共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 643 毫秒
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由于海洋环境污染及过度捕捞造成渔业资源不断衰退,人工增殖放流已成为修复水生生物资源的重要途径。安全有效的放流方式对增殖放流实践的成功与否起着至关重要的作用。本文采用行为学方法,对体长(4.5±0.5)cm,体重(3.5±0.5)g的许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)在实验室水槽的行为特性进行观察,分别记录了在无礁(对照组)和有礁条件下,保护装置、滑道和直接放流三种方式对许氏平鲉分布模式的影响。实验发现,在保护装置放流方式下许氏平鲉在放流有效区的数量显著多于滑道和直接放流两种方式。有人工鱼礁时,许氏平鲉幼鱼在放流有效区的分布率明显高于对照组。实验结果表明,保护装置放流方式对许氏平鲉的应激性最小,结合人工鱼礁的生态效应,能够有效地提高增殖放流效果。 相似文献
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阴影效应是影响人工鱼礁诱集效果的主要因素之一，为研究许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)对人工鱼礁不同阴影情况的行为响应，采用室内模拟实验方法，在实验水槽顶部固定光源，共设计3组实验：A组实验探究不同阴影面积的鱼礁模型对实验鱼的诱集效果；B组实验探究不放置鱼礁模型、悬挂不同开孔率顶板对实验鱼的诱集效果；C组实验探究阴影面积相同但开孔数量不同的鱼礁模型对实验鱼的诱集效果；对照组实验水槽中不放置鱼礁模型、不悬挂顶板。观察并记录许氏平鲉幼鱼(体长(5.06±0.09)cm,体质量(3.22±0.16)g)在水槽中的行为与分布特征。研究表明：3个实验组中许氏平鲉在鱼礁放置区域的出现率均显著高于对照组和其他区域；A组实验中，许氏平鲉在鱼礁放置区的平均出现率随着鱼礁阴影面积的增大而上升；B组实验中，许氏平鲉在顶板放置区的平均出现率显著高于对照组，但不同水平组之间差异不显著；C组实验中，开孔数为1时许氏平鲉在鱼礁放置区的平均出现率与开孔数为9时相近且高于开孔数为4和6时。研究结果表明，阴影面积越大的人工鱼礁对许氏平鲉的诱集效果越好，阴影面积相同时开孔数较多的人工鱼礁能够在提供良好庇护所... 相似文献
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采用实验生态学方法,在不同光照强度(0、100、500、1 000、2 000、4 000和6 000lx)条件下,研究了许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegeli)幼鱼的生长、体组分和能量收支情况。结果表明,光照强度为1 000lx组的许氏平鲉幼鱼末体重最高,但与100、500和2 000lx组的末体重相比没有显著差异(P>0.05)。各处理组的饲料转化率和能量转化率随光照强度的增强均呈先升高后降低的趋势,且峰值均出现在1 000lx组;而消化率的最高值却出现在0lx组(P<0.05)。除灰分含量外,各处理组的体组分和体能值均不受光照强度的影响(P>0.05)。本研究由许氏平鲉幼鱼的特定生长率(SGRw和SGRe)与光照强度(L)的回归方程得出其生长的最适光照强度范围为610～630lx。各处理组的能量收支方程表明,生长能和呼吸能主导许氏平鲉幼鱼的能量分配模式。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(3)
为探究固定气泡幕对许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)的阻拦效果,设定气泡幕的孔距、孔径如下:当孔径为0.5mm时,设定孔距为1.0、2.0、3.0、5.0、10.0cm,当孔距为2.0cm时,设定孔径为0.2、0.5、0.8、1.0、1.5mm,研究了这9种类型的固定气泡幕对许氏平鲉的阻拦效果,并探究了许氏平鲉对孔距2.0cm、孔径0.5mm气泡幕的适应性。研究表明:上述各规格的气泡幕对许氏平鲉均有显著的阻拦效果(tt0.01)。在孔距实验中,孔距为1.0、2.0、3.0、5.0、10.0cm的气泡幕对许氏平鲉的平均阻拦率分别为71.43%、95.24%、92.98%、53.85%、80.14%,其中孔距2.0cm的气泡幕阻拦率最高。在孔径实验中,孔径为0.2、0.5、0.8、1.0、1.5 mm的气泡幕对许氏平鲉的平均阻拦率分别为96.03%、95.24%、82.05%、100%、98.74%,其中孔径1.0mm的气泡幕阻拦率最高。在4h的适应性实验中,许氏平鲉对孔距2.0cm、孔径0.5mm的气泡幕表现出一定的适应性(FF_(0.05))。本研究结果可为我国海洋牧场中许氏平鲉鱼群控制技术提供参考。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(6)
实验室条件下,研究了正方体人工礁7个不同引入数量比例(0~60%)和人工礁摆放布局(每个数量比例设置10个布局)对许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)聚集率的影响,确定了单位面积正方体人工礁的适宜投放数量和礁体摆放布局,得出单位鱼礁的适宜布设方案。在此基础上,探讨了大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)和许氏平鲉的种类、密度和鱼体规格对聚集率的影响。研究显示,单体礁引入数量比例50%时,数量比例与许氏平鲉聚集率呈显著正相关线性关系,且摆放布局对许氏平鲉的聚集率有显著影响;单体礁引入数量比例为50%时,许氏平鲉的聚集率达到最大值(76%),显著高于0~40%处理组(P0.05),且当单体礁引入数量比例达到50%和60%时,礁体摆放布局对许氏平鲉聚集率的影响无统计学意义(P0.05)。在适宜布设方案条件下,种类和密度对试验鱼聚集率的影响均达到显著性水平(P0.05);鱼体规格对大泷六线鱼的聚集率无显著影响,对许氏平鲉的聚集率影响显著。结果表明,正方体人工礁单位鱼礁的适宜单体礁引入数量比例为50%,在该数量比例时,单体礁摆放布局对恋礁性鱼类的聚集效果无显著影响。 相似文献
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正弦波交替音对黑鲷音响驯化的实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
音响驯化作为一种控制鱼群行为的技术,在海洋牧场开发中的应用前景广阔。在室内控温和投饵条件下,用300 Hz和400 Hz正弦波交替音对黑鲷(Sparus macrocephalus)进行音响驯化实验。结果表明,黑鲷对交替音的驯化效果经历了适应期、变化期和维稳期3个阶段;黑鲷的反应时间逐日缩短并逐渐接近对照组,第1~4天黑鲷的反应时间显著高于对照组(P<0.01),第5天开始对刺激产生正反馈,第10天低于对照组并出现实验期最小反应时间;聚集率则逐日增加并从第5天开始显著高于对照组 (P<0.01),第7天后聚集率稳定在100%;驯化后的黑鲷在饥饿状态下对音响刺激的兴奋度比饱食后相对更高。由此可见,300 Hz和400 Hz正弦波交替音对黑鲷的反应和聚集具有明显的效果,交替音可作为黑鲷音响驯化的一种有效手段,结合投饵可以在控制鱼类行为中发挥出更大作用。 相似文献
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采用96 h半静态毒性实验，研究了许氏平鲉幼鱼的氨氮耐受性和氨氮胁迫下血液生化指标的变化规律。结果表明，在水温（18.6±0.5）℃，pH 7.85，盐度30和溶氧（8.6±0.5） mg/L的条件下，平均体质量（63.60±10.14） g、平均全长（15.90±3.29） cm的许氏平鲉幼鱼总氨（TAN）和非离子氨（NH3-N）96 h的半致死浓度（LC50）分别为18.01 mg/L和0.27 mg/L，安全浓度（SC）分别为1.80 mg/L和0.03 mg/L。设定TAN为0、3.5、10和20 mg/L 4个浓度梯度，对同等规格苗种进行96 h急性胁迫实验，血液生化指标的双因素方差分析表明：氨氮浓度、暴露时间及两者交互作用对血浆血糖（GLU）、血氨（PA）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）和谷草转氨酶（AST）含量/活性存在显著影响，两者交互作用对血浆皮质醇（Cor）和谷丙转氨酶（ALT）含量/活性无显著影响，暴露时间对血浆胆固醇（TCH）无显著影响；其中，血浆GLU、GSH、AKP随处理时间延长呈先升后降趋势，随氨氮浓度升高响应时间提前；PA浓度与环境TAN浓度正相关。相关研究结果可为许氏平鲉幼鱼的养殖管理和苗种运输提供指导，血浆GLU、GSH、PA和AKP可作为许氏平鲉氨氮胁迫的敏感指标。 相似文献
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光作为一个复杂的环境因子,对鱼类的存活、摄食、生长及视觉均产重要影响。为了探究LED光谱对许氏平鲉(Sebastods schlegelii)视网膜结构和视网膜各层细胞数目与厚度的影响,本文选取1 000尾许氏平鲉幼鱼(体质量为38.80±0.43 g、体长为10.20±0.17 cm)分别养殖在5种光谱下(蓝光(λ450 nm)、绿光(λ525 nm)、黄光(λ590 nm)、白光(λ460 nm)、红光(λ630 nm)),其中白光组为对照组,其余4组为处理组。经过为期60 d的处理后,分别对各组的视网膜进行取样观察。结果表明:不同的LED光谱对许氏平鲉的视网膜结构未产生影响,但各个光谱下视网膜细胞数目略有差别,在5种不同光谱条件下,在单位面积(100μm×100μm)内,蓝光组内网层细胞数量(24.33±2.08)显著低于白光组(P<0.05);红光组外核层细胞数量(33.33±3.51)显著低于除白光组外的其他各组(P<0.05),通过对比各个光谱下视网膜各层细胞数量可得,蓝光组与红光组数量最少,其他各层差异不大。综上所述,饲养于不同光谱处理组的许氏平鲉幼鱼的视网膜... 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,(1)
鱼类肌肉占体重的40%～60%,不同于哺乳动物仅有肌纤维增大的肌肉生长模式,大部分鱼类肌肉呈现兼有肌纤维增生(Hyperplasia)和肥大(Hypertrophy)的生长模式,且在不同阶段,肌纤维肥大与增生对肌肉生长的贡献存在差异。对于许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)等大型经济鱼类,肌肉生长是其生长性状的核心,但目前对其肌肉生长规律的研究不多。本研究通过组织切片染色与统计学分析相结合的方法,研究许氏平鲉不同发育时期肌肉的生长发育特征。结果表明,在出生后30～100 d期间,随着日龄的推移,许氏平鲉的肌纤维数目、直径以及横截面积均呈现显著增加的趋势,肌肉生长主要依赖于肌纤维的肥大生长。对1～4龄的许氏平鲉肌纤维生长的研究中,作者观察到在不同年龄的许氏平鲉白肌中存在"马赛克"增生现象,且随着年龄的推移,新生纤维(直径20μm)所占肌纤维比例逐渐降低。这表明许氏平鲉的肌肉具有无限生长的能力,但此能力因年龄的增长而逐渐减弱。本研究结果为研究重要经济鱼类肌肉无限生长的分子调控机制提供了组织学资料。 相似文献
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Twenty-one juvenile Cape stumpnose Rhabdosargus holubi (140–190 mm fork length) were tagged with internal acoustic transmitters in the lower, middle and upper reaches of the Kowie Estuary, South Africa. The movements of each fish were continually monitored from October 2014 to February 2015 using 22 stationary data-logging acoustic receivers situated at approximately equidistant intervals along the length of the estuary (21 km). Juvenile R. holubi spent the greatest proportion of time within the estuarine environment (83%), with the sea (16%) and riverine (1%) environments used to a much lesser extent. Within the estuarine environment, tagged individuals showed high levels of residency and fidelity to their capture and release sites; however, the degree of residency was dependent on the position of the release site, with batches in the upper and lower reaches exhibiting different space-use patterns. When larger juvenile R. holubi migrated back to the sea for the next phase of their life cycle, they generally did not return to the estuarine environment, thus indicating a permanent ontogenetic shift in habitat use with the onset of sexual maturity. This contribution to our understanding of the ecology of a ubiquitous estuarine fish further highlights the importance of estuarine habitats as nursery areas that require effective management. 相似文献
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北极冰下声传播特性实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过2017年8月6日在北极海域开展的一次声传播实验，开展了冰下声传播特性实验研究。结合Burke-Twersky （BT）散射模型与射线模型，分析了冰下声传播的多途到达结构，研究了接收声强变化规律，解释了接收声强在30 min内衰减20 dB的现象，分析了接收信号的时间相关性，探讨了接收信号相关性较低的原因。实验结果表明，表面接收信号主要由小角度多次反转反射声线、一次海底反射声线和二次海底反射声线依次构成，表面声道到达信号显著强于海底反射信号。试验冰站在试验期间的运动导致了声传播信号强度和相关性的迅速衰减，并通过仿真得到了验证。 相似文献
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Ｈｉｇｈ－ｒｅｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓｕｂ－ｂｏｔｔｏｍｐｒｏｆｉｌｅｒｈａｓｒｅｖｅｄｅｄｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔａｌｓｔｒａｔａａｎｄｅｎｔｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｓｉｎｔｈｅｅｕｔｔｍｐ．ｏｆｔｈｅｌ３ｏｈａｉＳｅａｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｌｔａｔｅＰｌｅｉｓｔｏｃｅｎｅ．Ａｔｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｓｏｆａｃａｕｓｅｉｃｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｓｅｉｓｍｉｃｔｓｔｒａｔｔｌｇｍｐｈｉｃｐｒｉｎｃｉ－ｐｌｅ，ｓｏｍｅｃｌｔ．ｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｙｐｉｃａｌａｃｏｕｓｔｉｃｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｉｓｎｚａｄｅｏｕｔｔｎｄｗｉＵｂｅｆａｖｏｕｒａｂｌｅｆｏｒｉｎｔｅｒｐｒｅｔａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｒｅｃｏｇｎｂａｔｉｏｎｏｆａｏｏｕｓｔｉｃｐｒｏｆｉｌｅｓｉｎｔｈｉｓａｒｅａ 相似文献
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Laboratory bioassays were conducted to test the acute toxicity effects of sudden exposure to sodium cyanide (NaCN) on the
endogenous rhythm of the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in the black rockfishSebastes schlegeli. The OCR of the black rockfish (n = 14, total length = 20.4 ± 1.16 cm, wet weight = 158 ± 25 g) was measured with an automatic
intermittentflow-respirometer. OCR decreased significantly when experimental fish were exposed to NaCN. When exposed to 10
ppb NaCN, fish were able to recover their OCR rhythmic activities. When fish were exposed to 20 ppb, however, the metabolic
activity rhythms were not recovered. These results suggest that exposure to NaCN concentrations over 20 ppb cause severe physiological
damage to the endogenous rhythms of black rockfish. 相似文献
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Copper accumulation, and its effect on growth and hematological parameters were investigated in juvenile rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (mean length 11.83+/-0.03 cm, and mean weight 26.02+/-0.23 g), after sub-chronic dietary Cu exposure (0, 50, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) for 60 days. The profile of Cu accumulation among tissues in rockfish is dependent on the exposure periods and Cu concentration. Liver of rockfish is a more important storage tissue than other tissues, and the order of Cu accumulation in tissues was liver > intestine > kidney > gill > muscle. Cu reduced the growth rate, and there was an inverse relationship between growth and Cu concentration (> 50 mg/kg). The RNA:DNA ratios were not affected by exposure and there was no correlation between growth rate and RNA:DNA ratio in the liver and muscle. There was no significant effect of exposure on blood parameters except for magnesium. Cu exposure increased GOT and GPT serum concentrations with increasing time and dose. 相似文献
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DAE CHOUL KIM GWANG HOON LEE YOUNG KYO SEO GIL YOUNG KIM SEOK YUN KIM JEONG CHANG KIM 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(1-2):21-31
Shallow gas in the Korea Strait shelf mud (KSSM) off SE Korea, revealed by high-resolution subbottom profiles, is associated with acoustic blanking, acoustic turbidity, seepages with plumes in the water column, and seafloor depressions. The acoustic blanking, characterized by strong, consistent top reflection and wipeout below, is most dominant. The seaward edge of the acoustic blanking zone generally coincides with the 100-m water-depth contour, suggesting that the water depth (the pressure) may control the distribution of shallow gas. The acoustic turbidity, characterized by diffuse top reflection, is a dark smear, partially blanking the data below. The seepages with plumes, characterized by vertical smearing and disturbed seafloor, are seen only along the shallowest, landward edge of the acoustic blanking zone. This may suggest that the decreased gas solubility at shallow water depths, caused by the lowered pressure, increases the volume of free gas in the sediments, facilitating the gas escape. The seafloor depressions, interpreted as pockmarks, are accompanied by cone-shaped acoustic masking, which is probably the reflection from a narrow vent of gas. The gas-related acoustic anomalies appear to occur mostly in the upper, recent mud of the KSSM. Neither permeable beds nor faults, which can act as vertical migration pathways for deep thermogenic gas, are evident in the recent mud. We interpret that the bacterial degradation of organic matter in situ is the main source for the gas in the KSSM. The upwelling off SE Korea may be an important source for the increased organic matter in the area. 相似文献
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Dae Choul Kim Gwang Hoon Lee Young Kyo Seo Gil Young Kim Seok Yun Kim Jeong Chang Kim Soo Chul Park Roy Wilkens 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2004,22(1):21-31
Shallow gas in the Korea Strait shelf mud (KSSM) off SE Korea, revealed by high-resolution subbottom profiles, is associated with acoustic blanking, acoustic turbidity, seepages with plumes in the water column, and seafloor depressions. The acoustic blanking, characterized by strong, consistent top reflection and wipeout below, is most dominant. The seaward edge of the acoustic blanking zone generally coincides with the 100-m water-depth contour, suggesting that the water depth (the pressure) may control the distribution of shallow gas. The acoustic turbidity, characterized by diffuse top reflection, is a dark smear, partially blanking the data below. The seepages with plumes, characterized by vertical smearing and disturbed seafloor, are seen only along the shallowest, landward edge of the acoustic blanking zone. This may suggest that the decreased gas solubility at shallow water depths, caused by the lowered pressure, increases the volume of free gas in the sediments, facilitating the gas escape. The seafloor depressions, interpreted as pockmarks, are accompanied by cone-shaped acoustic masking, which is probably the reflection from a narrow vent of gas. The gas-related acoustic anomalies appear to occur mostly in the upper, recent mud of the KSSM. Neither permeable beds nor faults, which can act as vertical migration pathways for deep thermogenic gas, are evident in the recent mud. We interpret that the bacterial degradation of organic matter in situ is the main source for the gas in the KSSM. The upwelling off SE Korea may be an important source for the increased organic matter in the area. 相似文献
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R. I. C. C. Francis 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):375-389
The design and execution of two acoustic surveys of Hawke Bay in February and September/October 1980 are described. Though the resulting acoustic data were, for technical reasons, of limited value, they illustrate the information which may be drawn from acoustic surveys. Fish distributions may be rapidly mapped, not only by area, but throughout most of the water column and over time. Qualitative observations on fish distribution may be quantified. The estimation of variance in acoustic surveys is discussed in detail with particular emphasis on the problems of systematic surveys. The role of replicate observations is stressed. Coefficients of variation for relative fish density estimates from the two surveys probably lie between 5 and 30%. 相似文献