To achieve accurate evaluation of evapotranspiration of reference crops (ET0) in Jiangxi, China, in the absence of systematic climatological data, with reference to the FAO-56 Penman–Monteith (P-M) equation, the Priestley-Taylor (P–T) method, the Makkink method, the Hargreaves-Samani (H–S) method, the Irmak-Allen (I-A) method, the Penman1948 (48PM) method, the Penman-Van Bavel (PVB) method, the Baier-Robertson (B-R) method, the improved Baier-Robertson (M-B-R) method, the Schendel (Sch) method, the Turc method, the Jensen-Haise (J-H) method, and the Brutsaert-Stricker (B-S) method were used to evaluate the daily climatological data collected by 26 weather stations in Jiangxi, China, and 17 weather stations in adjacent provinces. The results were compared with each other and parameter rate determination was conducted. The results indicated that the Turc method exhibited optimized applicability before parameter rate determination and the average root mean square error (RMSE) and the average normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) by this method were 0.39 mm/d and 0.157 mm, respectively. However, parameter rate determination led to negligible improvement in accuracy for this method. The Turc method could be directly applied in Jiangxi (except Nanchang). For special distribution of error after parameter rate determination, all methods exhibited significant errors in Northern Jiangxi. Herein, the 48PM method and the B-S method showed good applicability after parameter rate determination and RMSE and NRMSE of data by these methods ranged in 0.06 ~ 0.34 mm/d and 0.08 ~ 0.27, 8 ~ 27%, respectively, and their d-indices were close to 1. The annual over-estimations in weather stations in Jiangxi were below 30 mm. In the absence of data about relative humidity and wind speed, the P–T method was an appropriate simplified method for Jiangxi. In this case, α was slightly lower than the default value (1.05 ~ 1.18), RMSE was within 0.21 ~ 0.66 mm/d, and NRMSE was within 0.08 ~ 0.308 ~ 30%. Accuracy of RMSE, d-index, and NRMSE of data by the P–T method, the I-A method, and the PVB method was consistent with all stations, while that by the Mak method was slightly lower, which could be attributed to severe over-estimation in July and August. RMSE of the H–S method, the B-R method, the M-B-R method, the J-H method, and the Sch method were above 0.75 mm/d and these methods were not suitable for accurate evaluation of ET0 in Jiangxi, China. The annual ET0 was calculated by various methods (except the 48PM method and the B-S method) exhibited significant variation around 2003. This may be attributed to significant changes in certain meteorological factors over recent years.
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在天气预报中,往往要对已发生过的一些重要天气现象进行分析,从中归纳、筛选出一些有用的模式,作为将来预报的一些依据,而对这种模式的建立往往较难,计算量很大。针对这些问题,本文从模式识别的角度出发,利用“感知器分类算法”对预报模式的以别分类做一些理论上的探讨,并给出相应的计算机算法和程序。 相似文献
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基于决策树的郑州市土地利用与覆盖分类研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以Landsat-7 ETM 1-7多波段遥感影像为数据源,采用决策树分类方法对郑州市土地利用及植被覆盖现状进行分类研究.在分析遥感影像波段载波信息量及野外样本选择、室内对比试验的基础上,制定节点上的分类规则,形成土地利用及植被覆盖色斑图,分类精度达到94%.结果表明:决策树方法优于传统的统计学分类方法,对数据并不要求正态分布,并且可以处理来自于遥感数据中的噪音和丢失数据.决策树分类法有诸如分类准确、高效,分类标准明确,分类结构直观、精度易于控制、分类自动化程度高等优势. 相似文献
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在基础地理信息的平台上,以土地利用资料为基础制作植被分类底图,以MODIS的植被指数数据为实时更新数据,研究建立了一套植被分类动态监测与评价的方法,对新疆区域植被实现了动态分类监测与评价。 相似文献
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在过去数十年中,高光谱图像的研究与应用已经完成了从无到有、从差到优的跨越式发展.在对其研究的众多方面中,高光谱图像分类已经成为了一个最热的研究主题.研究表明空间光谱联合的分类方法可以取得比仅依赖光谱信息的逐像素分类方法更好的分类效果.本文将对众多的空间光谱联合分类方法进行归类和分析.首先介绍高光谱图像中相邻像素间的两类空间依赖性关系,因而可将现有的空谱联合分类方法分为依赖固定邻域和自适应邻域两类;此外,还可以依据是否同时利用两类依赖关系将现有方法进一步分为单依赖和双依赖两类.另外,还可以依据空谱信息融合的不同阶段将现有的分类方法划分为预处理方法、一体化方法及后处理方法三类.最后展示几种具有代表性的空间光谱联合分类方法在真实高光谱数据集上的分类结果. 相似文献
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关于公共气象服务的几点思考 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
公共气象服务应顺应改革趋势,以服务引领气象事业的发展和创新。本文通过公共气象服务的纯公共和准公共服务属性界定,分析了现有公共气象服务分类在新形势下存在的利弊,提出服务产品应重视差异化程度、与时俱进,改变重服务产品前段、轻服务产品中段、略服务产品后段的现状,加强产品深度加工,延长气象服务产品链条,对气象信息非法传播宜“堵”与“疏”结合,引导受众正确使用气象服务产品等几点想法。 相似文献
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将B样条拟合算法引入到地面气温资料的质量控制当中,在分析地面气温资料空间相关性的基础上,提出一种基于空间回归的B样条拟合地面气温资料质量控制方法(SRT_BSF方法)。为了检验SRT_BSF方法的有效性及适应性,利用SRT_BSF方法对多个场景地面气温资料进行质量控制,并与反距离加权方法(IDW方法)和空间回归方法(SRT方法)进行比较分析。试验结果表明,SRT_BSF方法相对于IDW方法和SRT方法更能有效地标记出地面气温资料中的存疑数据,同时多组独立案例的分析结果说明SRT_BSF方法具有更好的稳定性和适用性。 相似文献
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Gao Shouting 《大气科学进展》1991,8(2):165-174
In this paper, A-B hybrid equation method is given. This method is different not only from high truncated spec-tral method, but also from amplitude evolution method. Dynamic problem in the baroclinic atmosphere may be transferred into complex Lorenz system by means of the method. Therefore, this method is an effective tool for stud-ying nonlinear bifurcation in wave-flow interaction. Meanwhile, it is of advantage to use this method, because it can overcome a lot of difficulties existing in high truncated spectral method and amplitude evolution method. 相似文献
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分别基于微波辐射计温湿度廓线资料的气块法、位温法和比湿法,地面气象资料的罗氏法及气溶胶激光雷达数据的梯度法,计算得出广州地区大气边界层高度,对比分析5种边界层高度结果及其与气象条件、空气质量之间的关系,结合典型大气污染过程分析边界层高度对PM2.5、O3浓度的影响。结果显示:（1）利用位温法、气块法、罗氏法、比湿法和梯度法计算得出广州地区平均边界层高度分别为2 207 m、1 239 m、901 m、717 m和660 m,位温法显著高估了广州地区的边界层高度;（2）利用气块法得出的混合层高度日变化能够较好地表征白天大气边界层演变特征,利用气块法和比湿法得出的白天混合层高度与近地面O3浓度有显著的正相关关系,相关系数在0.5以上,在O3污染防治中,应同时考虑边界层内垂直输送的影响;（3）利用梯度法得出的边界层高度在污染天气时与PM2.5浓度的相关性较好,能较好地表现出大气污染情况,在PM2.5污染天气过程分析中具有较好的应用价值。 相似文献
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The bandpass eddy covariance method has been used to measure the turbulent flux of scalar quantities using a slow-responsescalar sensor. The method issimilar in principle to the traditional eddy correlation method but includes the estimation of high-frequency components of the flux on the basis of cospectral similarity in the atmospheric surface layer. In order to investigate the performance of the method, measurements of the water vapour flux over a forest with the bandpass eddy covariance method and the direct eddy correlation method were compared. The flux obtained by the bandpass eddy covariance method agreed with that by the eddy correlation method within ±20% for most cases, in spite of a rather slow sensor-response of the adopted hygrometer. This result supports its relevance to a long-term continuous operation, since a stable, low-maintenance,general-purpose sensor canbe utilized for scalar quantities. Oneweak point of the method isits difficulty in principle to measure the correct flux when the magnitude of the sensible heat flux is very small, because the method uses the sensible heat flux as a standard reference for the prediction of undetectable high-frequency components of the scalar flux. An advanced method is then presented to increase its robustness. In the new method, output signals from a slow-response sensor are corrected using empirical frequency-responsefunctions for the sensor,thereby extending the width of the bandpass frequency region where components of the flux are directly measured (not predicted). The advanced method produced correct fluxes for all cases including the cases of small sensible heat flux. The advanced bandpass eddy covariance method is thus appropriate for along-term measurement of the scalar fluxes. 相似文献
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Lu Xianghui Zhang Haina Han Yixiu Bai Hua Li Erhui 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2022,147(1-2):73-86
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陆地生态系统温室气体排放（吸收）测量方法简评 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
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本文提出在HIRS/2视场中部分有云情况下,由一组相邻视场测值反演晴空辐射的一种方法,并用数值模拟试验对这种方法的精度与Aoki的Q8方法进行了比较,其精度比Aoki的Q8方法有相当大的提高。 相似文献
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该文采用EC细网格2 m温度预报场及国家站实况资料,通过滑动平均法、双权重滑动平均法、多项式拟合法以及最佳系数法对EC细网格2 m温度在黔南州的预报进行订正分析,结果显示:4种方法订正后最高气温7 d平均准确率分别提升了12.70%~17.84%,最低气温7 d平均准确率分别提升了1.14%~2.86%。对于高温预报,最佳系数法订正效果最优,其次是多项式拟合法,对于最低气温,前3 d采用滑动平均法订正效果最明显,第4 d开始则采用最佳系数法订正,订正效果更明显。4种订正方法均在7-9月效果最明显。黔南州西部及中部地区多项式拟合法订正效果更好,州东南部地区最佳系数法与滑动平均法订正效果更好,但在120 h时效后滑动平均法的订正效果明显下降,州北部地区最佳系数法订正效果更为明显。 相似文献
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