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1.
利用江苏省大气环境监测站点的大气污染物监测数据,分析了2020年初新冠肺炎疫情管控期间(2—3月)主要大气污染物浓度的变化特征。结果显示,相比于2019、2020年疫情管控期间PM2.5、PM10、NO2、SO2、CO浓度的全省平均降幅分别为37.5%、36.9%、31.9%、28.2%和21.2%。严格管控期的2月和生产恢复期的3月,江苏省十三市PM2.5、PM10浓度同比降幅大致相当,呈现出较好的时间连续性和空间均匀性。但各市臭氧浓度同比变化呈现出较大的时空差异。空间上,沿江以南城市南京、无锡、常州、苏州和镇江五市臭氧浓度明显上升,而其他城市臭氧浓度以下降为主;时间上,2月南京等九市臭氧浓度上升,3月徐州等八市臭氧浓度持平或者下降。假设未发生新冠肺炎疫情以及未采取为阻断疫情蔓延而实施的种种举措,在仅考虑近年来大气污染防治政策持续实施的情况下,与预期降幅相比,疫情管控对NO2实况浓度降幅的影响最大,其次是PM2.5 相似文献
2.
本文利用2014年全年北京市12个空气质量监测站的逐小时PM_(2.5)地面观测资料,以及Terra卫星和Aqua卫星的MODIS 3 km气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)产品,分析了地面PM_(2.5)和两颗卫星AOD的时空分布特征,并在时空匹配的基础上,建立了AOD与PM_(2.5)浓度之间的回归模型。结果表明:PM_(2.5)浓度在城区高、郊区低,最低值位于定陵站,城区站和郊区站的逐时PM_(2.5)浓度的日变化分别呈"双峰型"和"单峰型";两颗卫星AOD数值也均是城区高、郊区低,沿山区的边界有明显的AOD梯度,且城区上午Terra卫星的AOD高于下午Aqua卫星的AOD,而郊区上、下午的AOD基本相同;Aqua卫星AOD与PM_(2.5)的确定系数(R2)较Terra卫星AOD与PM_(2.5)的确定系数平均高0.11,且城区站点两颗卫星AOD与PM_(2.5)相关性均较郊区站点AOD与PM_(2.5)相关性偏高;综合来看,Aqua卫星的AOD与城区的PM_(2.5)相关系数最高,即Aqua卫星的AOD更适于监测和反演城区地面的PM_(2.5)。 相似文献
3.
S. G. Tsyro 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2008,33(5):300-309
This paper provides performance evaluation of the EMEP (Cooperative Programme for the Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe) model, formulated in [1], and presents model calculation results. A satisfactory agreement is found between calculated and observed PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations (i.e., particulate matter with diameters smaller than 10 and 2.5 μm) and their chemical composition for different parts of Europe for the years 2001–2004. The model manages to reproduce observed regional gradients of background PM10 and PM2.5, with spatial correlations being 0.70 and 0.80, respectively, while the temporal correlation coefficients between modeled and measured daily PM vary mostly between 0.4 and 0.8 at EMEP sites. The agreement between calculated and observed aerosol number concentrations is worse than for mass concentrations. Model calculated PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations and chemical composition in Europe for the year 2004 are presented, as well as their interannual variations in the period 2000–2004. Further, contributions of different sources to PM10 and PM2.5 are estimated. Model results show that in 2004, background PM10 and PM2.5 exceeded EU critical levels and WHO recommended guidelines in a number of European regions. They also show that the transboundary transport contributes considerably to PM pollution in the European countries. 相似文献
4.
地面观测提供空间点的浓度信息,三维化学模式提供网格面的浓度信息,两者在进行对比验证或同化融合时会因为空间尺度不匹配引入误差,即观测代表性误差。本研究将大气污染地面国控监测站与区县监测站结合起来,获得了京津冀地区高密度地面观测数据,利用该数据首次对京津冀地区6项常规大气污染物（PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2、CO和O3）的地面观测代表性误差进行了客观估计,并与Elbern et al.（2007）方法估计的代表性误差进行了对比。结果发现:两种方法对京津冀地区NO2地面观测代表性误差估计非常接近,但Elbern et al.（2007）方法显著低估了SO2、CO和O3地面观测的代表性误差。在此基础上,我们对Elbern et al.（2007）方法及其误差特征参数进行了本地化修正,并增加了PM2.5和PM10的代表性误差特征参数,建立了京津冀大气污染地面观测代表性误差的客观估计方法。 相似文献
5.
为探究华东地区能见度变化情况,利用1973—2020年的能见度数据、2014—2019年的气象要素和污染物浓度数据,采用趋势分析、经验正交函数(Empirical Orthogonal Function, EOF)分解、相关分析的方法,分析了能见度时空变化特征及影响因子。结果表明：(1)1973—2020年能见度呈显著(p<0.01)下降趋势,变化倾向率为-1.315 km/10a,季节之间存在差异,夏、秋季能见度下降速率较大分别为1.681 km/10a、1.443 km/10a;冬、春季下降幅度相对较小分别为1.092 km/10a、1.091 km/10a。其中,1973—2012年能见度呈显著(p<0.01)下降趋势,变化倾向率为-1.204 km/10a, 2013—2020年能见度呈不显著(p>0.05)增加趋势,变化倾向率为2.229 km/10a,近8年(2013—2020年)来能见度存在明显改善。(2)华东地区南部、北部能见度较好,中部能见度较差。EOF分解第1模态表明华东地区能见度整体变化趋势一致,第2模态具有明显的区域差异。(3)能见度与相对湿度... 相似文献
6.
Marcelo Zeri Jos�� Francisco Oliveira-J��nior Gustavo Bastos Lyra 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2011,113(3-4):139-152
Time series of pollutants and weather variables measured at four sites in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 2002 and 2004, were used to characterize temporal and spatial relationships of air pollution. Concentrations of particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) were compared to national and international standards. The annual median concentration of PM10 was higher than the standard set by the World Health Organization (WHO) on all sites and the 24?h means exceeded the standards on several occasions on two sites. SO2 and CO did not exceed the limits, but the daily maximum of CO in one of the stations was 27% higher on weekends compared to weekdays, due to increased activity in a nearby Convention Center. Air temperature and vapor pressure deficit have both presented the highest correlations with pollutant??s concentrations. The concentrations of SO2 and CO were not correlated between sites, suggesting that local sources are more important to those pollutants compared to PM10. The time series of pollutants and air temperature were decomposed in time and frequency by wavelet analysis. The results revealed that the common variability of air temperature and PM10 is dominated by temporal scales of 1?C8?days, time scales that are associated with the passage of weather events, such as cold fronts. 相似文献
7.
Eun-Hee Lee Jong-Chul Ha Sang-Sam Lee Youngsin Chun 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2013,49(1):73-85
A data assimilation (DA) system using ground PM10 observation for Asian Dust Aerosol Model version 2 (ADAM2), which is the operational dust forecasting model of Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), has been developed with the optimal interpolation (OI) method. The observations are provided by the PM10 network operated by KMA. Three DA experiments are performed to simulate a dust event observed in Korea from 1 March to 31 May 2009 with different assimilation cycles of 24 (DA24), 12 (DA12), and 06 hours (DA06). 48-hour forecasts from the adjusted Initial Condition (IC) of dust concentration are compared with control simulation (CTL) and observation from independent stations. It is found that CTL simulates spatial patterns of dust emitted and transported associated with a developing low pressure system over the dust source regions quite well, compared with satellite measurement. However, it appears that there is considerable uncertainty in estimating the concentration of dust. With IC adjustment, the model simulates improved dust concentration, showing considerably reduced RMSE, particularly for the prediction within 12 hours of forecast. At the same time, it is shown that the time interval of DA affects the predictability of ADAM2, so that DA06 appears to have better predictability within a 12-hour simulation, reducing RMSE by 50% compared with CTL. This suggests that assimilating PM10 to the dust prediction model using OI has the potential to predict air quality in Korea when the cycle of assimilation is sufficiently short. 相似文献
8.
面对日益严峻的大气污染形势,针对卫星气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）资料在灰霾数值预报领域的合理有效利用问题,使用WRF-Chem（WRF coupled with Chemistry）大气化学模式以及GSI（Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation）三维变分同化系统,利用MODIS和FY-3A/MERSI AOD资料,对一次灰霾天气过程进行了同化预报试验。试验结果显示,同化卫星AOD资料有效改善了模式初始场,MODIS和MERSI同化试验分别在AOD分析场的中心强度和空间分布各具优势,且对PM2.5和PM10的后续预报改进明显;从统计分析上看,同化试验的预报效果整体上好于控制试验,同化试验中PM2.5和PM10预报值的平均值、中值、平均偏差、均方根误差等指标均明显优于控制试验,且MODIS和MERSI同化试验分别在PM2.5和PM10预报统计结果中体现出了优势;卫星AOD资料同化能明显降低污染事件的空报率和漏报率,提高预报的TS评分和ETS评分。不同卫星AOD资料的差异对分析场中AOD的分布和强度产生了相应影响,进而影响了模式的灰霾预报效果;本次试验中,MODIS和MERSI AOD同化试验分别在PM2.5和PM10预报的评分上表现更佳。结果表明,卫星AOD资料同化对数值预报产生了积极的效果。 相似文献
9.
通过分析2001—2012年上海市PM_(10)浓度(由API(Air Pollution Index)转化得到)的变化规律,构建了上海市PM_(10)浓度的遥感反演模型。结果表明:1)上海市PM_(10)浓度存在季节性变化,应分别建立遥感反演模型。2)分析MODIS气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth,AOD)产品与PM_(10)浓度之间的相关性发现,AOD须经过垂直和湿度订正才可与PM_(10)建立较好的关系。3)结合垂直和湿度订正分别建立的上海市PM_(10)浓度春夏秋冬四季的遥感反演模型均通过了拟合度检验,其中春季模型采用指数函数、夏季和秋季模型采用二次多项式函数、冬季采用幂函数、全年采用二次多项式函数,利用此四季模型反演上海市PM_(10)浓度具有较高的可信度。 相似文献
10.
Inhalable particles(PM10), with aerodynamic equivalent diameters that are generally 10 micrometers or smaller, are basic pollutants in many areas, especially in northern China, and thus the pollution from PM10inhalable particulate matter is a growing concern for public health. Independent long-term observations are necessary to evaluate the efficacy of PM10reduction actions. Variations in the PM10concentration from 2006 to 2017 at an observation statio... 相似文献
11.
利用重庆地区能见度及温、压、湿、风等气象资料和大气颗粒物浓度数据,对重庆能见度特征及其影响因子进行分析,采用神经网络方法建立能见度预报模型,分析比较了引入PM2.5浓度因子对预报模型的影响效果。发现：重庆地区能见度分布呈现西低东高以及长江沿线较低的分布特征;雾发生时的平均能见度低于降水时能见度也远低于剔除雨、雾后的能见度,表明低能见度受大气中水汽影响更大;雾在冬季比例明显增加,使得平均能见度在冬季明显降低,而6月和10月降水增多是导致这两个月平均能见度出现明显降低的重要原因;能见度日变化呈现单峰型,雾和降水高发时段与平均能见度低值区重叠,是造成夜间能见度低的一个重要原因;大气湿度、温度及颗粒物浓度都是影响能见度的重要因子,当相对湿度小于70%时能见度随PM2.5增加明显降低,当相对湿度大于70%时PM2.5对能见度的影响降低;在能见度的客观预报模型中引入PM2.5浓度因子的预报效果好于不引入该因子的效果,特别是秋冬季的预报效果改善明显。 相似文献
12.
选取沈阳市区9个典型的大气污染源冬季的PM10排放浓度资料,利用MM5耦合CALPUFF对2007年12月至2008年2月沈阳城市区域气象场和排放PM10浓度分布进行月平均数值模拟.结果表明:冬季沈阳地区受高压控制,北风较强,并经过增强、减弱的过程,多呈现对大气污染物扩散不利的天气形势.高空为偏西风且风速较大时,地面和... 相似文献
13.
An observational campaign was conducted in the street canyon of Zhujiang Road in Nanjing city in 2007.Hourly mean concentrations of PM10 were measured at street and roof levels.The Operational Street Pollution Model(OSPM)street canyon dispersion model was used to calculate the street concentrations and the results were compared with the measurements.The results show that there is good agreement between measured and predicted concentrations.The correlation coecient R2 values(R2 is a measure of the correlation of the predicted and measured time series of concentrations)are 0.5319,0.8044,and 0.6630 for the scatter plots of PM10 corresponding to light wind speed conditions,higher wind speed conditions,and all wind speed conditions,respectively.PM10 concentrations tend to be smaller for the higher wind speed cases and decrease rapidly with increasing wind speed.The presentations of measured and modelled concentration dependence on wind direction show fairly good agreement.PM10 concentrations measured on the windward side are relatively smaller,compared with the corresponding results for the leeward side.This study demonstrates that it is possible to use the OSPM to model PM10 dispersion rules for an urban street canyon. 相似文献
14.
A. L. Dement’eva G. S. Zhamsueva A. S. Zayakhanov V. V. Tsydypov A. A. Ayurzhanaev D. Azzayaa D. Oyunchimeg 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2013,38(2):80-87
Results are presented of monitoring measurements of the mass concentration of PM10 (particles with the size of less than 10 μm) and PM2.5 (less than 2.5 μm) fine-dispersed aerosol fractions at the Sainshand and Zamyn-Üüd stations located in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia. Revealed are the annual variations of the mass concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 fine-dispersed aerosol fractions at these stations in 2008. The maximum values of monthly mean concentration during the year were observed in May in the period of dust storms. On the days with the steady calm weather, the mass concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 varied within 5–8 μg/m3 (PM10) and 3–5 μg/m3 (PM2.5) at the Sainshand station. During the dust storms, the maximum values of concentration exceeded 1400 μg/m3 (PM10) and 380 μg/m3 (PM2.5) that is by 28 (PM10) and 15 (PM2.5) times higher than the maximum permissible concentration for the European Union. Results are given of studying the frequency and duration of dust storms in recent 20 years (1991–2010) in the Eastern Gobi Desert. 相似文献
15.
为了解不同程度的降水对江浙沪地区大气PM_(2.5)的清除作用,搜集了2014—2016年该地区41个城市的降水和PM_(2.5)观测数据,通过对比2 a非降水和全时段PM_(2.5)平均浓度的差异,发现前者显著高于后者,说明降水对该地区PM_(2.5)具有清除作用。利用降水前与降水期间PM_(2.5)的浓度差异作为降水对PM_(2.5)的清除率,降水后与降水期间的浓度差异作为雨后浓度回升的增加率,分别研究了目标区域不同时期、不同降雨量以及不同降雨时长对PM_(2.5)的清除效果。结果显示:(1)与江浙沪南部地区不同的是,北部地区降水清除率与降水前浓度存在正相关,降水后浓度的增加与当地的排放量呈正相关。(2)当降水量为30 mm或者降水时长为36 h时,清除率增幅减缓,说明降水对PM_(2.5)的清除效率存在着阈值。 相似文献
16.
基于国家生态环境部发布的环境空气质量监测数据等资料,采取调查研究与量化分析相结合的方法,对关中地区西安、渭南、咸阳、铜川、宝鸡5市空气质量的总体特征和空间差异进行研究.结果表明：颗粒污染物普遍严重超标,其中PM2.5和PM10分别超标91%和77%;空气污染具有明显的季节性,冬季的首要污染物是PM2.5和PM10,夏季的主要污染物是O3;关中空气污染受地形、气象条件和工业排放、采暖、施工、道路扬尘、汽车尾气等人类活动综合影响,大气污染具有相似性,同时表现出一定的差异性. 相似文献
17.
针对2013年1月江苏淮安地区发生的一次连续性雾霾天气过程,分析该天气过程中PM10和PM2.5的质量浓度演变特征、能见度与气象要素之间的关系、中低层环流特征以及污染物来源。结果表明:雾霾期间PM10和PM2.5质量浓度最低值出现在05:00至07:00(北京时间,下同)和13:00至17:00,最高值出现在21:00至23:00,PM10和PM2.5质量浓度并非同时达到极大值;持续变化较小的气压梯度、较低的风速、相对湿度的增大以及PM2.5和PM10质量浓度的增高是雾霾发生发展的必要条件;能见度与气压、相对湿度、PM2.5质量浓度的相关性较好,建立回归方程,对能见度的整体变化趋势拟合效果较好;高空环流形势平稳、中低层的暖平流、持续稳定少动的地面高压场分布为雾霾天气的持续发生发展提供了有利的形势背景;稳定的层结结构、中低层偏东及偏东北方向气团的输送、本地污染源以及严重的空气污染是此次过程中能见度偏低、霾天数较多的主要原因。 相似文献
18.
利用2015-2016年全国PM2.5质量浓度站点资料及CCMP(Cross Calibrated Multi-Platform)风场再分析资料,对中国华北、长三角、珠三角以及四川盆地主要城市在PM2.5污染下的近地面风场及其影响进行统计分析.结果表明:(1)近地面风速与PM2.5质量浓度表现为负相关,低风速有利于PM... 相似文献
19.
对2002年1月1日-2002年12月31日日照市环境监测中心提供的PM10(可吸入颗粒物)日平均浓度资料和对应时段的日照市地面气象资料做了深入的分析,揭示了污染物PM10变化特征及其随气象要素的变化规律。同时分析了主要污染物PM10与地面风速、风向间的相关关系,发现日照市大于等于3级的PM10污染日均出现在1-4月,地面风速对污染物PM10浓度有一定影响,当地面风速超过5m/s时,3级及以上污染日很少出现,当地面风速超过6.5m/s时,随着风速的提高,污染物浓度呈下降趋势。污染物浓度呈明显的季节变化,冬、春季节明显高于夏、秋季节。 相似文献
20.
I. N. Kuznetsova I. B. Konovalov A. A. Glazkova E. V. Berezin M. Beekmann E. -D. Schulze 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2013,38(3):150-158
The CHIMERE mesoscale chemistry transport model is used for the quantitative assessment of the contribution of transboundary transport of anthropogenic admixtures from China to the surface concentrations of major suspended pollutants, aerosol PM10, ozone O3, and nitrogen oxides NOx in the Far Eastern region. Analyzed in detail are the time series of concentration of mentioned substances computed with the model taking account and not taking account of anthropogenic emissions in China. It is revealed that the transboundary transport of anthropogenic pollutants can cause the recurring episodes of manyfold increase in the concentration of PM10 in the south of Khabarovsk region, as well as more rare variations of O3 and NOx concentration. The trajectory and synoptic analysis demonstrated that the episodes of the increase in the concentration of PM10 and O3 in the south of the region mainly depend on the carryover of air masses from northeastern China in the front part of continental cyclones. 相似文献