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1.
We present the results of a comparative study of several geochronometer minerals (baddeleyite, zircon, apatite, phlogopite and tetraferriphlogopite) and isotopic systems (U-Pb, Th-Pb and Rb-Sr) from phoscorites (magnetite-forsterite-apatite-calcite rocks) and carbonatites of the Kovdor ultramafic-alkaline-carbonatite massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Uranium, thorium and their decay products are extremely fractionated by minerals that crystallise from carbonatite and phoscorite magma. We obtain high-precision ages from different chronometers, compare their accuracy, and evaluate the role of geochronological pitfalls of initial radioactive disequilibrium, differential migration of radiogenic isotopes, and inaccurate decay constants.Apatite yielded concordant U-Th-Pb ages between 376 and 380 Ma. The accuracy of the apatite 238U-206Pb ages is, however, compromised by uncertainty in the amount of radiogenic 206Pb produced from initial excess 230Th. The 235U-207Pb ages are relatively imprecise due to large common Pb correction and the uncertainty in the initial Pb isotopic composition. The Th-Pb system yields a more precise age of 376.4 ± 0.6 Ma.Zircon from two carbonatite samples is characterised by moderate to low U contents, high Th contents, and very high Th/U ratios up to 9000. The 206Pb*/238U systems in the zircon are strongly affected by the presence of excess 206Pb*, produced by decay of initial 230Th. The 208Pb*/232Th ages of zircon from both carbonatite samples are uniform and yield a weighted average of 377.52 ± 0.94 Ma.Baddeleyite U-Pb analyses are 3 to 6% normally discordant and have variable 207Pb*/206Pb* apparent ages. Eleven alteration-free baddeleyite fractions from three samples with no evidence for Pb loss yield uniform 206Pb*/238U ages with a weighted average of 378.54±0.23 Ma (378.64 Ma after correction for initial 230Th deficiency), which we consider the best estimate for age of the phoscorite-carbonatite body of the Kovdor massif. The 206Pb*/238U ages of baddeleyite fractions from five other samples spread between 378.5 and 373 Ma, indicating a variable lead loss up to 1.5%. The anomalously old 207Pb/235U and 207Pb/206Pb ages are consistent with the presence of excess radiogenic 207Pb* in the baddeleyite. We interpret this as a result of preferential partitioning of 231Pa to baddeleyite.Fifteen phlogopite and tetraferriphlogopite fractions from five carbonatite and phoscorite samples yielded precise Rb-Sr isochron age of 372.2 ± 1.5 Ma, which is 5 to 7 m.y. younger than our best estimate based on U-Th-Pb age values. This difference is unlikely to be a result of the disturbance or late closure of Rb-Sr system in phlogopite, but rather suggests that the accepted decay constant of 87Rb is too high.Comparative study of multiple geochronometer minerals from the Kovdor massif has revealed an exceptional complexity of isotopic systems. Reliable ages can be understood through systematic analysis of possible sources of distortion. No single geochronometer is sufficiently reliable in these rocks. Th-Pb and Rb-Sr can be a very useful supplement to U-Pb geochronometry, but the routine use of these geochronometers together will require more precise and accurate determination of decay constants for 232Th and 87Rb.  相似文献   

2.
U–Pb isotopic analyses indicate that ores from the South Zhuguang uranium ore field, south China, have high common (non‐radiogenic) Pb contents, with variable and relatively radiogenic initial Pb contents. The U–Pb isochron method was used to date these ores, with plots of 208Pb/204Pb and 207Pb/204Pb versus 206Pb/204Pb being used to identify sample suites with similar initial Pb isotopic ratios and to normalize variable initial Pb isotopic ratios. The resulting U–Pb isochrons indicate two substages of uranium mineralization at ~57 and 52 Ma, with a later hydrothermal reformation at ~49 Ma, which homogenized Pb isotopic compositions. Initial Pb isotopic systematics indicate that the ore‐forming fluid was characterized by high 206Pb/204Pb and 207Pb/204Pb ratios and low 208Pb/204Pb ratios, suggesting that the ore‐forming fluid was sourced from Cretaceous–Paleogene red‐bed basins, rather than from magma or the mantle, with consideration of mineralization ages.  相似文献   

3.
This paper evaluates the analytical precision, accuracy and long‐term reliability of the U‐Pb age data obtained using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) with a frequency quintupled Nd‐YAG (λ = 213nm) laser ablation system. The U‐Pb age data for seven standard zircons of various ages, from 28 Ma to 2400 Ma (FCT, SL13, 91500, AS3, FC1, QGNG and PMA7) were obtained with an ablation pit size of 30 μm diameter. For 207Pb/206Pb ratio measurement, the mean isotopic ratio obtained on National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) SRM610 over 4 months was 0.9105 ± 0.0014 (n = 280, 95% confidence), which agrees well with the published value of 0.9096. The time‐profile of Pb/U ratios during single spot ablation showed no significant difference in shape from NIST SRM610 and 91500 zircon standards. These results encouraged the use of the glass standard as a calibration standard for the Pb/U ratio determination for zircons with shorter wavelength (λ = 213 nm) laser ablation. But 206Pb/238U and 207Pb/235U ages obtained by this method for seven zircon standards are systematically younger than the published U‐Pb ages obtained by both isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID‐TIMS) and sensitive high‐resolution ion‐microprobe (SHRIMP). Greater discrepancies (3–4% younger ages) were found for the 206Pb/238U ages for SL13, AS3 and 91500 zircons. The origin of the differences could be heterogeneity in Pb/U ratio on SRM610 between the different disks, but a matrix effect accuracy either in the ICP ion source or in the ablation‐transport processes of the sample aerosols cannot be neglected. When the 206Pb/238U (= 0.2302) newly defined in the present study is used, the measured 206Pb/238U and 207Pb/235U ages for the seven zircon standards are in good agreement with those from ID‐TIMS and SHRIMP within ±2%. This suggests that SRM610 glass standard is suitable for ICP‐MS with laser ablation sampling (LA‐ICP‐MS) zircon analysis, but it is necessary to determine the correction factor for 206Pb/238U by measuring several zircon standards in individual laboratories.  相似文献   

4.
The Francevillian Group in Gabonese Republic was recently established as a typical sedimentary sequence for the Paleoproterozoic.However,its age is rather poorly constrained,mainly based on Rb-Sr and Nd-Sm datings.This study reports new zircon data obtained from Chaillu massif and N'goutou complex,which constrain the protolith age of the basement orthogneisses and the igneous age of an intrusive granite,respectively.Most zircons from the orthogneisses are blue and exhibit oscillatory zoning in cathode-luminescence images.Zircons with lower common lead abundances tend to be distributed close to the concordia curve.Two age clusters around 2860 Ma and 2910 Ma are found in zircons plotted on the concordia curve.Based on the Th/U ratios of zircons,these ages correspond to the protolith ages of the orthogneisses,and the zircons are not metamorphic in origin.Syenites and granites were collected from the N'goutou complex that intrudes into the FA and FB units of the Francevillian Group.The granitoids exhibit chemical composition of A-type granite affinity.Half of zircons separated from the granite are non-luminous,and the remaining half exhibit obscure internal textures under cathode-luminescence observation.All zircon grains contain significant amounts of common lead;the lead isotopic variability is probably attributed to the mixing of two components in the zircons.The zircon radiogenic ~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb ratio is 0.13707 ± 0.0010.corresponding to a ~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb age of 2191 ± 13 Ma.This constrains the minimum depositional age of the FA and FB units.Furthermore,the FB unit consists of manganese-rich carbonate rocks and organic carbon-rich black shales with macroscopic fossils.Based on our age constraints,these organisms appeared in the study area just after the last Paleoproterozoic Snowball Earth event,in concert with global scale oxidation event encompassing the Snowball Earth.  相似文献   

5.
扬子板块西缘黄草山和下索子花岗岩体锆石U-Pb年代学研究   总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17  
对扬子板块西缘泸定—石棉地区黄草山花岗岩体和康定地区下索子花岗岩体中自形锆石,采用205Pb-235U混合同位素稀释法测定了锆石U-Pb年龄。测试结果表明,黄草山岩体中锆石结晶年龄为786±36Ma,下索子岩体中锆石结晶年龄为805±15Ma,表明它们都是晋宁期岩浆活动产物。  相似文献   

6.
A technique has been developed and tested to analyse 207Pb/206Pb apparent ages by thermal evaporation of radiogenic lead directly from untreated whole zircon grains (0.3 mm). The evaporation analyses are performed in the double-filament arrangement of a thermal ion mass spectrometer (ThIMS). The method is a powerful tool to distinguish between different lead components occurring in the same grain because differing activation energies of the competing lead components cause their sequential evaporation from the zircons. The evaporation of test samples results in 207Pb/206Pb apparent ages in good agreement with U/Pb ages known from literature: single zircons from a granite of the Marble Mountains/California yield an age of crystallization of 1,410±30 Ma; Ceylon zircons from heavy-mineral bearing gravels yield 560± 40 Ma as age of crystallization of the pegmatitic gravel sources; individuals from a heterogeneous zircon population of a diatexite from the Southern Schwarzwald/SW-Germany indicate metamorphic zircon formation around 500 Ma and the existence of Middle-Proterozoic relics (1.95±0.05 Ga).The evaporation analyses revealed closed-system U/Pb evolution of the crystalline domains of all investigated zircons irrespective of discordancy-trends documented by U/Pb analyses on related zircon concentrates. Therefore the majority of discordia-lines derived from U/Pb isotope distributions of zircon samples are supposed to be due to phase mixing. Lead components from the crystalline domains are concordant end members of the mixing arrays. Open-system behaviour and U/Pb fractionation should be attributed only to phases with low Pb activation energies eg. metamict zircon domains or intergrown non-zircon minerals.  相似文献   

7.
Shales of the ca. 3.0 Ga Buhwa Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe, were derived from a compositionally diverse provenance whose ages, determined by ion probe analyses of detrital zircons in interbedded sandstones, range from 3.8 to 3.1 Ga. Geochemical data for the shales were previously interpreted to indicate that sediments had been derived from an intensely weathered source. REE concentrations in the shales were interpreted to suggest that the provenance was compositionally mixed, with components of felsic (tonalite and alkalic granitoid) and mafic rocks. Sm/Nd and Nd isotopic compositions of these rocks can be used to model initial Nd isotopic ratios at the time of sedimentation (εNdsed), as well as model crustal formation ages (TDM). The former, at the age of sedimentation, range from +0.6 to −10.8, consistent with a range of provenance ages. The latter range from 4.46 Ga to 2.99 Ga. The oldest crustal formation ages, up to 0.7 Ga older than known detrital components, are interpreted here to indicate that the Sm-Nd system of the sediments experienced open system behavior. The implied alteration would have included an increase in Sm/Nd by about 20-25 percent, probably in the form of preferential loss of Nd with respect to Sm. The Pb isotopic compositions of whole rock samples are quite radiogenic, with a range of 206Pb/204Pb from 25.5 to 154. An array of ten samples lies scattered about a line with a 207Pb/204Pb -206Pb/204Pb slope age of about 2.73 Ga. Five individual samples were sequentially leached to further test the timing and characteristics of this U-Th-Pb alteration event. These arrays of a whole rock, three leach steps, and a residue also form linear Pb-Pb arrays (one is more scattered) with ages ranging from 2260 ± 360 Ma to 2824 ± 170 Ma, suggesting that all samples experienced a latest Archean to earliest Proterozoic enrichment in U/Pb. This age range also may be the approximate age of Sm/Nd enrichment for the shales. All samples, both whole rocks and leached samples, lie grouped on a 208Pb/204Pb - 206Pb/204Pb diagram around a line with 232Th/238U = 3.5 (2.9 to 3.9). Because of the lack of large differences in the Th/U of the samples through large ranges of U/Pb, we interpret this consistency in Th/U to mean that the shales of the Buhwa belt experienced Pb loss, rather than U and Th gain. Circumstances that may be responsible for Pb loss in a sedimentary basin include loss of saline fluids during basin dewatering. Such an event would likely have been related to folding associated with the thrusting and magmatic intrusion of the adjacent Limpopo Belt, suggesting that uplift, dewatering, and geochemical and isotopic alteration can be genetically related.  相似文献   

8.
We have developed new analytical procedures to measure precise and accurate 238U–206Pb and 235U–207Pb ages for young (~ 1 Ma) zircons using laser ablation‐ICP‐mass spectrometry. For young zircons, both careful correction for the background counts and analysis of very small Pb/U ratios (i.e., 206Pb/238U < 0.00016 and 207Pb/235U < 0.0001 for 1 Ma zircons) are highly desired. For the correction of the background, the contribution of the background signal intensities for the analytes, especially for the residual signal intensities for 206Pb and 207Pb, was defined through laser ablation of synthesised zircons (ablation blank) containing negligible Pb. The measured signal intensities for 202Hg, 206Pb and 207Pb signals obtained by the ablation blank were slightly higher than those obtained by data acquisition without laser ablation (gas blank). For the wider dynamic range measurements on Pb/U ratios, an attenuator device for the ion detection system was employed to extend the capability to monitor high‐intensity signals (i.e., > 3 Mcps). Through the attenuator device, the ion currents were reduced to 1/450 of the signal intensity without the attenuator. Because the switching time for the attenuator was shorter than 1 ms, signal intensities for only specific isotopes could be reduced. With attenuation of the 238U signal, counting statistics on 206Pb and 207Pb isotopes could be improved and counting loss on the 238U signal could be minimised. To demonstrate the reliability of this new analytical technique, 238U–206Pb and 235U–207Pb ages for three young zircon samples (collected from Osaka Group Pink Volcanic Ash, Kirigamine and Bishop Tuff) were measured. The data presented here demonstrate clearly that the present technique could become a major analytical tool for in situ U–Pb age determination of young zircons (~ 1 Ma).  相似文献   

9.
Correct interpretation of zircon ages from high-grade metamorphic terrains poses a major challenge because of the differential response of the U–Pb system to metamorphism, and many aspects like pressure–temperature conditions, metamorphic mineral transformations and textural properties of the zircon crystals have to be explored. A large (c. 450?km2) coherent migmatite complex was recently discovered in the Bohemian Massif, Central European Variscides. Rocks from this complex are characterized by granulite- and amphibolite-facies mineral assemblages and, based on compositional and isotopic trends, are identified as the remnants of a magma body derived from mixing between tonalite and supracrustal rocks. Zircon crystals from the migmatites are exclusively large (200–400?μm) and yield 207Pb/206Pb evaporation ages between 342–328?Ma and single-grain zircon fractions analysed by U–Pb ID-TIMS method plot along the concordia curve between 342 and 325?Ma. High-resolution U–Pb SHRIMP analyses substantiate the existence of a resolvable age variability and yield older 206Pb/238U ages (342–330?Ma, weighted mean age?=?333.6?±?3.1?Ma) for inner zone domains without relict cores and younger 206Pb/238U ages (333–320?Ma, weighted mean age?=?326.0?±?2.8?Ma) for rim domains. Pre-metamorphic cores were identified only in one sample (206Pb/238U ages at 375.0?±?3.9, 420.3?±?4.4 and 426.2?±?4.4?Ma). Most zircon ages bracket the time span between granulite-facies metamorphism in the Bohemian Massif (~345?Ma) and the late-Variscan anatectic overprint (Bavarian phase, ~325?Ma). It is argued that pre-existing zircon was variously affected by these metamorphic events and that primary magmatic growth zones were replaced by secondary textures as a result of diffusion reaction processes and replacement of zircon by dissolution and recrystallization followed by new zircon rim growth. Collectively, the results show that the zircons equilibrated during high-grade metamorphism and record partial loss of radiogenic Pb during post-peak granulite events and new growth under subsequent anatectic conditions.  相似文献   

10.
A variety of pre-Variscan granitoids and two Variscan monzogranites occurring in the central and western parts of the Lusatian Granodiorite Complex (LGC), Saxonia were dated by the single zircon evaporation method, complemented by whole rock Nd isotopic data and Rb-Sr whole rock and mineral ages. The virtually undeformed pre-Variscan granitoids constitute a genetically related, mostly peraluminous magmatic suite, ranging in composition from two-mica granodiorite, muscovitebearing biotite quartz diorite (tonalite) and granodiorite to biotite granodiorite and monozogranite. 207Pb/206Pb isotopic ratios derived from the evaporation of single zircons separated from 13 samples representing the above rock types display complex spectra which document significant involvement of late Archaean to late Proterozoic continental crust in the generation of the granitoid melts. Mean 207/Pb/206Pb ages for zircons considered to reflect the time of igneous emplacement range between 542 ± 9 and 587 ± 17 Ma, typical of the Cadomian event elsewhere in Europe, whereas zircon xenocrysts yielded ages between 706 ± 13 and 2932 ± Ma. Detrital zircons from greywackes intruded by the granitoids and found as xenoliths in them provided ages between 1136 ± 22 and 2 574 ± Ma. Rb-Sr whole rock data display good to reasonable linear arrays that, with one exception, correspond to the emplacement ages established for the zircons. Two post-tectonic Variscan monzogranites yielded identical 207/Pb/206Pb single zircon ages of 304 ± 14 Ma and record the end of Variscan granitoid activity in the LGC.The variations in Nd and Sr isotopic data of the Cadomian granitoids are consistent with an origin through the melting and mixing of Archean to early Proterozoic crust with variable proportions of mantle-derived, juvenile magmas. Such mixing may have occurred at the base of an active continental margin or in an intraplate setting through plume-related magmatic underplating. The LGC is interpreted here as a Cadomian (Pan-African) terrane distinct from adjacent Variscan and pre-Variscan domains, the origin of which remains obscure and which probably became involved in Palaeozoic terrane accretion late in the Variscan event.  相似文献   

11.
1 Introduction According to recent researches, the North China Craton consists of three parts: the eastern block, western block and central zone (Zhao, 2001; Wilde et al., 2002). Paleoarchean continental blocks and zircon residuals have only been found in a few regions, such as Anshan, East Liaoning (Liu et al., 1992; Song et al., 1996; Wan et al., 2002, 2005), Caozhuang, East Hebei (Liu et al., 1992) and Xinyang, West Henan (Zheng et al., 2004), which are mainly distributed in the east…  相似文献   

12.
Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is capable of measuring isotopic and elemental abundances in geologic materials easily and rapidly. Although the precision of isotope ratio data obtained by ICP-MS is inferior to that by thermal ionization mass spectrometry, it is adequate for application to a number of geochemical exploration problems.National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Pb metal standard reference material 981 (NBS981), was used as the isotopic standard to correct the measured isotope intensities for mass discrimination. The mean relative standard deviation (RSD) of the determinations of the abundances of 206Pb, 207Pb, and 208Pb in the two other NIST Pb isotope reference materials, NBS981 and NBS982, was better than 0.3%, whereas the RSD for the determination of the less abundant 204Pb was 0.4%. Accuracy was demonstrated by repeated analysis of NBS981, NBS982, and NBS983. The Student t-statistic ranged between −1.75 and 2.04 for the abundances of the 4 Pb isotopes in the three NIST materials.Data from a suite of 13 uraninite-rich samples from Labrador demonstrate the ability of ICP-MS to determine age and geochemical information sufficient for regional interpretations. The determined radiogenic 207Pb/206Pb ratios of 12 of the samples give ages between 1697 and 1805 Ma with average uncertainties (one standard deviation) of 4 Ma, whereas one of the samples has an age of 495 ± 4 Ma. The average age of the 12 samples was 1752 ± 27 Ma. Along with the Pb isotope intensities, 232Th and 238U were measured and the U-Pb age determined from a fit of the 206Pb/238U vs. 207Pb/235U for 9 of the samples. The concordia intercept age of 1740 Ma for the best-fit line is in good agreement with the mean 207Pb/206Pb age of 1752 Ma.  相似文献   

13.
The results of geochronological studies on columbite-tantalite and monazite from the rare metal pegmatites of the Kawadgaon–Challanpara area in Bastar craton, central India are presented. Columbite-tantalite yielded U-Pb concordia upper intercept age of 1978±16 Ma (MSWD = 0.18). Radiogenic 207Pb*/206Pb* (T7/6) ages on 4 out of 5 columbite-tantalite vary in a narrow range of 1903 to 2077 Ma and are similar to U-Pb age, whereas, one sample shows younger 207Pb*/206Pb*(T7/6) age of 1728 Ma. Younger Pb-Pb age of 1744 ± 250 Ma (MSWD = 150) has also been indicated by these columbite-tantalite samples. Four out of five monazite samples define Pb-Pb errorchron age of 2050±370 Ma (MSWD = 165) and radiogenic 207Pb*/206Pb* (T7/6) ages on 3 out of 5 monazites show a narrow range of 1983 to 2083 Ma. Other two samples show younger 207Pb*/206Pb*(T7/6) ages as 1254 Ma and 1592Ma. Both monazite and columbite-tantalite indicate disturbance in Pb and U isotopic systematics as revealed by high MSWD. However, selected samples from both monazite and columbite-tantalite indicate age of their formation as c. 2000 Ma. Younger ages, i.e., 1254 to 1744 Ma are indicative of later geological disturbances. Reported age of c. 2000 Ma is comparable to Rb-Sr date of pegmatitic muscovite (1850-2330 Ma) from this area and is younger to intrusive granites of c. 2500 Ma. By analogy, therefore, it may be inferred that the age of the rare element mineralization may be ~2000 Ma old, and linked with younger granitic activity that spanned over the period from 2300 to 2100 Ma in the Bastar craton.  相似文献   

14.
Zircon is a key mineral in geochemical and geochronological studies in a range of geological settings as it is mechanically and chemically robust. However, distortion of its crystal lattice can facilitate enhanced diffusion of key elements such as U and Pb. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis of ninety-nine zircons from the Lewisian Gneiss Complex (LGC) of northwest Scotland has revealed five zircons with lattice distortion. The distortion can take the form of gradual bending of the lattice or division of the crystal into subgrains. Zircon lattices are distorted because of either post-crystallisation plastic distortion or growth defects. Three of the five distorted zircons, along with many of the undistorted zircons in the population, were analysed by ion microprobe to measure U and Pb isotopes, Ti and REEs. Comparison of Th/U ratio, 207Pb/206Pb age, REE profile and Ti concentration between zircons with and without lattice distortion suggests that the distortion is variably affecting the concentration of these trace elements and isotopes within single crystals, within samples and between localities. REE patterns vary heterogeneously, sometimes relatively depleted in heavy REEs or lacking a Eu anomaly. Ti-in-zircon thermometry records temperatures that were either low (~700 °C) or high (>900 °C) relative to undistorted zircons. One distorted zircon records apparent 207Pb/206Pb isotopic ages (?3.0 to +0.3 % discordance) in the range of ~2,420–2,450 Ma but this does not correlate with any previously dated tectonothermal event in the LGC. Two other distorted zircons give discordant ages of 2,331 ± 22 and 2,266 ± 40 Ma, defining a discordia lower intercept within error of a late amphibolite-facies tectonothermal event. This illustrates that Pb may be mobilised in distorted zircons at lower metamorphic grade than in undistorted zircons. These differences in trace element abundances and isotope systematics in distorted zircons relative to undistorted zircons are generally interpreted to have been facilitated by subgrain walls. Trace elements and isotopes would have moved from undistorted lattice into these subgrain walls as their chemical potential is modified due to the presence of the dislocations which make up the subgrain wall. Subgrain walls provided pathways for chemical exchange between crystal and surroundings. Only five per cent of zircons in this population have lattice distortion suggesting it will not have a major impact on zircon geochronology studies, particularly as three of the five distorted zircons are from strongly deformed rocks not normally sampled in such studies. However, this does suggest there may be a case for EBSD analysis of zircons prior to geochemical analysis when zircons from highly deformed rocks are to be investigated.  相似文献   

15.
Using a state‐of‐the‐art 193 nm‐LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS system and with careful control of analytical procedures, the long term external reproducibility and accuracy of the ages Phanerozoic zircons measured over a period of months using calibrator bracketing for the 206Pb/238U and 207Pb/206Pb ages were ca. 1% (2 RSD) if a single reference zircon was used for the matrix‐matched calibration. When different reference zircons were used for the calibration, suspicious systematic shifts in the obtained ages were observed and thus a reduction in the overall accuracy of the dating method became obvious. Such shifts were within a few percent range of the U‐Pb and Pb/Pb ages and seemed to vary independently of zircon age and composition. A “test of accuracy” experiment was conducted reducing instrumental effects as far as possible by analysing five different reference zircons mounted on a single mount eight times during the same session. An identical protocol was used for all analyses, with unchanged instrument parameters and with ion beam intensities kept as identical as possible. For data reduction, every zircon served consecutively as the reference zircon for calibration, with the others in the batch treated as unknowns. The known reference age and the four calculated ages obtained using the four other RMs for calibration were then compared. Even using such a strict analytical protocol, shifts in 206Pb/238U, 207Pb/235U and 207Pb/206Pb ratios were still present. They varied non‐systematically and ranged from ?4.35% to 3.08% for the investigated age range (1065 Ma to 226 Ma). Assuming the absence of instrumental effects (i.e., memory, dead‐time correction, non‐linearity of ion counters and interdetector calibration, crystallographic orientation, ablation cell geometry and setup, gas flows), the observed shifts were attributed to matrix and/or ablation related effects. It is proposed that non‐spectral matrix effects in the Ar plasma torch resulted in non‐uniform signal enhancement (or depression?) leading to shifts both in elemental and Pb isotopic ratios. Additionally, the ablated particle size distribution could be an important factor controlling plasma conditions and thus mass bias and fractionation. Until such effects are well understood and controlled, it would seem that any LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U‐Pb and 207Pb/206Pb age determination cannot be meaningfully interpreted at below a ca. 3% to 4% (2 RSD) confidence level.  相似文献   

16.
We have undertaken petrologic and SHRIMP U-Th-Pb isotopic studies on zircons from basaltic eucrites (Yamato [Y]-75011, Y-792510, Asuka [A]-881388, A-881467 and Padvarninkai) with different thermal and shock histories. Eucritic zircons are associated with ilmenite in most cases and have subhedral shapes in unmetamorphosed and metamorphosed eucrites. Some zircons in highly metamorphosed eucrites with granulitic texture occur alone in pyroxene, and typically have rounded to subrounded shapes due to recrystallization. Superchondritic Zr/Hf ratios of eucritic zircons indicate that they crystallized from incompatible element-rich melts after crystallization of ilmenite. Concentrations of uranium and thorium in zircons in the unmetamorphosed eucrite Y-75011 are higher than those in metamorphosed eucrites.The U-Pb systems of eucritic zircons are almost concordant but some zircon grains show reverse discordance. Radiogenic lead-loss up to 48% from zircons is observed in the shock-melted eucrite Padvarninkai. The 207Pb-206Pb ages of zircon in Y-75011 (4550 ± 9 Ma, n = 5) are nearly identical, within analytical uncertainty, to the ages of zircons from the metamorphosed eucrite Y-792510 (4545 ± 15 Ma, n = 13), the highly metamorphosed eucrites A-881388 (4555 ± 54 Ma, n = 5) and A-881467 (4558 ± 13 Ma, n = 8), and the shock-melted eucrite Padvarninkai (4555 ± 13 Ma, n = 18). The averaged 207Pb-206Pb age of zircon from five eucrites analyzed in this study is 4554 ± 7 Ma (95% confidence limits, n = 49), indistinguishable from the averaged U-Pb age (4552 ± 9 Ma) of the same samples. Because of the high closure temperature of lead in zircon (Tclosure = ∼1050°C with a cooling rate of 0.2°C/yr), the 207Pb-206Pb ages of eucritic zircon do not represent metamorphic ages but crystallization ages of extrusive lavas.This fact strongly suggests that volcanism of the eucrite parent body occurred at a very early stage of the Solar System history, 7-20 Ma after CAI formation (4567.2 ± 0.6 Ma), thus basaltic eucrites crystallized from parental magmas within a short interval following the differentiation of their parent body. The U-Pb ages of eucritic zircons are older than the U-Pb, Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr ages of some basaltic eucrites, which is consistent with differences in closure temperatures of each isotopic system, and suggests that thermal and shock metamorphism affected the isotopic systems of pyroxene, plagioclase and phosphates.  相似文献   

17.
K/Ar dating of micas from rocks of Fichtelgebirge and the northern Oberpfalz (NE-Bavaria) covers the rather wide range from 330 to 300 Ma. In combination with Rb/Sr wholerock isochron ages of post-tektonic granites four Variscian events can be traced:
  1. Regional metamorphism ～ 330 Ma,
  2. Intrusion of the older post-deformative granite G1 about 320 Ma (Falkenberger Granit) followed by rapid cooling.
  3. About 300 Ma ago the older mineral ages were more or less reset by the intrusion of younger granites (G2 to G4, Flossenbürger Granit) again followed by a rapid cooling.
  4. Local influences later than 290 Ma are recorded by some white micas in fault gauges at least up to the middle Jurassic (< 150 Ma).
The different U-black ore types yielded strongly discordant U/Pb dates. Applying the three dimensional U/Pb-discordia plane method the following results have been obtained: the older pitchblende generation with an upper concordia intersection of 336±17 Ma can be correlated with the regional metamorphism as well as with the intrusion of the older post-deformative granites. The younger generation with 298±4 Ma is of equal age as the intrusion of the younger granites. The brannerite mineralisation which according to thin section evaluation must be still younger could be only roughly dated to 288±78 Ma. The low precision is due to low uranium concentration and high common lead contents of the samples. The lower concordia intersection ages are 0 to 7 Ma. They were obtained more precisely by dating of secondary U-minerals: 10 torbernite samples with extremely high238U/206Pb-ratios of 30 000 to 50 000 yielded a positive slope of the discordia which points to an age of (137±12)×103a. The230Th/238U-activity ratio of 0.68 determined byα-spectrometry indicates an age of (130.4±5.0)×103 a. Pyrite and chalcopyrite samples which had U-concentration of some 100 ppm and which according to thin section evaluation are younger than the brannerite showed a positive slope of the207Pb/206Pb vs.238U/206Pb discordia, too. They could not be dated because the207Pb/206Pb-ratios corrected for common lead contribution are lower than 0.046 (radiogenic lead of zero age). This may be explained by an addition of206Pb due to222Rn migration from the pitchblende in only a few cm distance.  相似文献   

18.
锆石U-Pb年代学方法已经成为地质学研究必不可少的方法。本文收集整理了二十世纪八十年代以来分散在期刊论文、学位论文等多种出版载体中的锆石U-Pb年代学数据,建成中国大陆单颗粒锆石数据库中文子库。该数据子库涉及截至到2017年底的文献2331篇,有效数据154768条目,数据总量已经能够用来进行数据的初步分析和相关地球科学研究。数据子库中年龄-年龄绝对误差关系的分析表明,Age(~(206)Pb/~(238)U)、Age(~(207)Pb/~(235)U)、Age(~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb)在不同的地质年代区间误差表现有所不同。在小于1684.4Ma、1684.4~2855.2Ma、大于2855.2Ma年龄区Age(~(206)Pb/~(238)U)、Age(~(207)Pb/~(235)U)、Age(~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb)的误差最小、置信度最好,除了Age(~(207)Pb/~(235)U)测试方法的原因外,Age(~(206)Pb/~(238)U)和Age(~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb)可分别作为不同年龄段的推荐年龄。将选用的推荐年龄运用于LA-ICP-MS、SHRIMP、SIMS三种方法的比较,得出其适用于不同地质年代的范围。推荐年龄运用于年龄-频数图中并使用高斯多峰拟合,则可发现中国大陆锆石存在6个生长峰期,分别为131.71Ma、255.17Ma、442.42Ma、811.56Ma、1868.36Ma和2505.31Ma等;更小尺度下的新生代则存在七个峰期,分别为16.99Ma、27.64Ma、35.26Ma、43.44Ma、48.27Ma、52.74Ma和62.07Ma等,峰期及其对应测试点的位置可与中国大陆地壳演化重大历史事件对应。  相似文献   

19.
1 Introduction Since the Guilaizhuang gold deposit was discovered in the 1980s, the Tongshi magmatic complex has attracted attention since it exhibits a spatial-temporal relationship to gold mineralization. In the past ten years, a number of detailed fundamental researches have been carried out on the complex, Guilaizhuang gold deposit and their relationships (Qiu et al., 1994; Lin et al., 1996; Yan et al., 1996; Xu et al., 1999; Kong et al., 2001; Shun et al., 2001). Up to date, some res…  相似文献   

20.
An ion-microprobe (SIMS) U-Pb zircon dating study on four samples of Precambrian metasediments from the high-grade Bamble Sector, southern Norway, gives the first information on the timing of discrete crust-forming events in the SW part of the Baltic Shield. Recent Nd and Pb studies have indicated that the sources of the clastic metasediments in this area have crustal histories extending back to 1.7 to 2.1 Ga, although there is no record of rocks older than 1.6 Ga in southern Norway. The analysed metasediments are from a sequence of intercalated, centimetre to 10-metre wide units of quartzites, semi-metapelites, metapelites and mafic granulites. The zircons can be grouped in two morphological populations: (1) long prismatic; (2) rounded, often flattened. The BSE images reveal that both populations consist of oscillatory zoned, rounded and corroded cores (detrital grains of magmatic origin), surrounded by homogeneous rims (metamorphic overgrowths). The detrital zircons have 207Pb/206Pb ages between 1367 and 1939 Ma, with frequency maxima in the range 1.85 to 1.70 Ga and 1.60 to 1.50 Ga. There is no correlation between crystal habit and age of the zircon. One resorbed, inner zircon core in a detrital grain is strongly discordant and gives a composite inner core-magmatic outer core 207Pb/206Pb age of 2383 Ma. Two discrete, unzoned zircons have 207Pb/206Pb ages of 1122 and 1133 Ma, representing zircon growth during the Sveconorwegian high-grade metamorphism. Also the μm wide overgrowths, embayments in the detrital cores and apparent “inner cores” which represent secondary metamorphic zircon growth in deep embayments in detrital grains, are of Sveconorwegian age. The composite-detrital-metamorphic zircon analyses give generally discordant 206Pb/238U versus 207Pb/235U ratios and maximum 207Pb/206Pb ages of 1438 Ma. These data demonstrate the existence of a protocrust of 1.7 to 2.0 Ga in the southwestern part of the Baltic Shield, implying a break in the overall westward younging trend of the Precambrian crust, inferred from the southeastern part of the Baltic Shield. Received: 8 April 1997 / Accepted: 14 July 1997  相似文献   

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