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1.
针对煤矿井下穿层钻孔硬岩钻进效率低的难题,基于冲击回转钻进机理和Wassara高压液动冲击器主要特点,分析柱齿在冲击荷载下形成的破碎坑形态,并将其划分为崩解区、密实区、开裂区和弹性区。在此基础之上,对柱齿连续破岩的大间隔冲击和小间隔冲击2种情况进行过程分析,结合淮南潘三矿现场试验条件讨论高压液动冲击回转钻进工艺参数,优选高压液动冲击回转钻进配套钻机、冲击器、钻杆、钻头和清水泵,及主要技术参数。试验结果表明:当清水压力在15 MPa以上时,高压液动冲击回转钻进的平均机械钻速为24.67 m/h,与采用该技术之前的8.48 m/h机械钻速相比提高了约1.9倍;并采用回归分析拟合得到机械钻速与水压之间的线性关系,经过数理统计的F检验,F=8.82大于F0.05(1,7),验证了回归结果是显著的,机械钻速随水压的增大而线性增大。高压液动冲击回转钻进技术可有效提高煤矿井下硬岩层钻进效率,保障煤矿安全高效生产。 相似文献
2.
模拟人工冻结凿井状态下冻土强度特性研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
通过模拟人工冻结凿井中冻土冻结、受力的实际过程,对已冻结试样进行不同温度、不同初始围压状态下的减载试验研究.结果表明:温度和土层深度是影响深部冻土破坏强度和破坏应变的主要因素,当温度不变时,破坏强度和破坏应变随初始围压呈线性关系变化.破坏强度受温度的影响取决于初始围压,在低初始围压状态下,冻土的破坏强度受温度变化影响不明显,但随着初始围压增大即土层深度加深,破坏强度受温度的影响也逐渐明显.破坏应变随温度的降低而逐渐减小,且呈双曲线形变化,但当温度低于 - 7℃时,在不同初始围压下其破坏应变基本不随温度的变化而变化 相似文献
3.
The prediction of production rate in ornamental stones sawing is very important in cost estimation and process planning of the rock sawing plants. The main aim of this paper is finding a mathematical correlation between production rate and rock brittleness indexes. The utilized data have been collected from several stone factories in Iran. Seventeen different granite and carbonate rocks have been experienced sawing conditions with large-diameter circular saws. The laboratory tests such as uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength, were carried out on the rock samples which were collected from these factories. The ratio of compressive strength to tensile strength (B 1), the ratio of compressive strength minus tensile strength to compressive strength plus tensile strength (B 2), and the area under the line of compressive strength and the line of tensile strength (B 3) were used as brittleness indexes in this study. Then, the relationships between these brittleness indexes and production rate were investigated by using a regression analysis. The results show that, there is not a good relationship between the production rate and B 1 and B 2. However, the production rate correlates with B 3 very well. Therefore, there is a reliable prediction for ornamental stones production based on B 3 as a brittleness indexes. 相似文献
4.
Anurag Gupta Somnath Chattopadhyaya Sergej Hloch 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(1):169-177
Mining and petroleum drill bits are subjected to highly abrasive rock and high-velocity fluids that cause severe wear and erosion in service. To augment the rate of penetration and minimize the cost per foot, such drill bits are subjected to increasing rotary speeds and weight. A rotary/percussive drill typically hits the rock 50 times per second with hydraulic impact pressure of about 170–200 bar and feed pressure of about 90–100 bar, while rotating at 75–200 rpm. The drill rig delivers a high-velocity flow of drilling fluid onto the rock surface to dislodge cuttings and cool the bit. The impingement of high-velocity drilling fluid with entrained cuttings accelerates the erosion rate of the bit. Also, high service temperature contributes to softening of the rock for increased penetration. Hence, there is a need to optimize the drilling process and balance the wear rate and penetration rate simultaneously. This paper presents an experimental scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study of electroplated (nickel-bonded) diamond drills for different wear modes. 相似文献
5.
为了研究二氧化碳基增强型地热系统核心及邻近区域中超临界二氧化碳(ScCO2)作用对岩石力学性能的影响,设计了纯ScCO2与干燥花岗岩作用,ScCO2、水蒸气与干燥花岗岩作用,ScCO2与在水中浸泡了24 h后的花岗岩作用3种试验条件,每种试验条件下均开展了210、240、270℃温度下的试验。对ScCO2作用后的岩样以及一个未经处理的对比样先后开展纵波波速测试以及单轴压缩试验,获得了岩石的纵波波速、单轴抗压强度以及弹性模量。纵波波速试验结果表明,在上述3种试验条件下,花岗岩样的波速会都会发生一定程度的降低。单轴压缩试验结果表明,ScCO2作用后的岩石单轴抗压强度及弹性模量都几乎没有受到影响,但是从破坏模式看,未经处理的岩石以张拉破坏为主,处理后的岩石以剪切破坏为主,并且随着温度的升高剪切破坏越明显。试验结果说明,在不存在水或者仅有微量水存在的情况下,ScCO2的作用对岩石产生轻微损伤,岩样的刚性减弱、塑性增强,导致其纵波波速有少量的下... 相似文献
6.
利用薄片、扫描电镜、物性及压汞等资料,对金龙2地区三叠系上乌尔禾组二段(P_3w_2)低渗(含砾)砂岩储层孔隙结构及其影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:①乌二段属于低孔低渗储层,根据压汞曲线参数特征,将其孔隙结构划分为三类。②成岩作用控制了储层孔隙结构,定量计算结果表明,乌二段视压实率平均为53.54%、视胶结率平均为47.53%、视溶蚀率平均为13.84%、视微孔隙率平均为60.67%,表现为中等压实、中—强胶结、弱溶蚀、微孔发育等特征;压实作用、胶结作用、微孔隙发育主要控制储层孔隙结构的形成。③引入成岩综合指数来定量表征各种成岩作用的综合强度,其与储层孔隙结构参数(排驱压力、分选系数)以及储层品质因子(RQI)具有较好的统计相关关系,Ⅰ类储层成岩综合指数大于8%,Ⅱ类储层成岩综合指数为2%～8%,Ⅲ类储层成岩综合指数小于2%。因此,可以利用成岩综合指数定量评价储层孔隙结构。 相似文献
7.
8.
对陕西延安新宝塔山隧道Q2原状黄土进行了不同加载速率的无侧限抗压与贯入抗拉试验,研究了Q2原状黄土抗压与抗拉强度的影响因素。结果表明:加载速率对宝塔山Q2原状黄土抗压和抗拉强度影响较大,抗压强度与抗拉强度随加载速率增大而增大;高径比对抗拉强度也有较大影响,试验时当高径比控制在1.0左右时,高径比对宝塔山Q2原状黄土的抗拉强度影响相对较小,因此采用轴向压裂法测量黄土的抗拉强度时,高径比宜控制在1.0;在试验加载速率范围内,加载速率对宝塔山Q2原状黄土的压拉比影响不大,其压拉比在9.88~13.68范围内变化。 相似文献
9.
为深入探究两淮矿区典型砂质泥岩劈裂注浆起裂机制,研制了常规三轴劈裂注浆试验装置,开展了类砂质泥岩浆压致裂起裂压力模型试验,基于试验结果分析了岩石强度与应力状态对注浆起裂压力、裂缝扩展形态影响规律,揭示了砂质泥岩劈裂注浆起裂机制。研究表明：起裂压力与岩石抗压强度呈正相关,且岩石抗压强度越高,劈裂路径越复杂;起裂压力对围压的敏感程度远高于轴压,且应力差 Δσ =σV −σH越大,裂缝形态越规整;孔压三轴条件下,封闭裸孔段浆压致裂法确定的岩石抗拉强度值约为单轴抗拉强度的 2.5倍。该研究结果可为今后类似岩层劈裂注浆参数设计与施工提供参考。 相似文献
10.
水泥改良土具有强度高、变形小、施工操作简单、质量控制容易和经济效益显著等优点,被广泛应用于路基填筑、基坑回填、边坡防护和地基换填。水泥土裂缝影响路基工程的正常运行,甚至可能危及铁路路基安全。因此,铁路路基设计需要对路基填土的抗拉强度有一定程度的了解,水泥改良土抗拉强度的确定具有重要意义。水泥改良土的抗裂性能是影响工程应用的重要因素,拉伸强度是衡量水泥土抗裂性能的关键指标。本文基于常规无侧限压缩仪自行设计了直接测量水泥改良土拉伸强度的单轴拉伸试验方法,系统地研究了水泥掺量（A）、龄期（t）、含水率（w）和干密度（ρd）对水泥改良土单轴拉伸强度（σt）的影响,水泥改良土的单轴拉伸强度随水泥掺量、龄期和干密度增加而增加,随含水率增加而减小,建立了水泥改良土的单轴拉伸强度与et/A（et是水泥改良土的孔隙比）之间的指数函数关系。结合水泥改良土的无侧限抗压强度和基质吸力的测试结果,建立了单轴拉伸强度与无侧限抗压强度和基质吸力之间的相关关系。 相似文献
11.
Comparative study of the kinetics and mechanisms of dissolution of carbonate minerals 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
The influence of pH on the rate of dissolution of various carbonates (calcite, aragonite, witherite, magnesite and dolomite) has been investigated at 25°C using a continuous fluidized bed reactor. The general rate dependence on pH observed for the simple carbonates is very similar and is in agreement with the results observed for calcite and aragonite by L.N. Plummer and coworkers. However, the rate of dissolution of magnesite is approximately four orders of magnitude lower than calcite.
For simple carbonates, the elementary steps involved in the dissolution reaction are:
where M represents the metal ion which can be Ca, Mg and Ba. According to the stoichiometry of the three reaction steps and the thermodynamic constraints, the total forward and backward rates can be expressed as:
Rf=k1aH+k2aH2CO3*+K3
rb=k-1aM2+aHCO3-+k-2aHCO3-+k-3aM2+aCO32-
The rate constants (k1, k2, k3 and k−3) determined with our experimental results for calcite, aragonite and witherite show that the dissolution rates are similar for these three minerals and that the nature of the cations does not play a significant role. The good agreement between the Ksp calculated from the measured k3/k−3 ratio and the theromodynamic value suggests that our dissolution mechanism is coherent.
The rate dependence on pH of the dissolution of dolomite obeys a fractional order at low pH's and confirms previously published observations therein. However, the two-step reaction mechanism proposed does not explain the fractional reaction order observed, which is likely due to a more complex surface reaction. 相似文献
12.
利用神经网络法预测风动潜孔锤钻速 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
风动潜孔锤钻进在钻效方面有着传统钻进方法无可比拟的优势。以往的钻速预测主要是针对回转钻进,而准确预测风动潜孔锤钻速则更具有现实意义,更有利于合理制定钻井计划。利用有多隐层的BP神经网络原理,综合考虑钻压、转速、风压、风量、钻井深度、钻头工作时间等各方面参数对钻速的影响,研究了贯通式潜孔锤冲击回转钻井钻速的预测方法,并对现场实际钻井作业进行了预测。预测结果与现场实际情况能很好地吻合。同时又以预测结果为基础,优选钻进参数以指导施工。 相似文献
13.
S.A. Ola 《Engineering Geology》1991,30(3-4):325-336
A brief review of the geology of the tar sand areas of Nigeria is given. Analysis shows that the tar sand used for the tests consists of a well graded silty sand (cmf) with about 5% clay; and 3–5% bitumen. Results presented show a very high in situ compressive strength of about 450 kN/m2, a high ratio of tensile to compressive strength of about 22%, peak shear strength parameters of Cp′=15kN/m2and φp′ = 19° and residual parameters of Cr =0, φr = 18°. The compacted tar sand behaved like an overconsolidated soil with a preconsolidating pressure, Pc of 140 kN/m2. In general, the results of the in situ strength tests indicate that the Nigerian tar sand behaved as a soft sandstone. 相似文献
14.
隧道TBM开挖过程中经常会遇到复合岩层,在这种地质环境下,隧道掘进机（tunnel boring machine,简称TBM）开挖过程中的隧道围岩强度很难估计,隧道开挖掌子面和围岩容易发生坍塌。为了提高隧道掘进效率、预防事故发生,对开挖隧道围岩强度进行实时估算方面的研究很有必要。在重庆轨道九号线隧道TBM施工中,通过室内试验和现场实测数据发现,TBM推力FN与岩石强度成正比、TBM扭矩推力比T/FN（T为扭矩）与贯入度p0.5成正比例关系。针对砂质泥岩、砂岩和灰岩组成的复合岩层,提出了一种利用现场实测推力FN和扭矩T的值来快速估算开挖隧道围岩强度的方法,进一步对TBM实测数据进行线性拟合,从而得到估算公式中两个常数α1、α2的取值方法,并在10多个隧道实际工程中得到验证。结果表明,对于这种复合岩层地质环境,两个常数α1、α2的值与滚刀数量n和滚刀直径d相关。该研究成果为实时快速估算开挖隧道围岩强度提供了一种新的切实可行的思路,能提高隧道TBM施工的可靠性和安全性,具有重要的应用价值。 相似文献
15.
B. Rajesh Kumar Harsha Vardhan M. Govindaraj 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2011,44(5):613-620
The main purpose of the study is to develop a general prediction model and to investigate the relationships between sound
level produced during drilling and physical properties such as uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength and percentage
porosity of sedimentary rocks. The results were evaluated using the multiple regression analysis taking into account the interaction
effects of various predictor variables. Predictor variables selected for the multiple regression model are drill bit diameter,
drill bit speed, penetration rate and equivalent sound level produced during rotary drilling (L
eq). The constructed models were checked using various prediction performance indices. Consequently, it is possible to say that
the constructed models can be used for practical purposes. 相似文献
16.
Basalt is an extrusive igneous rock derived from Lava and spread over different localities in Jordan. It can be used in industrial applications, and as construction materials. Before using basalt, it is essential to determine its dry density, porosity, uniaxial compressive strength, and Brazilian tensile strength. The testing procedure and sample preparation used to determine the engineering properties are time-consuming and need expertise. Hence, the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test, a quick and non-destructive evaluation method, was used to determine the engineering properties. Empirical relationships for determination of dry density, porosity, uniaxial compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength, and tangent modulus of elasticity were deduced. Good correlation coefficients (R2?=?0.832–0.929) were obtained between UPV and dry density, porosity, uniaxial compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. These correlations were limited to intact basalt with UPV?≥?4000 m/s. 相似文献
17.
Partitioning coefficients between olivine and silicate melts 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
J.H. Bdard 《Lithos》2005,83(3-4):394-419
Variation of Nernst partition coefficients (D) between olivine and silicate melts cannot be neglected when modeling partial melting and fractional crystallization. Published natural and experimental olivine/liquidD data were examined for covariation with pressure, temperature, olivine forsterite content, and melt SiO2, H2O, MgO and MgO/MgO + FeOtotal. Values of olivine/liquidD generally increase with decreasing temperature and melt MgO content, and with increasing melt SiO2 content, but generally show poor correlations with other variables. Multi-element olivine/liquidD profiles calculated from regressions of D REE–Sc–Y vs. melt MgO content are compared to results of the Lattice Strain Model to link melt MgO and: D0 (the strain compensated partition coefficient), EM3+ (Young's Modulus), and r0 (the size of the M site). Ln D0 varies linearly with Ln MgO in the melt; EM3+ varies linearly with melt MgO, with a dog-leg at ca. 1.5% MgO; and r0 remains constant at 0.807 Å. These equations are then used to calculate olivine/liquidD for these elements using the Lattice Strain Model. These empirical parameterizations of olivine/liquidD variations yield results comparable to experimental or natural partitioning data, and can easily be integrated into existing trace element modeling algorithms. The olivine/liquidD data suggest that basaltic melts in equilibrium with pure olivine may acquire small negative Ta–Hf–Zr–Ti anomalies, but that negative Nb anomalies are unlikely to develop. Misfits between results of the Lattice Strain Model and most light rare earth and large ion lithophile partitioning data suggest that kinetic effects may limit the lower value of D for extremely incompatible elements in natural situations characterized by high cooling/crystallization rates. 相似文献
18.
为研究实际水利条件下农业干旱的发生规律,简化农业干旱事件的评估方法,提出基于区域农业用水量的干旱重现期计算方法。通过构建农业用水量距平百分率干旱指标WA,在基于降雨量距平百分率干旱指标PA识别干旱事件的基础上,提取WA干旱指标下的干旱历时和干旱烈度特征变量,并根据以PA为干旱指标的干旱烈度频率分布曲线FS（x）和干旱历时频率分布曲线FD（x）,运用Copula的简化方法计算基于WA的干旱事件重现期T,最后结合基于PA的干旱事件重现期T0,回归分析出T与T0间关系的计算公式。选取干旱灾害影响严重的亳州市为实证区域开展应用研究,计算得到1975-2007年各场干旱事件的T0和T以及T0与T的经验关系式。结果表明:T比T0更合理地反映区域农业实际受旱状况,重现期T0和T间存在高度的相关关系,采用T的回归方程可简化计算考虑区域实际抗旱能力下的干旱事件重现期,在区域防旱减灾实践中具有推广应用价值。 相似文献
19.
微生物诱导碳酸盐沉淀（MICP）是一种微生物矿化过程,能够胶结松散土体。将其应用于加固土体坡面提高抗降雨侵蚀能力具有潜在的发展前景。通过模拟降雨冲刷试验,对微生物诱导矿化加固前后粉土坡面的径流水动力与侵蚀特性开展研究,分析和讨论了水动力参数之间的相关性以及对土壤剥蚀率的影响规律。结果显示,加固后与加固前相比,粉土坡面径流的弗劳德数平均下降50%;在降雨前期的阻力系数平均下降66%,径流稳定后二者阻力系数接近;径流剪切力平均提高52%。径流系数与坡面入渗速率呈线性负相关（R2=0.857）,与加固层的贯入强度呈指数负相关（R2=0.824）;入渗速率与加固层的贯入强度呈二次负相关R2=0.930）;径流剪切力与坡度呈指数正相关（R2=0.964）。加固粉土坡面的剥蚀率与加固层的贯入强度呈指数负相关（R2=0.822）,与径流剪切力线性正相关（R2=0.912）,临界径流剪切力为0.5 Pa。对于坡度10~25°的粉土坡面,微生物加固能将其剥蚀率从58.2~118.4 g/m2s降至2.4~21.2 g/m2s,剥蚀率最大降幅可达95.0%。粉土坡面经微生物诱导矿化加固后,水动力参数值发生显著变化,径流特性与水动力参数、加固层特性及坡度相关,坡面的抗冲刷侵蚀性能得到有效提升。 相似文献
20.
Weathering effects on the strength and deformational behaviour of crystalline rocks under uniaxial compression state 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Uniaxial compression tests were performed on different categories of weathering of three lithological units: Malanjkhand granite; Nagpur basalt; and Delhi quartzite, occurring in central and northern parts of India. The deformational behaviour is studied in terms of variation in tangent modulus (Et50) and initial modulus (Ei) due to weathering. The power relationship between uniaxial compressive strength (σc) and Et50 shows strong correspondence for weathering sequence of common rock types. This relationship has been established by regression analysis and significant correlation parameter (coefficient of determination, r2=0.87) for crystalline rocks. It is shown that there is a systematic decrease in stiffness ratio, that is, ratio of tangent modulus and uniaxial compressive strength with increased weathering state. Comparison of Et50 and Ei values has shown that Et50 decreases more gradually than Ei, and reduction is more drastic for Ei values with an increased degree of weathering in all the three rock types. The mode of failure has been found to be influenced by weathering extent in rocks. A brief account is given of the intrinsic characteristics of fresh and weathered rocks and mineralogical changes produced by weathering investigated quantitatively. Correlation drawn between the petrographical and mechanical indices has shown that mechanical properties are apparently dependent on the intrinsic characteristics of weathered rocks. 相似文献