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1.
Soft ground improvement using piles has increasingly been used as a rapid construction technique for railway and highway embankments over soft soil areas. While most studies conducted so far have addressed only issues of stability and settlement of pile-supported embankments under static loading, very limited attention has been paid to understanding their behaviors under transient loading of moving vehicles. In this study, vibration behaviors of this embankment system under high-speed train passage are investigated through three-dimensional finite element simulation. They include (1) characteristics of the surface wave field at high train speeds, (2) the dependence of vibration amplitude on the train speed and the phenomenon of critical speed, and (3) response at some typical locations in the system when the train moves at the critical speed. The study shows that there are breaks in the simulated wave fronts as transiting between different materials due to the difference in the Rayleigh wave speed among the materials relative to the train speed, and that the increase in train speed is accompanied by the increase in phase shift between the train load and the displacement pattern beneath the load. It is shown that the critical speed of the system is governed by the embankment, instead of the soft soil as commonly observed in previous studies in which the ground is not improved. Namely the vibration amplitude is maximally amplified when the train speed approaches the characteristic Rayleigh wave speed of the embankment material. In addition, the results also suggest that the sloping surfaces on the ballast and embankment along with the piles form a ‘trapping’ effect by which most of the train-induced waves, especially higher-frequency waves, incident to the sloping surfaces are trapped and dissipated within the pile-supported embankment system, and thus significantly reducing vibration amplitudes outside the embankment. 相似文献
2.
列车引起场地振动的建模需要能够表达地层的动力格林函数.本文兼顾饱和土的流固两相耦合性、场地土的分层性和波动的三维传播性,构建了半解析的场地动力格林函数.首先,基于Biot方程,在傅里叶变换域求解固体骨架和流体的位移和应力.然后采用传递矩阵方法建立地表位移和应力间的关系,得到格林函数矩阵.进而讨论矩阵的一些固有特征,提出改善竖向位移计算效率的措施.最后利用推导的格林函数计算了几个典型算例.数值结果与文献中其他方法得到的结果十分接近,与场地振动的现场观测试验基本符合.软土场地振动的计算结果高于饱和砂土场地,高速列车场地振动强度高于低速列车.当车速接近场地瑞利波速,模拟结果中显示出马赫锥.数值结果还显示,即使车速略低于瑞利波速,马赫锥也可能出现.本文推导的格林函数将有助于深入理解列车等移动激励作用下层状饱和土场地的振动特征. 相似文献
3.
Three-dimensional analysis of rows of piles as passive barriers for ground vibration isolation 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
This paper presents a theoretical study on the ground vibration isolation efficiency by multi-rows of piles as passive barrier in a three-dimensional context. Integral equations governing Rayleigh wave scattering are derived according to the Green's solution of Lamb problem. The integral equations are solved accurately and efficiently with an iteration technique. They are used to predict the complicated Rayleigh wave field that is generated by a number of irregular scatterers embedded in an elastic half-space solid. The method is verified with a numerical solution available in the literature for a simplified Rayleigh wave scattering problem. Passive isolation effectiveness of ground vibration with two or three rows of small piles is further studied in detail. Effects of relevant parameters on the effectiveness of vibration isolation are analyzed and presented. 相似文献
4.
Train-induced wave propagation in layered soils using finite/infinite element simulation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper, the transmissibility of soils for vibrations induced by trains moving at different speeds is studied. The 2.5 D finite/infinite element approach adopted herein allows us to consider the load-moving effect of the train in the direction normal to the two-dimensional profile of the soils considered, and, therefore, to obtain three-dimensional responses for the soils using only plane elements. The moving train is simulated by a sequence of moving wheel loads that may vibrate with certain frequency. Two train speeds are considered, one is smaller and the other is greater than the Rayleigh wave speed of the layered soils, to represent the effects of speed in the sub-critical and super-critical ranges. In order to evaluate the effect of each parameter on the ground response induced by moving trains, parametric studies are conducted for the following parameters: the shear wave speed, damping ratio and stratum depth of the supporting soils, and the moving speed and vibration frequency of the traveling trains. Conclusions concerning the mechanism of wave propagation in layered soils are drawn from the parametric studies, which should prove useful to practicing engineers. 相似文献
5.
Vibration isolation of structures from ground-transmitted waves by open trenches in isotropic, linearly elastic or viscoelastic soil with a shear modulus varying continuously with depth is numerically studied. Both an exponential and a linear shear modulus variation with depth are used in this work. Waves produced by the harmonic motion of a rigid surface machine foundation are considered. The problem is solved by the frequency domain boundary element method employing the Green's function of Kausel-Peek-Hull for a thin layered half-space. Thus only the trench perimeter and the soil-foundation interface need essentially to be discretized. The proposed methodology is first tested for accuracy by solving two Rayleigh wave propagation problems in nonhomogeneous soil with known analytical solutions and/or for which experimental results are available. Then the method is applied to vibration isolation problems and the effect of the inhomogeneity on the wave screening effectiveness of trenches is studied. 相似文献
6.
This study proposes a Green’s function,an essential representation of water-saturated ground under moving excitation,to simulate ground borne vibration from trains.First,general solutions to the governing equations of poroelastic medium are derived by means of integral transform.Secondly,the transmission and reflection matrix approach is used to formulate the relationship between displacement and stress of the stratified ground,which results in the matrix of the Green’s function.Then the Green’s function is combined into a train-track-ground model,and is verified by typical examples and a field test.Additional simulations show that the computed ground vibration attenuates faster in the immediate vicinity of the track than in the surrounding area.The wavelength of wheel-rail unevenness has a notable effect on computed displacement and pore pressure.The variation of vibration intensity with the depth of ground is significantly influenced by the layering of the strata soil.When the train speed is equal to the velocity of the Rayleigh wave,the Mach cone appears in the simulated wave field.The proposed Green’s function is an appropriate representation for a layered ground with shallow ground water table,and will be helpful to understand the dynamic responses of the ground to complicated moving excitation. 相似文献
7.
沪宁城际铁路高架桥段CRH动车组运行引起的地面振动现场测试与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对沪宁城际铁路CRH动车组运行引起的高架桥段地面振动竖向速度和加速度进行了现场测试,分析了地面振动特征及其传播的衰减规律。结果表明：CRH动车组运行引起的地面振动主频在70Hz以下,属于低频振动;地面振动峰值速度和加速度随着离高架桥距离的增大而减小,20m以内地面振动衰减幅度较大;地面振动峰值随列车时速的提高而增大,车厢数量对地面振动峰值和主频成分的影响不明显;CRH动车组运行引起的地面振动对一般性建筑物影响不大,列车时速为300km左右时,地面振动速度超过办公室等公共建筑的允许值,列车时速为200km左右时,地面振动速度超过居民住宅的允许值;与其他高速铁路的地面振动实测值相比,沪宁城际铁路CRH动车组运行引起的高架桥段地面振动强度相对较低。 相似文献
8.
Finite element analyses were used to investigate the behavior of the building vibration induced by high-speed trains moving on bridges. The model includes the bridge, nearby building, soil and train. Finite element results indicate that trainload frequencies are more important than the natural frequencies of bridges and trains for building vibrations. If the building natural frequencies approach to the trainload frequencies, which equal an integer times the train speed over the compartment length, the resonance occurs and the building vibration will be large. Moreover, the vibration shape is similar to the mode shape of the resonance building frequency. To isolate the building vibration induced by moving trains, this paper investigates three common types of foundations, which include the extension of retaining walls, pile foundation and soil improvement around the building. Soil improvement around the building is the best way to reduce the building vibration both in horizontal and vertical directions. 相似文献
9.
Erkan Çelebi Seyhan Fırat Günay Beyhan İlyas Çankaya İsa Vural Osman Kırtel 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2009
In this paper, the obtained results from the experimental studies describe the basic characteristics of wave propagation and ability of possible measures to reduce the impact of soil vibrations on structural response for both active and passive isolation cases. A series of field tests on the foundation vibrations generated by electrodynamic shaker are performed to examine the screening efficiency of open and in-filled trench barriers which are constructed for full-scale measurement. From field measurements of amplitude with and without the barrier, the amplitude reduction ratio is estimated at different points of interest. Wave propagating characteristics and frequency-dependent screening effects of the wave barriers are investigated according to various isolation material stiffnesses. The remarkable outcomes from these experimental studies can be briefly generalized as follows: backfilled trench with softer material than soil is more effective for the passive isolation than the active one. The reduction effects of wave barriers depend on the frequency of vibration source for both passive and active isolation cases. In-situ measurements confirm that vibration screening systems using open or in-filled trench barriers can be applied as a reduction measure for soil vibrations due to a moving load which is considered as stationary wave source in this problem. 相似文献
10.
本文采用模拟试验的方法,对分层土地基中双排隔振屏障对振动波的动力响应进行了探讨,并研究了桩长与土层分界面位置关系、激振频率对其隔振效果的影响作用,得出结论:（1）屏障前振动强度远大于屏障后振动强度,并随着振源距、激振频率、桩长的增加而下降,且屏障前出现明显振动增强现象,在激振频率80 Hz时产生振动峰值,振动强度在高频时基本稳定,继续增加激振频率,振动强度并不会发生明显变化。（2）屏障后中线左右2倍桩长范围内为整个隔振区域的薄弱区,其他区域则由包络线围成一个封闭有效隔振区。（3）屏障对中频和高频有更好的隔振效果,且桩长越大有效隔振面积越大,当桩长超过土层分界面时,有效隔振面积可达到53.25%～69.78%,但此时有效隔振面积增幅由原来的14.29%下降到11.64%,增幅降低了约3%。（4）未设屏障区振动强度较小,随激振频率小范围内浮动,在激振频率为30 Hz和80 Hz时取得振动峰值,且随着屏障布置方向减小,即靠近屏障一侧振动强度较强,远离屏障一侧振动强度较弱。 相似文献
11.
为研究高速列车作用下,层状地基中空沟对场地振动的隔振效果,基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论及有限元法,对建立完善高速车辆-无砟轨道-地基耦合系统动力学模型进行仿真计算,分析设置空沟对场地振动的影响,并探讨了空沟的深度、位置、宽度以及列车速度的影响。结果表明：设置空沟加强了沟前场地的振动,但可使空沟后方地基的竖向和水平振动水平大幅减小,但在特定位置存在振动放大区,引起隔振效果减弱;过浅或过深的空沟均不能达到最优隔振效果;对于在线路旁需要特殊隔振的场地,存在一个适用于其本身的空沟最佳位置;空沟的宽度对隔振效果无明显影响;空沟对更高速度运行列车引起场地竖向和横向振动的隔振效果更明显。 相似文献
12.
动力机器运行和车辆行驶等会产生振动污染,危及邻近建筑物安全和干扰精密仪器设备正常运行等。这些振动污染可通过在地基中设置空沟的方式来降低或消除。针对饱和地基上明置动力机器基础的环境振动影响及空沟近场隔振问题,进行了饱和地基上空沟近场隔振的现场试验,并对试验结果进行了无量纲化分析;基于饱和土半解析边界元法,分别推导了动力机器基础环境振动影响和空沟近场隔振的边界元方程;在此基础上,详细研究了空沟对动力机器基础振动影响的隔振效果,分析了空沟深度、宽度和距振源距离对其隔振效果的影响。结果表明:空沟能够有效的降低动力机器基础的环境振动影响;空沟宽度对其隔振效果影响相对较小,而空沟深度对其隔振效果影响较大,为获得较好的隔振效果,空沟深度建议取1倍Rayleigh波波长;空沟距振源距离对其隔振效果也有较大影响,距离越远则隔振效果也越好,当被保护建筑距振源较远时,建议空沟在被保护建筑附近设置。此外,在某些特殊情况下,空沟隔振系统会由于共振现象而出现隔振效果劣化的现象,在工程设计中应予以注意。 相似文献
13.
Vibration assessments are required for new railroad lines to determine the effect of vibrations on local communities. Low accuracy assessments can significantly increase future project costs in the form of further detailed assessment or unexpected vibration abatement measures.This paper presents a new, high accuracy, initial assessment prediction tool for high speed lines. A key advantage of the new approach is that it is capable of including the effect of soil conditions in its calculation. This is novel because current scoping models ignore soil conditions, despite such characteristics being the most dominant factor in vibration propagation. The model also has zero run times thus allowing for the rapid assessment of vibration levels across rail networks.First, the development of the new tool is outlined. It is founded upon using a fully validated three dimensional finite element model to generate synthetic vibration records for a wide range of soil types. These records are analysed using a machine learning approach to map relationships between soil conditions, train speed and vibration levels. Its performance is tested through the prediction of two independent international vibration metrics on four European high speed lines and it is found to have high prediction accuracy.A key benefit from this increased prediction accuracy is that it potentially reduces the volume of detailed vibration analyses required for a new high speed train line. This avoids costly in-depth studies in the form of field experiments or large numerical models. Therefore the use of the new tool can result in cost savings. 相似文献
14.
This paper outlines a vibration prediction tool, ScopeRail, capable of predicting in-door noise and vibration, within structures in close proximity to high speed railway lines. The tool is designed to rapidly predict vibration levels over large track distances, while using historical soil information to increase accuracy. Model results are compared to an alternative, commonly used, scoping model and it is found that ScopeRail offers higher accuracy predictions. This increased accuracy can potentially reduce the cost of vibration environmental impact assessments for new high speed rail lines.To develop the tool, a three-dimensional finite element model is first outlined capable of simulating vibration generation and propagation from high speed rail lines. A vast array of model permutations are computed to assess the effect of each input parameter on absolute ground vibration levels. These relations are analysed using a machine learning approach, resulting in a model that can instantly predict ground vibration levels in the presence of different train speeds and soil profiles. Then a collection of empirical factors are coupled with the model to allow for the prediction of structural vibration and in-door noise in buildings located near high speed lines. Additional factors are also used to enable the prediction of vibrations in the presence of abatement measures (e.g. ballast mats and floating slab tracks) and additional excitation mechanisms (e.g. wheelflats and switches/crossings). 相似文献
15.
Vibration screening effectiveness of a pair of in-filled trenches is numerically studied under conditions of plane strain using PLAXIS 2D in a linear elastic, isotropic, and homogeneous half-space acted upon by a steady-state vertical excitation. Barrier efficiency is analyzed in terms of reduction of vertical and horizontal vibration components with respect to the variations in barrier geometry and in-fill material parameters. The geometric features are normalized with respect to Rayleigh wavelength of vibration in soil. The in-fill trench material is considered to be softer and accordingly assigned lower shear wave velocities than the half-space. Non-dimensional design charts are developed and the key parameters participating in wave screening process are identified. Some recommendations are made regarding the optimal selection of these parameters. Comparison with a few published results shows close agreement. Such an isolation scheme may be advantageous in circumstances where a single trench requires unrealistic depth. 相似文献
16.
There is concern regarding the long-term vibration effects caused by metro trains on historic buildings. In this paper, the impact of metro train-induced vibrations on the Bell Tower in Xi’an above two spatially overlapping tunnels was studied.Metro Line 2 has been operational since 2011, and Line 6 is still under construction. To study and control the effect of micro vibrations on the Bell Tower, a metro train–track–tunnel–soil 3D dynamic FE model was developed. The vibration response generated by Line 2 was then predicted, and the influences of train speed on ground vibration were analysed. In addition, a detailed in situ measurement, which helped calibrate the numerical model and determine the dynamic behaviour of timber structures, was performed. Finally, the calibrated models and measured results were used to predict vibrations caused by road traffic and trains from two spatially overlapping metro lines. This was performed under different route schemes and train operation conditions.The results showed that installing steel spring floating slab tracks (FST) and decreasing train speeds had obvious effects on controlling the ground peak particle velocity (PPV). Simulated results from both the input impulse and output response generated by metro Line 2 matched well with actual measurements. If correct designs are employed, it is possible to resolve the vibration problem on historic buildings caused by metro trains. 相似文献
17.
人工振动作为一种新形式的环境污染,被列为世界七大环境公害之一。各种形式的人工振动都涉及弹性波的产生和传播,在既有振源与保护区之间设立屏障来切断弹性波的传播路径,衰减振动能量,降低振动幅度,是目前国际上普通采用的隔振措施。屏障按几何构造可分为两类:连续屏障和非连续屏障。对国内外两类屏障的隔振理论和试验研究进行简述,得出的结论为:(1)连续屏障隔振效果好,但对于低频振源,屏障的深度需达到十几米以上(近似于R波的半波长),在软土和高地下水位地区的工程造价非常高,施工难度也非常大;(2)非连续屏障施工方便,不受深度和场地的限制,不需要进行额外的支护和维护,多排非连续屏障具有更广泛的应用前景。今后应注重和加强多排非连续屏障隔振的三维理论分析和吸振新材料的试验研究。 相似文献
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Brigitte Endrun 《Journal of Seismology》2011,15(3):443-472
This study applies array methods to measure the relative proportions of Love and Rayleigh waves in the ambient vibration wavefield.
Information on these properties is of special relevance for frequencies around the horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral amplitude
ratio peak. The analysis of H/V curves, a popular technique in site characterisation, commonly assumes that the curves represent
the frequency-dependent Rayleigh wave ellipticity. For the detailed interpretation of amplitudes or the inversion of the curves,
it is therefore necessary to estimate and correct for the contribution of other wave types to the ambient vibration wavefield.
I use available ambient vibration array measurements to determine the relative amount of Love and Rayleigh waves on the horizontal
components by frequency-dependent analysis of the main propagation and polarisation directions, with a special emphasis on
the H/V peak frequency as determined from the same recordings. Tests with synthetic data demonstrate the feasibility of this
approach, at least in the presence of dominant source regions. Analysis of the data from 12 measurements at nine European
sites, which include shallow as well as deep locations that span a wide range of impedance contrasts at the sediment-bedrock
interface, indicates that the relative contribution of Rayleigh waves varies widely with frequency, from close to 0% to more
than 70%. While most data sets show relative Rayleigh wave contributions between 40% and 50% around the H/V peak, there are
also examples where Love waves clearly dominate the wavefield at the H/V peak, even for a site with a low impedance contrast.
Longer-term measurements at one site indicate temporal variations in the relative Rayleigh wave content between day- and nighttime.
Results calculated with the method introduced herein generally compare well with results of modified spatial autocorrelation
analysis. These two methods might be used in a complimentary fashion, as both rely on different properties of the ambient
vibration wavefield. This study illustrates that it is possible to measure the relative Rayleigh wave content of the noise
wavefield from array data. Furthermore, the examples presented herein indicate it is important to estimate this property,
as the assumption that there are an equal proportion of Love and Rayleigh waves is not always correct. 相似文献