,推断碧口群主要形成于陆内裂谷－有限洋盆构造环境。 相似文献
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Detrital mode, composition of feldspars and heavy minerals, and major element chemistry of sandstones from the Permo-Triassic succession in the intracratonic Satpura Gondwana basin, central India have been used to investigate provenance. The Talchir Formation, the lowermost unit of the succession, comprises glacio-marine and glacio-fluvial deposits. The rest of the succession (base to top) comprising the Barakar, Motur, Bijori, Pachmarhi and Denwa formations, largely represent variety of fluvial depositional systems with minor fluvio-deltaic and fluvio-lacustrine sedimentation under a variety of climatic conditions including cold, warm, arid, sub-humid and semi-arid. QFL compositions of the sandstones indicate a predominantly continental block provenance and stable cratonic to fault-bounded basement uplift tectonic setting. Compositional maturity of sandstones gradually increases upwards from the Early Permian Talchir to the Middle Triassic Denwa but is punctuated by a sharp peak of increased maturity in the Barakar sandstones. This temporal change in maturity was primarily controlled by temporal variation in fault-induced basement uplift in the craton and was also influenced by climatic factors. Plots of different quartz types suggest plutonic source rocks for the Talchir sandstones and medium-to high-rank metamorphic plus plutonic source rocks for the younger sandstones. Composition of alkali feldspars in the Permo-Triassic sandstones and in different Precambrian rocks suggests sediment derivation from felsic igneous and metasedimentary rocks. Compositions of plagioclase in the Talchir and Bijori sandstones are comparable with those of granite, acid volcanic and metasedimentary rocks of the Precambrian basement suggesting the latter as possible source. Rare presence of high-K plagioclase in the Talchir sandstones, however, indicates minor contribution from volcanic source rock. Exclusively plagioclase-bearing metasedimentary rock, tonalite gneiss and mafic rocks are the probable sources of plagioclase in the Upper Denwa sandstones. Quartz-rich nature of the sandstones, predominance of K-feldspar over plagioclase and albite rich character of plagioclase in the sandstones is consistent with deposition in an intracratonic, pull-apart basin like the Satpura Gondwana basin. Composition of garnet and its comparison with that from the Precambrian basement rocks suggests mica-schist and amphibolite as possible sources. Predominance of dravite variety of tourmaline in the Permian sandstones suggests sediment supply from metasedimentary rocks. Presence of both dravite and schorl variety of tourmaline in subequal amount in the Triassic sandstones indicates sediment derivation from granitic and metasedimentary rocks. However, schorl-bearing rocks are absent in the basement complex of the study area. A-CN-K plot suggests granites, acid volcanic rock and meta-sediments of the basement as possible sources of the Talchir sandstones and metasedimentary rocks for the Barakar to Pachmarhi sandstones. The Denwa sandstones were possibly derived from K-feldspar-free, plagioclase-bearing metasediments, mafic rocks and tonalite gneiss. Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) values suggest low intensity source rock weathering for the Talchir sandstones and higher intensity source rock weathering for the others. Various bivariate plots of major oxides composition of the sandstones suggest passive to active continental margin setting and even arc tectonic setting for a few samples. 相似文献
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西乌珠穆沁旗地区下二叠统寿山沟组泥岩为大兴安岭中南段发育的较好烃源岩.通过对寿山沟组泥岩中的主量、微量、稀土元素特征的分析,深入剖析了寿山沟组的物源、构造背景及其风化作用.岩石样品ICV值分布于1.15～1.57,平均值为1.33,认为样品基本未受到二次成岩作用影响.通过A－CN－K三角图判断寿山沟组泥岩受到一定的钾交代作用,经过校正得到CIAcorr值为54.28～70.06,平均值为65.33,表明物源区经历了初等—中等的化学风化作用.通过主量－微量元素多变量物源区环境分析,认为寿山沟组泥质沉积物主要来源于长英质物源区,且混有少量铁镁质火山岩源区物质,其构造背景为大陆岛弧.综合分析认为,大兴安岭中南段下二叠统寿山沟组泥岩的沉积特征归因于古亚洲洋二叠纪初期洋壳的俯冲作用. 相似文献
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The characteristics of source rocks and weathering of Palaeoproterozoic phyllitic rock of Mahakoshal Group and Mesoproterozoic shales and siliciclastics of Vindhyan Supergroup exposed in Son Valley, Central India have been investigated by analyzing their chemical compositions. The investigations pertaining to the relationship between major-elements were carried out along Parshoi, Chitrangi, and Markundi areas of Son valley, Central, India. The studied rock strata have been classified into three categories namely phyllitic rocks, shales and sandstone.The A-CN-K ternary diagram, CIW, CIA, MIA, and ICV values indicate about the similar provenance or source rocks subjected to severe chemical weathering, under dry and hot-humid climates in a basic and acidic environment with changing lower to higher PCO2 of continental flora. Various geochemical discriminantts diagrams, elemental ratios suggest that rocks are derived from post-Archaean-Proterozoic igneous source. The igneous source was mainly granite with a minor contribution of granodioritic rock, in a passive margin setting. The sediments responsible for formation of shale and sandstones were most likely deposited in the interglacial period in between the Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic glacial times. Compositionally the sandstones is distinctive of cratonic environments with their passive continental margin setting. However, the phyllities of Mahakoshal Group suggests their formation under lower weathering conditions in dry climatic conditions which were operating on more intermediate to basic igneous rocks with abundance of mafic minerals. 相似文献
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Tertiary sandstones collected from southwest Sarawak, Malaysia, were analyzed to decipher their provenance, weathering, and tectonic setting. The studied sandstones have a sublitharenite composition and are dominantly composed quartz with little mica and feldspar, and a small amount of volcanic fragments. These sandstones were generally derived from quartz-rich recycled orogenic sources. They have relatively high SiO2 content with low Na2O, CaO, MnO, and MgO contents. Values of Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) of these rock samples vary from 71 to 93, with an average of 81, implying intense chemical alteration during weathering. A felsic igneous source is suggested by a low concentration of TiO2 compared to CIA, enrichment of Light Rare Earth Elements, depletion of Heavy Rare Earth Elements, and negative Eu anomalies. A felsic origin is further supported by a Eu/Eu* range of 0.65–0.85 and high Th/Sc, La/Sc, La/Co, and Th/Co ratios. This work presents the first reported geochemical data of Tertiary sandstones of the Sarawak Basin. These data led us to conclude that the sandstones were dislodged from recycled orogenic sources and deposited in a slowly subsiding rifted basin in a passive continental tectonic setting. 相似文献
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Major,trace and rare earth element(REE) concentrations of Late Triassic sediments(finegrained sandstones and mudstones) from Hongcan Well 1 in the NE part of the Songpan-Ganzi Basin, western China,are used to reveal weathering,provenance and tectonic setting of inferred source areas. The Chemical Index of Alteration(CIA) reflects a low to moderate degree of chemical weathering in a cool and somewhat dry climate,and an A-CN-K plot suggests an older upper continental crust provenance dominated by felsic to intermediate igneous rocks of average tonalite composition.Based on the various geochemical tectonic setting discrimination diagrams,the Late Triassic sediments are inferred to have been deposited in a back-arc basin situated between an active continental margin(the Kunlun-Qinling Fold Belt) and a continental island arc(the Yidun Island Arc).The Triassic sediments in the study area underwent a rapid erosion and burial in a proximal slope-basin environment by the petrographic data. while the published flow directions of Triassic lurbidites in the Aba-Zoige region was not supported Yidun volcanic arc source.Therefore,we suggest that the Kunlun-Qinling tcrrane is most likely to have supplied source materials to the northeast part of the Songpan-Ganzi Basin during the Late Triassic. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(9):50-58
Sediments cored from the Romanche Deep in the Atlantic Ocean consist of globigerina mud containing foraminifer fragments; red clay with interbedded sand lenses; sands composed of plagioclase, pyroxene, quartz, serpentine, olivine, chlorite, and other minerals; and a "detrital globigerina ooze." Mineralogic and paleontologic examination indicate that the need for a continental source and extended horizontal transportation in suspension streams may be exaggerated. Although the theory that these deep-sea sands are products of continental weathering deposited in the deep after some thousands of kilometers of horizontal transportation and that suspension streams play an important role as the agent of transportation, redeposition, and configuration of the deep-sea sediments, it is possible that the sands in the Romanche Deep were derived, at least in part, from the Middle Atlantic Ridge. Therefore, deep-sea sands can provide valuable information on the composition of the submarine ridge and the mechanism of tectonic movement. --G. E. Denegar. 相似文献
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Provenance and tectonic history of the Jurassic accretionary complex, Mino terrane, located in the Inner Zone of south‐west Japan, were studied using sandstone framework composition and mudrock geochemistry. Modal analysis of sandstones shows that the tectonic setting of the source area for the studied Mino terrane clastic rocks was uplifted basement, largely dominated by high‐grade metamorphic terrain composed of quartz and feldspar, especially plagioclase. The textural and mineralogical immaturity, extent of alkali and alkaline earth element leaching, low chemical index of alteration values and depleted rare earth element (REE) contents suggest rapid uplift and erosion within the source terrain and a relatively weak weathering intensity. Factor analysis revealed that grain‐size effects governed compositional heterogeneity in the studied sediments. Provenance of the sediments is interpreted as being plagioclase‐enriched felsic basement rock, such as granodiorite, within a continental margin and evolved arc tectonic setting rather than active volcanic arc. Lack of a contribution from active volcanic arcs may have resulted from the cessation of volcanism during the reorganization of the subducting plate system and/or erosion of arc volcanics and exposure of basement. Considering the previous studies on palaeogeography and palaeocurrent reconstruction, the north‐eastern part of the Yeongnam massif in the Korean Peninsula is interpreted as the most probable source area for the studied turbidites. The results of mixing calculation for Mino terrane sediments suggest that Precambrian leucocratic granite and the basement rock of the Cretaceous Gyeongsang Basin shed large amounts of sediments to the Mino trench, whilst Precambrian granitic gneiss and the Triassic pluton supplied lesser amounts. The results of this study reveal that, although active subduction–accretion processes were occurring, the Mino trench was bordered by continental basement rocks. This knowledge contributes to enhanced understanding of the Jurassic palaeogeography of the east Asia continental margin. 相似文献
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苏北盆地高邮凹陷所经历的风化作用以物理风化为主,化学风化程度很弱。其中南部陡坡带的大部分地区所经历化学风化程度相对北部缓坡带较强,说明古气候条件更为温暖潮湿;北部缓坡带及黄珏、邵伯地区所经历的物理风化作用相对较强且差异较大,说明曾经历较强的构造运动。研究区源岩主要为长英质物质和再旋回沉积物质,受中基性物质的影响较小。高邮凹陷边缘及吴堡低凸起附近地区戴一段下部地层具有下伏阜宁组地层的海相地化特征,因此研究区物源中可能有较多部分来自基底母岩被剥蚀和再旋回沉积的产物。地化数据反映研究区构造背景为安第斯型活动大陆边缘,由于地史及动力学机制的差异,其构造背景有别于东太平洋典型的安第斯型活动大陆边缘,可反映我国东部大陆边缘特殊的地体构造特征。 相似文献
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