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1.
海带(Laminaria japonica)幼孢子体生长和光合作用的N需求   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
根据室内和围隔实验中海带幼孢子体在不同硝态氮浓度下的生长情况和光合作用速率(Pmax),分析了幼孢子体的N需求,得到其最大生长率(μm)为0.12d-1,维持生存的最低组织N含量(NQ)为16.8μg/mgDW,以最大生长率生长所必需组织N的临界值(NC)为20.4μg/mgDW,每天以最大速率生长的N需求(Nreq)为2.45μg/mgDWd-1。同时,不同处理组的初始NO3-N浓度越高,海带幼孢子体吸收速率和组织N的累加速率越高,且呈明显的线性相关关系(R2分别为0.8393和0.7793,P<0.05)。现场围隔实验中,叶绿素a含量(R2=0.7907,P<0.05)和组织N含量(R2=0.9147,P<0.01)与Pmax也呈明显的线性相关关系。同时,根据海带幼孢子体N的需求和营养吸收状况,分析认为,海带幼孢子体存在受到N限制的风险,但凭其营养吸收能力有适应N限制的能力。还根据海带的这种生理特征,探讨了大型海藻的养殖对富营养化海水的生态调控。  相似文献   

2.
本实验观察了大剂量Co~(60)γ射线对海带多细胞雌、雄配子体的致死影响。 从实验的观察和对实验所得的材料分析,可以得出以下几点初步结论: (1)12万伦的Co~(60)γ射线没有立即引起配子体在射线下死亡,而仅仅少数个体的个别细胞,色素体开始有微小的变化。受照射各组配子体的死亡均发生在照射后第2天。 (2)海带多细胞雌配子体对辐射的抗性,要比海带单细胞雌配子体强。因为单细胞雌配子体在30天里的致死X射线剂量是6,000伦左右,但是12万伦的Co~(60)γ射线却不能在30天里使多细胞配子体全部死亡。 (3)海带雄配子体要比多细胞雌配子体对辐射敏感。因为受12万伦Co~(60)γ射线照射,在照射后经过12天,雄配子体已经全部死亡,但雌配子体却仅死亡60%。雄配子体对辐射的敏感性大于雌配子体。 (4)受大剂量γ射线照射后的海带配子体,不仅仅引起许多配子体的死亡,而且还严重地影响配子体的进一步发育。这表现在:受照射各组合子和孢子体的形成很少;孢子体细胞分裂不规则等等。并且大多数的合子和几乎全部的幼孢子体均相继发生死亡。 (5)受照射组的配子体细胞、合子和幼孢子体细胞的死亡过程相似。  相似文献   

3.
铜对海带雌配子体和幼孢子体生长发育的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
用不同浓度的铜来处理海带(Laminaria japomca Aresch)雌配子体和幼孢子体中,发现:①海带雌配子体和幼孢子体对微量的铜是很敏感的,在铜浓度为10ppb的情况下,营养生长和发育排卵受到了明显的抑制。②.50ppb的铜可以完全抑制海带雌配子体的排卵。③在铜浓度为250ppb的情况下,雌配子体和幼孢子体不能健康生长,而趋于死亡。④海带幼孢子体对同一浓度铜的敏感性高于雌配子体。  相似文献   

4.
用不同浓度的铜来处理海带(Laminaria japomca Aresch)雌配子体和幼孢子体中,发现:①海带雌配子体和幼孢子体对微量的铜是很敏感的,在铜浓度为10ppb的情况下,营养生长和发育排卵受到了明显的抑制。②50ppb的铜可以完全抑制海带雌配子体的排卵。③在铜浓度为250ppb的情况下,雌配子体和幼孢子体不能健康生长,而趋于死亡。④海带幼孢子体对同一浓度铜的敏感性高于雌配子体。  相似文献   

5.
为探讨UV-B辐射对海洋生态系统的影响,研究了短期(2d)UV-B辐射对金藻8701、小新月菱形藻和亚心形扁藻3种藻单养的敏感性比较以及长期(21d)UV-B辐射对3种藻混养的种间竞争性平衡的影响。实验表明,(1)UV-B条件下。单养和混养情况下,最敏感的藻是金藻8701,小新月菱形藻次之,亚心形扁藻最不敏感;(2)增强的UV-B为对UV-B具有高耐受力的亚心形扁藻提供了竞争优势,使种间竞争平衡向着有利于亚心形扁藻的方向发展,到第21天,UV-B辐射(2.88J/m^2,5.76J/m^2)的处理组中,亚心形扁藻成为优势种。  相似文献   

6.
以组织培养间接获得的海黍子幼孢子体为实验对象,研究温度和氮、磷浓度对其营养盐吸收和生长的影响。结果显示,15~30℃范围内幼孢子体均可吸收NO-3-N、NH+4-N和PO3-4-P。25~30℃下NH+4-N的吸收显著高于10~15℃时,而NO-3-N和PO3-4-P的吸收速率在实验温度下差异不显著。NO-3-N、NH+4-N和PO3-4-P的最大吸收速率分别出现在15、25和25℃。当氮浓度3 000μg·L-1时,幼孢子体均可吸收NO-3-N和NH+4-N,且二者均呈现开放型吸收模式。当磷浓度30μg·L-1时,幼孢子体可吸收PO3-4-P,且呈现饱和型模式。温度对幼孢子体的生长影响显著。10~30℃范围内,富含氮磷组和去除氮磷组的特定生长率(SGR)均随着温度的升高先增大后减小,且最大SGR(分别为19.58%·d-1和14.58%·d-1)均在25℃时取得;叶绿素a、c的含量随着温度的升高先减小后增大。氮、磷浓度对幼孢子体的生长影响显著。富含氮磷组的SGR、叶绿素a含量和叶绿素c含量分别在15~25℃、15~30℃和20~30℃范围内显著高于去除氮磷组。  相似文献   

7.
氯霉素乙酰转移酶(CAT)基因在海带中的表达   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12  
于1994年12月-1995年4月,在山东荣城海带育苗场采集海带幼孢子体,用基因枪法将氯氯素乙酰转移酶基因导入海幼孢子体中,48h后检测到瞬间表达,转化后恢复培养一周,以致死剂量氯霉素筛选,两周后对照组全部死亡,转化组75株海带中有11株存活,转化三个月后经CAT酶联免疫(CATELISA)分析,在11株存活海带中有2株检测到CAT基因的表达,结果初步证明了CAT基因是海带基因工程的有效选择标记,  相似文献   

8.
海洋微藻对UV-B辐射的生理生化响应   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
用生理生化的方法研究了UV-B辐射对海洋微藻———小新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closte-rium)生理生化的影响。结果表明:(1)随着UV-B暴露时间的延长,UV-B辐射对藻的生长以及光合速率有抑制作用,并且时间越长,抑制作用越明显;(2)UV-B辐射使小新月菱形藻可溶性糖含量降低,而且在最初的2d,UV-B辐射使可溶性糖含量降低迅速,第4天的可溶性糖含量稍有所升高但与第2天相比差异不显著,UV-B辐射第6天,可溶性糖含量又迅速降低;(3)UV-B辐射的可溶性蛋白含量在第2天明显升高,随后又快速下降;(4)对照组的还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量的变化随时间延长而升高,UV-B辐射第2天的GSH含量比初始状态(0d)的GSH含量稍有升高,但变化不明显,第2天之后,GSH含量随时间延长而快速降低;(5)对照组的过氧化物酶(POD)活性随时间延长而升高,UV-B辐射第2天的POD活性比初始状态(0d)的POD活性显著升高,第2天之后,POD活性随时间延长而快速降低。  相似文献   

9.
本研究采用海带孢子体幼苗为实验材料,分别用不同浓度的As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)(0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6μmol/L)培养液进行循环水养殖,以研究不同价态无机砷在海带中的积累以及对其抗氧化防御系统的影响。结果表明,高浓度砷暴露组中海带总砷含量较高,As(Ⅲ)暴露下海带中总砷含量随时间增加,在28 d时达到最大值;As(V)暴露下海带中总砷含量则呈先升高后下降的趋势,但28 d时除最高浓度组外均显著高于初始值(P<0.05)。实验结束时As(V)暴露组海带中总砷含量显著低于As(Ⅲ),说明无机砷暴露下海带孢子体幼苗对亚砷酸盐的积累大于砷酸盐。无机砷暴露下海带中过氧化氢(H2O2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量随时间的延长分别呈先降低后升高和先降低后升高再降低的趋势,但所有处理组海带中H2O2和MDA含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且随浓度的升高而升高。细胞中过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在砷暴露下升高,但随暴露时间的延长,无机砷对酶活性产生了一定程度的抑制作用,酶活性降低。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD...  相似文献   

10.
4-碘苯氧乙酸在海带夏苗培育中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文报道了4-碘苯氧乙酸(4-IPOAA)在海带夏苗培育中应用的试验结果。4-IPOAA对海带配子体和幼孢子体的生长发育有着明显的形响,高剂量的4-IPOAA(500mg/L)对配子体的发育有明显的抑制作用,解除4-IPOAA对配子体的抑制,配子体在短期内即能正常排卵、排精并受精形成孢子体,低浓度的4-IPOAA(25mg/L以下)能促进幼孢子体的生长。这项试验结果表明,有可能利用4-IPOAA对配子体的抑制特性,来改进目前所采用的低温、自然光条件下培育海带夏苗的工艺。作者建议把海带夏苗培育工艺改为以下步骤:(1)在常温下采苗;(2)在18℃以下水温条件下培育配子体;(3)在配子体成熟前用4-IPOAA处理,使其停止发育,在较高水温(20℃左右)条件下静水培养被抑制的配子体,(4)在计划夏苗出库前40—50天,解除4-IPOAA对配子体的抑制,恢复最适条件下流水培育,(5)肉眼见苗后及时下海暂养。  相似文献   

11.
The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ~200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ~380 km from the coast at a depth of ~250 m above the sea level.  相似文献   

12.
We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.  相似文献   

13.
We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

14.
双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺的检测方法初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究的目的是探索一种检测双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺含量的方法。以栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)和长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)为实验对象,研究了取样、抗氧化剂、氧化铝用量以及Tris缓冲液用量等对实验结果的影响。结果表明,高效液相色谱电化学检测器法(HPLC-ECD)可以灵敏高效地对双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺进行定性、定量检测。实验表明,取样时间最长不超过1.5min;还原性谷胱甘肽作抗氧化剂效果较好;前处理各试剂与血样量的最适配比为血样量1.5mL,Tris缓冲液(1.5mol/L,pH8.6)1mL和氧化铝25mg;水洗后离心并尽可能吸干氧化铝中的水分。去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺的回收率分别为53%~69%、47%~73%和48%~56%。  相似文献   

15.
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

16.
The authors have previously determined that the effectiveness and failure pattern of the ice cover caused by flexural-gravity waves generated by a submerged body motion near the bottom ice can greatly depend on the depth of the water area. In its turn, the presence of a ledge on the ice surface may affect a wave propagation pattern. This paper presents an experimental study of the bottom contour influence on the deflection and length of flexural-gravity waves. The authors describe a numerical model for the analysis of the deformed state of ice caused by hydrodynamic loads due to a submarine motion, taking into account the bottom contour. The experiments are carried out in the ice tank. The results of calculations and experiments are compared.  相似文献   

17.
为研究黄河入海径流变化条件下河口附近海域盐度扩散特征,以更好地保护河口海域生物资源多样性,本文以黄河下游利津水文站的长序列实测径流数据资料为基础,利用近海水动力模型FVCOM,分析径流变化对黄河口海域盐度的影响规律。结果表明:黄河口与莱州湾之间存在顺时针的环流系统,在余流作用以及涨落潮方向的影响下,黄河冲淡水长期向莱州湾扩散;丰水期黄河冲淡水几乎影响了整个莱州湾,27盐度锋可以到达莱州湾中部,27等盐线的表层包络面积为2 665.61 km2,占莱州湾的1/4左右,枯水期低盐度水只有向南扩散的趋势,27以下的低盐度水集中分布在黄河口门附近,27等盐线的表层包络面积只有199.65 km2;5月份,随着入海径流量增加,27等盐线扩散的范围、距离、方向都会发生明显变化。在对近海生物资源有迫切保护需求的情景下,适当减少其他用水户供水量以增加入海生态径流量,可以有效改善黄河口海域附近的盐度情况,为生物资源的生长繁殖创造良好条件。  相似文献   

18.
Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.  相似文献   

19.
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.  相似文献   

20.
随着国产投弃式温深仪(XBT)性能的提高,其使用范围和规模也逐步扩大,受某专项办的委托,厦门大学在南海东北部开展了"海洋监测设备适用性检验规范及海上试验研究(国家863计划)"项目,针对海洋技术领域研发的技术较为成熟、具备产品化条件的XBT开展检验与验证,对国产XBT的性能和实际使用情况进行分析和总结。试验中,在不同站点进行温盐深仪(CTD)现场测量,以此数据为真值对国产和进口XBT精度做评估。在较高速度走航测量时,则以进口XBT数据为参照,对国产XBT进行评估。试验结果表明,国产XBT整体上表现良好,成功率大概为80%,有些型号的国产XBT精度与进口XBT精度接近,但国产XBT无效剖面较多。同时也发现,进口XBT的精度无法满足预期比测的要求,不能准确计算出国产XBT精度,但结果仍然具有参考价值。本次试验可以为国产XBT的规模化应用和推广提供数据支持,也可为其他型号XBT/XCTD/CTD等仪器的比测提供借鉴。  相似文献   

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