共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 104 毫秒
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三维地形大地电磁场的边界元模拟方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提出了一种用边界元法计算大地电磁场三维地形影响的数值模拟方法.首先用矢量积分理论和电磁场边界条件, 将上半空间(空气)和下半空间(地下介质)两个区域电磁场边值问题变为仅对地形界面的两个矢量面积分方程, 其中一个计算磁场, 称磁场方程; 另一个计算电场, 称电场方程.然后将对地形界面的积分剖分为一系列的三角单元积分.在三角单元积分中, 假设单元中电磁场为水平均匀大地空间电磁场与地形影响的迭加, 并假设地形影响为常项, 这样既保证了计算精度又使得计算方法简便.通过分解和计算, 每一个矢量面积分方程分解为对应3个坐标方向的3个常量线性方程, 这些线性方程组成了对角占优的线性方程组, 可用SSOR方法求解.文中给出了2个三维地形上大地电磁视电阻率曲线的计算结果. 相似文献
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海洋是蓝色资源宝库,蕴藏着丰富的资源.开发海洋是国家的重大战略举措.从海洋开发和我国勘查地球化学发展的战略角度出发,探讨了开展近海地球化学调查的目的意义及可行性与必要性,并就开展近海地球化学调查的思路和设想提出了一些个人看法.认为依托陆地区域地球化学调查的成功经验,利用现代海洋勘查技术,通过研究近海地球化学调查的方法与技术,开展中国近海海域的区域地球化学调查是完全可行的,而且,还具有前沿性和创新性. 相似文献
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航空伽玛能谱测量地形改正方法初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
航空γ能谱测量资料解释中,地形影响改正是人们关心的问题之一.常规的地形改正方法只能对测量剖面进行基于二维空间的修正,未考虑其它方向地形变化的影响.本文针对这一特点初步探讨了一种三维地形改正方法--角度扇形改正.方法从锥台状辐射体照射量率基本计算出发,将作用范围内的地形辐射体按角度划分为若干环形,然后对各环按照同样的规律细分为若干个小的扇形辐射体,分别计算各小辐射体对修正点的照射量率,求和并计算出相应的地形改正系数,进而对空中测点进行地形影响改正,从而实现任意地形、任意飞行方式下的航空γ能谱测量的三维正演、反演及地形影响改正等计算,同时还考虑了范围不饱和、地面辐射体中放射性元素含量不均匀等因素.正演模型和实例分析在一定程度上说明该三维地形改正方法的正确性和有效性. 相似文献
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地质调查发现,山东半岛西北部的莱州湾滨海地区普遍发育黑土湖组滨海湖沼相、潟湖相沉积,其下伏末次盛冰期泛滥平原相沉积,上覆全新世中晚期海侵层。黑土湖组的分布受古地形和全新世海侵的影响,其形成时代为8.5—5.5 ka B.P.,即由现代海岸线附近因8.5 ka B.P.前后海面上升环境效应开始出现,向陆地方向逐渐过渡到最大海侵线附近的5.5—6.0 ka B.P.期间形成。该地层单元的穿时性指示了海侵向陆地方向的推进,以及大约自5 ka B.P.开始河流沉积作用超过海面高度,莱州湾开始逐步成陆的过程。研究表明,莱州湾地区东部的鲁东地块相对抬升,造成黑土湖组顶板高出现代海面。西部的济阳坳陷区沉降较大,造成黑土湖组埋深较大。莱州湾南岸黑土湖组单元形成的古地形坡度,与现代地形坡度接近,在5.5—8.5 ka B.P.期间的海面变化不大。新的研究结果为更深入认识山东半岛全新世海岸带变化提供了重要依据。 相似文献
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基于非结构化网格的2．5D直流电阻率模拟 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
结合大型通用有限元软件ANSYS所提供的强大网格剖分功能,实现了2D地质模型的非结构化三角形网格剖分,并编写了2.5D直流电阻率有限元法FORTRAN语言计算程序.经计算对比表明,在节点数基本相同时,非结构化三角形网格比传统的矩形网格、矩形～三角形网格具有更高的计算精度,可以很好地拟合复杂地形和地质体边界.在此基础上,采用非结构化三角形网格,计算了起伏地形下2.5D地电模型的视电阻率异常,并利用比较法进行了地形改正.与水平地形时的结果对比表明,比较法可以较好地消除地形影响,突出局部地质体的异常. 相似文献
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中国东部全新世以来海面波动特征探讨 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
对全新世以来中国东部海面变化的资料数据进行全面搜集,其中包括12条原始曲线和 600多个标志物点的多项信息,通过建立数据库、统计分析等多种方法与手段的运用,拟对全新世以来中国东部海面变化小尺度波动进行对比研究,并得出全新世以来中国东部海面波动的一系列特征。初步建立起中国东部全新世以来海面随时间变化的波动序列,即：大致以 6500aBP为界, 6500aBP之前海面在波动中快速上升;6500aBP之后海面波动频繁,变化幅度减弱,但其变化的总趋势呈现出在波动中微微上升的特点。中国东部全新世以来海面变化从总体上来讲共经历了 9个周期的波动变化。 相似文献
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近二十年来海面变化的区域性经验研究表明,确实无法找到一条公认的全球一致的海面变化(eustasy)曲线。为了解释其原因,地质学家与地球物理学家、数学与力学家相结合,对海面变化的机制进行了探讨。 本文着重介绍了以J.A.Clark为代表的负荷模式和以N.-A.Mǒrner为代表的重力模式。前一模式从扩大的冰川均衡作用和水均衡作用出发,为粘弹性地球提出了一个数学模型,计算结果表明,即使在假定5000年来eustasy不变的前提下,也可以划分出六个具有不同全新世海面变化带的曲线带。后一模式则根据测地卫星所获得的大地水准面图具有近200米的隆凹,论证了不同时间尺度的大地水准面—海面变化及其可能的原因。 相似文献
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Tariq Masood Ali Khan Dewan Abdul Quadir Tad S. Murty Majajul Alam Sarker 《Natural Hazards》2004,31(2):549-560
The sea surface temperature (SST) variations play a veryimportant role in the genesis and maintenance of meteorological and oceanographic processessuch as monsoon depressions and subsequent floods, large-scale sea level fluctuationsand genesis of tropical cyclones. Many low lying coastal regions of South Asia are adjacentto river deltas and have large population. The dense population, poor economy and severalother socio-economic factors make these areas most vulnerable to the impact of climate change.Variability of sea surface temperature (SST) is importantas the duration and intensity of SST provide the basis for studies related to climatic changescenario. In this study an attempt has been made to estimate the recent SST trends in the coastalwaters of some cities, which lie on the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. The annual andinterannual variability has also been studied. The SST variations have then been linkedwith the El Nino and La Nina events.The NOAA-NASA Pathfinder Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) SST fields from 1985-1998, created in the Jet Propulsion Laboratory(JPL), USA are used in this study. Here the quality of data is an important factor toobtain reliable estimates of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) trends and other related parameters.However, this is not possible with the conventional type data, due to low quality as wellas sparse data in the region. Though the satellite based SST climatologies have shorterobservation lengths, they can provide reliable estimates of recent SST variability overa large oceanic areas with sparse or no data.Increasing trend of SST is observed throughout all theseasons in the northern Arabian Sea extending from Oman to Karachi and Mumbai and furthersouth to Salalah and Colombo. However, in coastal islands stations further south ofIndia such as at Colombo the increment is not significant. Though the increasing trend in SSTduring winter is not significant, nevertheless it shows the increasing influence of coldspells on this Island. An interesting situation has been observed in the Bay of Bengal. On anaverage, increasing trends in the annual SST were observed in Visakhaputnam. But at thestations located in the northeastern part of Bay of Bengal, namely Hiron Point and Cox'sBazar reverse conditions are observed. In the Southern Bay of Bengal variations in SST isnot significant which reflects in the SST analysis of Chennai and Port Blair stations. Locationof these stations at lower latitudes (near by equator) probably is the reason for this insignificantchange. It has been found that the interannual mode of SST variations dominate the linear SSTtrends which is characterized by the El Nino Southern Oscillations (ENSO) scale cycle. 相似文献
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南海北部夏季沿岸上升流近百年的强度变化 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
用全谱直读ICP-AES技术测定了海南岛东部（琼东）沿岸上升流区域滨珊瑚1906—1996年的Sr／Ca比值。结果显示珊瑚Sr／Ca比值重建的琼东海域的夏季海表温度偏低,强烈地受到东亚夏季风引起沿岸冷上升流的影响。结合西沙海域的滨珊瑚海表温度记录,首次重建了1906～1993年琼东沿岸风生上升流的强度指数变化序列。结果表明琼东上升流于1906～1993期间整体呈加强趋势,并具显著的年代际波动特征,同全球趋暖密切相关。此外,重建的上升流强度指数序列还揭示了大尺度环流——厄尔尼诺一南方涛动对琼东上升流强度变化的制约。 相似文献
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通过对中国第3次和第4次北极考察在白令海和西北冰洋采集的65个表层样沉积物中生物标记物四醚膜类脂物(GDGTs)的研究,发现西北冰洋表层沉积物中类异戊二烯和支链GDGTs的浓度分布大致以楚科奇海和波弗特海的陆坡为界线,呈现南高北低的特征,这一特征主要与水体生产力和陆源有机质的输入量有关.基于GDGTs的陆源输入指数BIT显示,从楚科奇海北部到高纬度区的阿尔法脊,陆源有机质的相对比例明显增加,与有机碳稳定同位素等结果一致,表明BIT可以用来指示北极陆源有机质输入量的变化.应用前人TEXL86-SST方程估算的研究区表面海水温度SST与现代年均SST和夏季平均SST的相关性较差,原因可能与陆源输入的类异戊二烯GDGTs干扰以及低的古菌生产力有关.从季节性海冰覆盖区到永久性海冰覆盖区,基于支链GDGTs的环化指数CBT明显升高,可能反映了CBT对海冰覆盖状况的响应,但其响应机制还不清楚.基于支链GDGTs的环化指数CBT和甲基化指数MBT估算的北极陆地年均大气温度和土壤pH差异较大,可能是由表层沉积物的来源复杂以及混合作用造成的. 相似文献
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Trophic Assessment in Chinese coastal systems-review of methods and application to the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary and Jiaozhou Bay 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Yongjin Xiao João G. Ferreira Suzanne B. Bricker João P. Nunes Mingyuan Zhu Xuelei Zhang 《Estuaries and Coasts》2007,30(6):901-918
Coastal eutrophication has become one of the main threats to Chinese coastal areas during the last two decades. High nutrient
loads from human activities have modified the natural background water quality in coastal water bodies, resulting in a range
of undesirable effects. There is a need to assess the eutrophic level in coastal systems and to identify the extent of this
impact to guide development of appropriate management efforts. Traditional Chinese assessment methods are discussed and compared
with other currently-used methods, such as the Oslo-Paris Convention for the Protection of the North Sea (OSPAR) Comprehensive
Procedure and Assessment of Estuarine Trophic Status (ASSETS). The ASSETS method and two Chinese methods were tested on two
Chinese systems: the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary and Jiaozhou Bay. ASSETS is process based, and uses a pressure-state-response
model based on three main indices: Influencing Factors, Overall Eutrophic Condition, and Future Outlook. The traditional methods
are based on a nutrient index. ASSETS was successfully applied to both systems, classifying the Changjiang Estuary as Bad
(high eutrophication) and Jiaozhou Bay as High (low eutrophication). The traditional methods led to ambiguous results, particularly
for Jiaozhou Bay, due to the high spatial variability of data and a failure to assess the role of shellfish aquaculture in
nutrient control. An overview of the Chinese coastal zone identifies 50 estuaries and bays that should form part of a national
assessment. A comparison of methods and results suggests that ASSETS is a promising tool for evaluating the eutrophication
status of these systems. 相似文献
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Anshu Prakash Mishra A. C. Pandey S. Rai 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2010,76(5):468-478
In this article, the authors examine Sea surface temperature (SST), Sea surface circulation (SSC) and Vertical velocity (VV) fields from simulation of 25 layers coarse resolution Modular ocean model (MOM version 3.0) with prescribed wind forcing for the region 74.25°S to 65°N, 180°W-180°E. It is found that distribution of SST simulated by the model shows its consistency with the observed climatology. However, simulated SST in the areas of Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) region and east of North America near equator exhibit slight warming with respect to observation, which may be due to model deficiency and forcing problems. Circulation features suggest that one of the strongest current viz. Antarctic circumpolar current (ACC) along with other major current systems viz. Gulf stream current, North and South Pacific current, Agulhas current, Labrador current, Canary current, etc are captured well by the model. In the Indian Ocean and other ocean basins, current patterns are well captured by the model simulation. Intense upwelling as well as downwelling areas is marked in the horizontal distribution of VV, which is as expected. VV show quasi-stagnant and convergent regions suggesting that floating materials may be accumulated during January/July in the real ocean and wind driven circulation may act as an important contribution for such transport of floating materials in these regions. An attempt has also been made to understand the fluctuations of the SST in NINO 3.4 region during the period of model simulation using SST anomalies. 相似文献
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The disastrous effects of numerous winter storms on the marine environment in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea during the
last decade show that wind waves generated by strong winds actually represent natural hazards and require high quality wave
forecast systems as warning tools to avoid losses due to the impact of rough seas. Hence, the operational wave forecast system
running at the German Weather Service including a regional wave model for the North Sea and the Baltic Sea is checked extensively
whether it provides reasonable wave forecasts, especially for periods of extraordinary high sea states during winter storms.
For two selected extreme storm events that induced serious damage in the area of interest, comprehensive comparisons between
wave measurements and wave model forecast data are accomplished. Spectral data as well as integrated parameters are considered,
and the final outcome of the corresponding comparisons and statistical analysis is encouraging. Over and above the capability
to provide good short-term forecast results, the regional wave model is able to predict extreme events as severe winter storms
connected with extraordinary high waves already about 2 days in advance. Therefore, it represents an appropriate warning tool
for offshore activities and coastal environment. 相似文献
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Gabriele Trommer Michael Siccha Marcel T.J. van der Meer Stefan Schouten Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté Hartmut Schulz Christoph Hemleben Michal Kucera 《Organic Geochemistry》2009,40(6):724-731
The Red Sea represents an extreme marine environment, with high salinity, high temperature and low level of nutrients, complicating the application of standard geochemical palaeotemperature proxies. In order to investigate the applicability of the TEX86 (TetraEther indeX of GDGTs with 86 carbons) proxy for sea surface temperature (SST) in the Red Sea, the distribution of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether membrane lipids (GDGTs) in sediments from the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden were examined. Against expectations, TEX86 values for the Red Sea do not show a simple linear relationship with SST and deviate from the global core top calibration. In the northern Red Sea, at temperatures between 25 and 28 °C, the values increase linearly with SST, whereas in the southern Red Sea, at temperatures above 28 °C, TEX86 decreases with increasing temperature. Factors like seasonality and depth of production, salinity and nutrient availability, as well as diagenetic overprint or influence of allochtonous terrestrial lipids, cannot explain this pattern. However, the observed TEX86 relationship with SST could be explained by the presence of a hypothetical endemic Crenarchaeota population in the Red Sea with a specific TEX86 vs. SST relationship. In the Southern Red Sea, a two-component mixing model implies an exponential decrease in the endemic population towards the Gulf of Aden. Thus, the application of the TEX86 as a palaeotemperature proxy in the Red Sea is likely only possible for the northern Red Sea area with the specific SST vs. TEX86 relationship determined in this study and potentially for the whole Red Sea basin during glacials, when water exchange with the Indian Ocean was more restricted than today and the endemic archaeal lipid distribution was not affected by transport from the Indian Ocean. Our results suggest that distinct populations of Crenarchaeota in extreme environments such as evaporitic basins may have different membrane composition, necessitating application of another calibration than the global core top calibration for TEX86 palaeothermometry. 相似文献
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Ida Malene Berstad Hans Petter Sejrup Dorthe Klitgaard‐Kristensen Haflidi Haflidason 《第四纪科学杂志》2003,18(7):591-602
Core P1‐003MC was retrieved from 851 m water depth on the southern Norwegian continental margin, close to the boundary between the Norwegian Current (NC) and the underlying cold Norwegian Sea Deep Water. The core chronology was established by using 210Pb measurements and 14C dates, suggesting a sampling resolution of between 2 and 9 yr. Sea‐surface temperature (SST) variations in the NC are reconstructed from stable oxygen isotope measurements in two planktonic Foraminifera species, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (d.) and Globigerina bulloides. The high temporal resolution of the SST proxy records allows direct comparison with instrumental ocean temperature measurements from Ocean Weather Ship (OWS) Mike in the Norwegian Sea and an air temperature record from the coastal island Ona, western Norway. The comparison of the instrumental and the proxy SST data suggests that N. pachyderma (d.) calcify during summer, whereas G. bulloides calcify during spring. The δ18O records of both species suggest that the past 70 yr have been the warmest throughout the past 600 yr. The spring and summer proxy temperature data suggest differences in the duration of the cold period of the Little Ice Age. The spring temperature was 1–3°C colder throughout most of the period between ca. AD 1400 and 1700, and the summer temperature was 1–2°C colder throughout most of the period between ca. AD 1400 and 1920. Fluctuations in the depth of the lower boundary of the NC have been investigated by examining grain size data and benthic foraminiferal assemblages. The data show that the transition depth of the lower boundary of the NC was deeper between ca. AD 1400 and 1650 than after ca. AD 1750 until present. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献