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1.
本文在室内模拟自然水温研究了东湖透明薄皮溞(Leptodora Kindti)对优势枝角类短尾秀体溞(Diaphanosoma brachyurum)和微型裸腹溞(Moina micrura)的捕食效率。实验结果表明,在17℃和21℃时透明薄皮溞对短尾秀体溞的捕食率系数(predation rate coefficient)或称滤过率(clearance rate)分别为15.9和18.2mL predator~(-1)day~(-1)。17℃时透明薄皮溞对微型裸腹溞的捕食率系数为30.1mL predator~(-1)day~(-1)。不同的猎物密度对捕食率系数亦有影响。在17℃,当猎物密度从200ind mL~(-1)增为800ind mL~(-1)时,透明薄皮溞对裸腹溞的捕食率系数则从30.1mL predator~(-1)day~(-1)下降为15.1mL predator~(-1)day~(-1),对短尾秀体溞的捕食率系数亦从15.9mL predator~(-1)day~(-1)降为7.8mL predator~(-1)day~(-1)。 相似文献
2.
于 1996年在实验室对多刺探腹溞(Mbina macrocopa)种群的增长率及相关生态学参数进行了研究.结果表明,3个温度梯度(24、28和32℃)和3个面包酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisi-ae)密度(0.25、2 5和25 x 106cell.mL-1下,以28℃时内禀增长力(rm)最高;28℃时,面包酵母的投喂密度为25×106cell.mL-1时,其rm最大.温度28℃,面包酵母密度为25×106cell.mL-1时,该溞的繁殖前期最短,繁殖期和寿命均最长,并且怀卵量(每窝产仔数)最大.该溞的种群密度和瞬时增长率分别在接种后第7d和第3-4d达高峰.该搔批量培养时采收时间以第5d为宜. 相似文献
3.
广东省水库枝角类组成特征的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
于2000年丰水期和枯水期调查了广东省19座典型大中型水库枝角类,随后对其中3座代表性水库进行了4年的枝角类种类定性调查.在鉴定出的枝角类16属24种中有13个广温种、7个嗜暖种、3个嗜寒种和1个特有种;每个水库的平均种类数5-6种.从个体大小来看,水库枝角类以小个体种类为主,有14种的体长小、于1 mm,它们分布广且数量多,其中优势种主要为长额象鼻溞、秀体溞、微型裸腹溞、颈沟基合溞和角突网纹溞等.透明溞和透明薄皮溞是主要的大个体种类,出现在4座贫、中营养水库的水样中.水库枝角类的丰度较低,在丰水期,平均丰度小于10 ind./L和10-20 ind./L的水库分别为14座和5座,在枯水期,为12座和5座,而高州水库和河溪水库中的平均丰度达67ind./L.主要优势种在不同营养类型水库中分布差别不大.枝角类的丰度受水力滞留时间影响,直流型水库的枝角类种群丰度的分布明显受到水流速度的影响,湖泊区枝角类个体及其食物均随水库放水输出而减少.由于采样点主要位于大坝附近,枝角类以敞水区的种类为主.从种类组成和数量来看,广东省水库枝角类具有明显的热带特点,枝角类的生物量小,以个体较小的种类优势种,大型种类的个体数量极低且身体透明. 相似文献
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本文报道了东湖大型肉食性枝角类——透明薄皮溞（Leptodora kindti）种群的周年变动昼夜垂直迁移及体长-体重回归方程。在I站1984年的高峰出现在8月, 1985年出现在7月, 数量分别为1.775和0.313 ind./L;且站均出现在9月, 数量分别为1.214和1.547 ind./L。透明薄皮溞有明显的昼夜垂直移动现象, 衣层的数量变动更明显, 通常以日出及日落前后1小时, 衣层数量最多, 用直接测重法测定了不同体长组的湿重、干重, 经统计处理获得了各自的回归方程。 相似文献
5.
太湖贡湖湾鲚(Coilia ectenes taihuensis Yen et Lin)食物组成的季节变化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
鲚(Coilia ectenes taihuensis Yen et Lin)是太湖主要的鱼类之一,其产量随水体富营养化程度的加重呈上升趋势.本研究于2009年4-12月用刺网(a=10 mm)在太湖贡湖湾采集了鲚,分析了其胃含物中食物组成的季节变化以及鲚对食物种类的选择性.结果表明,鲚在各月中主要以浮游动物为食,同时也摄食幼鱼、幼虾和水生昆虫等.鲚的食物组成具有明显季节变化,4月份以桡足类为食,其中桡足幼体、汤匙华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus dorrii Brehm)和剑水蚤(Cyclops spp.)所占的平均个数百分比相当;6、8和10月份主要以枝角类为食,其中6月以裸腹溞(Moina spp.)为主,而8和10月以象鼻溞(Bosmina spp.)为主.食物选择性方面,鲚对大型浮游动物表现出主动选择;当环境中出现溞(Daphnia spp.)和透明薄皮溞(Leptodora kindti Focke)时,鲚对它们表现出很强的选择性摄食,但透明薄皮溞只出现在6月鱼类食物中;个体较小的裸腹溞也是鲚主动选择的重要食物,在整个调查期间鲚对裸腹溞都表现出较高的主动选择性;象鼻溞虽然在各月份食物中的出现率最高,但除10月份鲚对其表现出主动选择外,其它月份表现为主动回避或随机选择.本研究结果有助于我们了解鲚对浮游动物群落影响的季节变化,为制定合理的湖泊与渔业管理方案提供依据. 相似文献
6.
2016-2018年长江下游安庆江段四大家鱼仔稚鱼资源调查分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究长江安庆江段四大家鱼仔稚鱼资源现状及其丰度变化与水文因子之间的关系,于2016-2018年4-8月对该江段进行早期资源调查.调查期间共采集到四大家鱼仔稚鱼3178尾,其中以鲢（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）和草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）为主,分别占家鱼捕捞总数的67.97%和23.03%.估算2016-2018年通过安庆江段的四大家鱼仔稚鱼径流量分别为21.70×108、14.62×108、12.05×108尾,呈现出逐年减少的趋势.家鱼仔稚鱼丰度自4月中旬呈波动性上升趋势,在7月中上旬达到高峰期.Kruskal-Wallis检验表明采样断面空间分布存在显著性差异,平均漂流密度为北岸（16.09 ind./100 m3） > 南岸（5.40 ind./100 m3） > 江心（3.43 ind./100 m3）.GAM模型结果显示,对四大家鱼仔稚鱼丰度影响显著的水文因子为水温、透明度、水位日上涨率和径流量日上涨率,各因子相对重要性依次为水位日上涨率 > 透明度 > 水温 > 径流量日上涨率.其丰度与透明度呈负相关,与水温（24.0～27.3℃）、水位日上涨率和径流量日上涨率均呈正相关关系.本研究中GAM模型累积偏差解释率达到69.8%,较高程度上揭示了水文条件对家鱼仔稚鱼资源丰度的影响,为长江下游四大家鱼的苗汛预测及资源保护策略的制定提供科学依据. 相似文献
7.
淮北采煤塌陷区小型湖泊浮游甲壳动物群落结构的季节变化 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
2005年3月至2007年2月对淮北采煤塌陷区小型湖泊--南湖浮游甲壳动物进行了连续两年的调查.共记录浮游甲壳动物15种,其中枝角类9属9种、桡足类5属6种.透明溞(Daphnia hyalinaLeydig)和汤匙华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus dorrii Brehm)为冬、春季优势种;象鼻溞(Bosmina sp.)、短尾秀体溞(Diaphanosoma brachyurumLiéven)、广布中剑水蚤(Me-socyclops leuckarti Claus)和球状许水蚤(Schmackeria forbesi Poppe et Richard)为夏、秋季优势种.浮游甲壳动物密度和生物量分别为0.4-60.6ind./L和0.01-1.25mg/L,夏、秋季较高,冬、春季较低.枝角类的密度和生物量在2005年和2006年10月均达到最大值,分别为44ind./L和1.01mg/L.哲水蚤的密度最大值(20.0ind./L)出现在2005年4月,而剑水蚤(21.7ind./L)出现在2005年8月.无节幼体在各月份均有较高密度,其最高密度(46.6ind./L)和生物量(0.14mg/L)出现在2006年3月.温度和浮游植物是影响南湖浮游甲壳动物群落结构季节变化的重要因素. 相似文献
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利用单船表层单囊拖网于2013年2 12月分别在太湖不同生态型湖区(敞水湖区和草型湖区)采集湖鲚(Coilia ectenes taihuensis)样品,同时用刺网补充大个体样品.通过胃含物鉴定,分析湖鲚饵料生物的种类及数量季节和湖区间差异,同时测定湖鲚摄食率、肥满度和食物选择系数等.结果显示,湖鲚主要食物为浮游枝角类和桡足类,此外,水生昆虫、轮虫和小型鱼虾也是湖鲚的重要食物来源.湖鲚食物组成季节变化明显,冬季以桡足类的哲水蚤(Calanus spp.)、剑水蚤(Cyclops spp.)为主,夏、秋季则以枝角类的象鼻溞(Bosmina spp.)、裸腹溞(Moina spp.)和盘肠溞(Chydorus spp.)为主.不同湖区湖鲚食物种类差异明显,草型湖区水生昆虫、鱼虾较敞水湖区多,桡足类较敞水湖区少.不同湖区间湖鲚食物数量差异明显,敞水湖区湖鲚平均食物数量为788.98±262.4 ind./尾,而草型湖区仅为298.85±71.1 ind./尾.湖鲚主动摄食大型枝角类,如僧帽溞(Daphnia cucullata)、低额溞(Simocephalus spp.)和大型溞(Daphnia magna),选择指数(Ii)介于0.59~1.00之间.小型裸腹溞(Moina spp.)也是湖鲚主动选择的食物(0.62Ii0.95),但湖鲚对桡足类选择性较低,这可能与桡足类较强的逃避能力有关.湖鲚对食物选择性的季节变化明显,如冬季回避透明薄皮溞(Leptodora kindti),而夏季则主动选择,但不同湖区湖鲚对食物的选择差别较小.本研究结果有利于从食物网层面剖析湖鲚种群增长原因,进而通过生物操纵理论对湖鲚种群进行控制,最终为形成合理的湖泊渔业结构和湖泊环境修复提供科学依据. 相似文献
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竞争是调控水体浮游动物群落结构的生物因素之一.根据"大小效率假说",大型滤食性枝角类对小型枝角类有竞争优势.然而,大型滤食性枝角类体内磷含量通常高于小型枝角类,生长比小型枝角类更容易受食物磷缺乏的影响,食物的磷缺乏可能会改变大型枝角类和小型枝角类之间的竞争结果.本研究比较分析了食物碳磷比对两种常见枝角类（盔型溞（Daphnia galeata）和脆弱象鼻溞（Bosmina fatalis））的种群增长率、种群密度及种间竞争关系的影响.实验设计了3个食物质量处理组：高磷（碳：磷=105）、中磷（碳：磷=740）和低磷（碳：磷=2400）,食物浓度均为2 mg C/L蛋白核小球藻（Chlorella pyrenoidosa）;针对每一个食物质量处理组,盔型溞和脆弱象鼻溞分别单独培养或混合培养.盔型溞和脆弱象鼻溞平均最大种群密度分别为378~893和364~2399 ind./L;平均种群增长率分别为0.11~0.14和0.09~0.16 d-1;平均体长分别为1.53~2.50和0.25~0.35 mm.种群增长率和体长均随着食物碳磷比的升高而显著下降,而最大种群密度在中磷处理组显著高于其它两个处理组.盔型溞种群增长率在单独培养和混合培养间无显著差异;脆弱象鼻溞种群增长率在混合培养时显著低于单独培养时.在高磷和中磷处理组,盔型溞最大种群密度在单独培养和混合培养间无显著差异,在低磷处理组,混合培养时最大种群密度显著低于单独培养时;在高磷处理组,脆弱象鼻溞最大种群密度在单独培养和混合培养间无显著差异,在中磷和低磷处理组,混合培养时显著低于单独培养时.结果表明,在食物碳不缺条件下,不管食物磷是否缺乏,盔型溞均比脆弱象鼻溞有竞争优势. 相似文献
10.
凤鲚繁殖群体的生物学特性及因数关系的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对繁殖季节的209尾凤鲚标本进行了生物学分析。在采获的标本中,最大体长182mm,体重23.4g;最小体长94mm,体重3.5g。肥满度（k）平均为3.15×10-4。其体长与体重的回归关系式为W=1.174×10-5L2.773。雌鱼的绝对繁殖力平均为7403.48粒,成熟系数为18.92%。雄鱼成熟系数8.02%。绝对繁殖力与体长呈曲线回归关系,F=1.906×10-2L2.54,与体重呈直线回归关系,F=688.13W—2119.68。 相似文献
11.
阪神·淡路大震灾后 ,日本着手对原有的地震观测体制作彻底改革 ,多项全国性配置地震计的计划同时开始启动。地震引起的地面晃动的程度不尽相同 ,无感微小地震引发的晃动仅有 0 .0 0 1 μm,频率为1 0 Hz;巨大地震引起的地面晃动的幅度高达 2～ 3 m,周期也有几十秒。虽说都称之为地震计 ,但由于地震动的振幅和频率涉及的范围太大 ,所以应针对观测对象选用不同类型的地震计。下面介绍不同类型的观测网。1 强震观测网 ( K- NET)无论大地有多大的晃动都能将其准确记录下来的地震计称之为强震计。它构造坚实 ,信号明确 ,通常设置在地表 ,对了… 相似文献
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Sun, climate, hunger, and mass migration 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
Kenneth J. Hsu 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1998,41(5):449-472
Paleoclimatic studies indicate four epochs of global cooling during the last 4 000 years, i. e. during the few centuries before
and after 2000 BC, 800 BC, 400 AD, and 1 600 AD; the quasiperiodicity corresponds to cyclic variation of solar activity. Global
temperature changes influenced regional precipitation patterns: Northern Europe was wetter while the middle- and low-latitude
lands were more arid during colder epochs. Both sets of cold climatical conditions were unfavorable for agricultural production.
Historical records show that large demographic movements in history took place because of crop failures and mass starvation,
rather than escaping from war zones. The “wandering” of the Germanic tribes during the first two or three centuries of the
Christian Era is one example. Whereas the accelerated release of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels is ultimately
to cause global warming, historical evidence indicates, however, that global warming has been on the whole a blessing to mankind.
Global cooling, on the other hand, has curtailed agricultural production and has led to famines and mass migrations of people.
Perhaps the most important task at the present is not so much computer-modelling of greenhouse effect on global climate, but
water-management and agricultural researches to insure food-supply for an everincreasing world population. 相似文献
13.
Abu Sayeed Shafiuddin Ahmed Mohammad Belal Hossain Saad Mohammad Omar Faruque Babu Moshiur Rahman Jun Sun Mohammad Shafiqul Islam Sarker 《国际泥沙研究》2022,37(1):83-96
Sediment samples from the Gomti River basin were investigated to determine and evaluate trace metal concentrations,their biological effect,and potential ecological and human health risks for adults and children.The mean concentrations of trace metals were organized in the descending order of mercury(Hg)(0.08 mg/kg)>chromium(Cr)(0.06 mg/kg)>lead(Pb)(0.05 mg/kg)>arsenic(As)(0.02 mg/kg)>cadmium(Cd)(0.01 mg/kg).The current study illustrated that metals were attributed to the area from natural sources and different anthropogenic sources especially from industries.However,the concentration levels were lower than the sediment quality guidelines(SQGs)based on the effect-range classifications of threshold effect concentration(TEC)and probable effect concentration(PEC).Therefore,the concentration of the elements showed no adverse biological effects on aquatic organisms.The evaluated potential ecological risk index also revealed the low toxicity to the aquatic environment.Moreover,the applied sediment quality indices,geo-accumulation index(Igeo),contamination factor(CF),and contamination severity index(CSI)suggested that the contamination levels of the elements were in the acceptable range,and the contamination had not notably impacted on the sediment quality.The risk index(HI)concerning age groups was significantly less than the threshold limit of 1 indicating that the contamination had no non-carcinogenic risk effect.The total carcinogenic risk(TCR)was less than a risk value of 1×104.Hence,the current study suggests that immediate remediation is not required due to an absence of alarming conditions in the study area.Proper monitoring of the attribution of the metal elements should be done for the betterment of human and environmental health。 相似文献
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Michael O. Garcia Diane Hanano Ashton Flinders Dominique Weis Garrett Ito Mark D. Kurz 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2012,74(6):1445-1463
The size, shape, and magmatic history of the most recently discovered shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, Mahukona, have been controversial. Mahukona corresponds to what was thought to be a gap in the paired sequence (Loa and Kea trends) of younger Hawaiian volcanoes (<4?Ma). Here, we present the results of marine expeditions to Mahukona where new bathymetry, sidescan sonar, gravity data, and lava samples were collected to address these controversies. Modeling of bathymetric and gravity data indicate that Mahukona is one of the smallest Hawaiian volcanoes (～6,000?km3) and that its magmatic system was not focused in a long-lived central reservoir like most other Hawaiian volcanoes. This lack of a long-lived magmatic reservoir is reflected by the absence of a central residual gravity high and the random distribution of cones on Mahukona Volcano. Our reconstructed subsidence history for Mahukona suggests it grew to at least ～270?m below sea level but probably did not form an island. New 40Ar–39Ar plateau ages range from 350 to 654?ka providing temporal constraints for Mahukona’s post-shield and shield stages of volcanism, which ended prematurely. Mahukona post-shield lavas have high 3He/4He ratios (16–21?Ra), which have not been observed in post-shield lavas from other Hawaiian volcanoes. Lava compositions range widely at Mahukona, including Pb isotopic values that straddle the boundary between Kea and Loa sequences of volcanoes. The compositional diversity of Mahukona lavas may be related to its relatively small size (less extensive melting) and the absence of a central magma reservoir where magmas would have been homogenized. 相似文献
18.
In this study, we have checked the location and focal depth of the Yecheng earthquake (m b = 6.0, maximum intensity VII) of February 14, 1980. The result shows that this is an intermediate event with a focal depth of 90 km. The microepicenter is located at 36. 4°N, 76, 9°E, while the macroepicenter is at 37.3°N, 76.9°E, 90 km to the north of the microepicenter. This is the first destructive intermediate event in China which led to a damage as severe as of intensity VII. The focal mechanism of the event is determined to be of thrust type. Combined with the analysis of seismological and geological data in surrounding area, the possible relation between the event and plate movement has been discussed. The result in this paper indicates that in some particular place, the destructive effect of intermediate event should be considered in seismic hazard assessment. 相似文献
19.
Transitional, entraining, cloudy, and coastal boundary layers 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Wayne M. Angevine 《Acta Geophysica》2008,56(1):2-20
Atmospheric boundary layers are marvelously varied and complex. Recent research has examined some of that variety. Boundary
layers over land undergo drastic changes throughout the day as the sun rises and sets, and as clouds form and dissipate. Air
is entrained at the top of the boundary layer at varying rates. As air moves over the coast, the boundary layer reacts to
changes in surface forcing. All of these changes affect pollutant transport and weather formation. In this paper, research
attempting to understand transitional, cloud-topped, and coastal boundary layers, and boundary-layer top entrainment, is reviewed. 相似文献
20.
Dynamics of dissolved major (Na,K, Ca,Mg, and Si) and trace (Al,Fe, Mn,Zn, Cu,and Cr) elements along the lower Orinoco River 
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下载免费PDF全文 Abrahan Mora Jürgen Mahlknecht Juan Carlos Baquero Alain Laraque Juan A. Alfonso Daniel Pisapia Laura Balza 《水文研究》2017,31(3):597-611
This study addresses the changes in dissolved major and trace element concentrations along the Orinoco River, including the mixing zone between the Orinoco and Apure Rivers. Water samples from the Apure and Orinoco Rivers were collected monthly in four sectors over a period of 15 months. Auxiliary parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and temperature), total suspended sediments, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and major (Na, K, Ca, Mg, and Si) and trace (Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Cr) element concentrations were measured in all sectors. The relative contribution of both rivers after the Apure–Orinoco confluence was determined using Ca as a tracer. Moreover, a mixing model was developed to determine whether dissolved species exhibit a conservative behavior during mixing. The results indicate that DOC is removed from waters during the Apure–Orinoco mixing, probably due to absorption of DOC on mineral phases supplied by the Apure River. Dissolved Na, Ca, and Mg behave conservatively during the mixing processes, and their concentrations are controlled by a dilution process. The anomaly in the temporal pattern of K in the Orinoco is caused by the input of biogenic K originating from the Apure River during the high‐water stage. The loss of dissolved Si during the low‐water stage can be explained by the uptake of Si by diatoms. Dissolved Mn, Zn, Al, and Fe showed a non‐conservative behavior during the Apure–Orinoco mixing. The removal of Mn and Zn from the dissolved phase can be explained by the formation of Mn‐oxyhydroxides and the scavenging of Zn onto Mn oxides. Dissolved Fe is controlled by redox processes, although the removals of Fe and Al due to the preferential adsorption of large organometallic complexes by mineral surfaces after the Apure–Orinoco confluence can affect the mobility of both elements during transport. The conservative behavior shown by Cu and Cr can be related to the tendency of both elements to be complexed with small organic colloids, which are not preferentially adsorbed by clays. 相似文献