To achieve accurate evaluation of evapotranspiration of reference crops (ET0) in Jiangxi, China, in the absence of systematic climatological data, with reference to the FAO-56 Penman–Monteith (P-M) equation, the Priestley-Taylor (P–T) method, the Makkink method, the Hargreaves-Samani (H–S) method, the Irmak-Allen (I-A) method, the Penman1948 (48PM) method, the Penman-Van Bavel (PVB) method, the Baier-Robertson (B-R) method, the improved Baier-Robertson (M-B-R) method, the Schendel (Sch) method, the Turc method, the Jensen-Haise (J-H) method, and the Brutsaert-Stricker (B-S) method were used to evaluate the daily climatological data collected by 26 weather stations in Jiangxi, China, and 17 weather stations in adjacent provinces. The results were compared with each other and parameter rate determination was conducted. The results indicated that the Turc method exhibited optimized applicability before parameter rate determination and the average root mean square error (RMSE) and the average normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) by this method were 0.39 mm/d and 0.157 mm, respectively. However, parameter rate determination led to negligible improvement in accuracy for this method. The Turc method could be directly applied in Jiangxi (except Nanchang). For special distribution of error after parameter rate determination, all methods exhibited significant errors in Northern Jiangxi. Herein, the 48PM method and the B-S method showed good applicability after parameter rate determination and RMSE and NRMSE of data by these methods ranged in 0.06 ~ 0.34 mm/d and 0.08 ~ 0.27, 8 ~ 27%, respectively, and their d-indices were close to 1. The annual over-estimations in weather stations in Jiangxi were below 30 mm. In the absence of data about relative humidity and wind speed, the P–T method was an appropriate simplified method for Jiangxi. In this case, α was slightly lower than the default value (1.05 ~ 1.18), RMSE was within 0.21 ~ 0.66 mm/d, and NRMSE was within 0.08 ~ 0.308 ~ 30%. Accuracy of RMSE, d-index, and NRMSE of data by the P–T method, the I-A method, and the PVB method was consistent with all stations, while that by the Mak method was slightly lower, which could be attributed to severe over-estimation in July and August. RMSE of the H–S method, the B-R method, the M-B-R method, the J-H method, and the Sch method were above 0.75 mm/d and these methods were not suitable for accurate evaluation of ET0 in Jiangxi, China. The annual ET0 was calculated by various methods (except the 48PM method and the B-S method) exhibited significant variation around 2003. This may be attributed to significant changes in certain meteorological factors over recent years.
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Lu Xianghui Zhang Haina Han Yixiu Bai Hua Li Erhui 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2022,147(1-2):73-86
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基于社交媒体数据的城市人群分类与活动特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
空间信息技术已开始进入全空间信息系统发展阶段,即将空间信息系统的范畴从传统测绘空间扩展到宇宙空间、室内空间、微观空间等可量测空间。位置大数据不仅是全空间信息系统的重要研究对象之一,而且也成为了广域全空间中了解人们生活方式以及城市动态变化的一种有效途径。本文基于社交媒体数据中的位置签到数据,提出一种不同于传统以社会经济属性为依据的城市人群分类方法。首先利用签到数据的时间序列构造矩阵模型;然后,通过分析用户签到活动的时间特征,采用K-means聚类算法和K近邻算法（K-NN）识别出具有不同时空行为特征的城市人群（静态居民、动态居民、通勤者以及访问者）;最后,本文根据得到的人群分类结果,通过分析不同类型人群的时空间行为特征,发现不同类型人群时空间行为的差异性与潜在规律性,从而为表征城市人群的组成结构及特征,研究城市时空结构提供一种新的视角。 相似文献
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北半球夏季中高纬海洋声散射层分布研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用第八次北极调查走航ADCP后向散射强度数据，结合太阳高度、海冰密集度和实测水体环境参数数据，统计分析了中高纬海洋声散射层的时空变化特征。结果表明，纬度越高，声散射层在海表滞留时间越短，即使在极昼期间及全海冰覆盖海域，虽然其迁移幅度和后向散射强度减弱，但仍受太阳高度变化影响，且二者具有较强的时序相关性；在北极中央海域，不仅声散射层迁移活动较弱，且出现无明显散射层的情况，可能是因为该海域浮游动物和鱼类聚集度相对较低且迁移活动微弱，超出了本文所用ADCP的探测精度范围；从鄂霍次克海至白令海西南海域，往返ADCP数据均显示有两个后向散射强度上高下低，但垂直迁移时间同步的声散射层，且二者间距随纬度增加而逐渐减小并合为一体，这可能是由不同生活习性的海洋生物造成的。 相似文献
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Erhui?Li Xingmin?MuEmail author Guangju?ZhaoEmail author Peng?Gao Wenyi?Sun 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2017,31(7):1791-1803
Check dam has become an efficient measure to control sediment transport and soil erosion in the gully areas. It plays an important role in soil erosion control and agricultural production in the Loess Plateau. Due to construction of numerous check dams, it is necessary to assess the impact of check dams on runoff and sediment load at basin scale. This study applied the SWAT model to simulate monthly runoff and sediment load in the Huangfuchuan basin in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. Twenty key check dams are coupled to the SWAT model simulation in the calibration (1978–1984) and validation period (1985–1989). The determination coefficient (R 2) and the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (NS) were 0.94 and 0.83 for runoff, and 0.82 and 0.81 for sediment load in the calibration period, respectively. During the validation period, the R 2 and NS were 0.93 and 0.80 for runoff, and 0.90 and 0.83 for sediment load respectively. The results showed that the model simulation was acceptable. Subsequently, the calibrated model was used to examine the effect of check dams on runoff and sediment load between 1990 and 2012. It showed that the increasing check dams contributed 24.8 and 27.7% to the decrease of annual runoff and sediment load during the period of 1990–1999, whereas it reached up to 65.2% for runoff decline and 78.3% for sediment load reduction within 2000–2012. Overall, this study illustrated a case study of the dominant role of check dams on variation of runoff and sediment load in the Huangfuchuan basin. 相似文献
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为表征剩余油的分布规律,以及井网后期加密调整提供理论参考,利用叠加原理,求解考虑启动压力梯度的七点井网稳态压力方程,用压力公式推导流函数模拟井网单元间的流线分布.结果表明:考虑启动压力梯度时井网单元内存在流体流动区和不动区,定义为流动面积与井网单元面积比值的有效动用因数随储层参数变化而变化,启动压力梯度越大,有效动用程度越低,增加储层有效渗透率(如酸化、压裂)、增大注采压差和缩小注采井距能提高有效动用因数;储层物性较差时,缩小井距是提高有效动用因数的有效方式,储层物性较好时增大生产压差效果更好. 相似文献
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应用Mann-Kendall秩次相关检验、流量历时曲线法、双累积曲线法等方法对黄河干流陕县站和河口镇站1919—2010年径流量演变过程进行了分析。结果表明:区域面平均降水量趋势性变化不显著,而上游（河口镇站以上）及中游（河口镇—陕县）年径流量自1985年以来呈显著减少趋势,中游径流量的降幅高于上游。黄河径流量变化具有明显阶段性,上游和中游径流量变化都经历了枯水期—丰水期—枯水期3个时期,现在黄河正处于枯水期。采用双累积曲线法,定量分析降水和人类活动对径流量的影响,上游和中游人类活动对径流量减少的影响程度分别占88.1%和84.9%,水利水保工程、生产生活用水等人类活动是引起黄河径流量减少的主要因素。 相似文献
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城市交通拥堵问题已经成为当今世界许多城市发展过程中面临的一个严峻问题。针对这一问题,全空间信息系统通过对复杂、动态的交通拥堵过程进行多粒度抽象、多尺度建模和多层次综合分析,为解决城市交通拥堵提供了新的途径。当城市交通发生严重堵塞时,通常伴随着“道路拥堵”预警信息传播,用以影响人类的出行活动,从而在一定程度上影响交通拥堵传播。为了深入分析城市交通网络拥堵的动态演进过程,本文建立了交通拥堵传播的改进易感-感染-易感（susceptible-in fected-susceptible,SIS）的病毒传播模型,利用状态转移概率方法,基于多层复杂网络分析交通拥堵和预警信息交互传播的动力学行为特征,揭示预警信息传播对交通拥堵传播的影响。该方法不仅能够描述基于交通流传播特点的拥堵传播过程,而且能够描述交通网络中的预警信息传播过程。数字仿真实验表明,交通拥堵的传播过程与交通网络中的预警信息传播动力学之间存在关联关系。 相似文献
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