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利用NCEP全球数据同化系统(GDAS)1°×1°分析资料,对0917号台风"芭玛"折向东南向移动原因进行了分析。结果表明,中高纬度环流调整是"芭玛"折向东南向移动的根本原因;0918号台风"茉莉"通过改变外围环境场的强度、形状对"芭玛"台风产生间接影响,而两台风之间逆时针互旋以及台风"茉莉"外围强大的环流对台风"芭玛"的直接作用是台风"芭玛"折向东南向移动的关键。对台风"芭玛"经纬向UV最大风速变化诊断分析表明,"芭玛"经纬向UV最大风速中心的转移对"芭玛"折向东南向移动有重要影响,经纬向UV最大风速差的变化对"芭玛"转向具有预示作用,经纬向最大风速差的合成风方向与台风中心未来移动方向有一定的关系。 相似文献
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珠江口沿岸风暴潮灾害频发,且受台风影响显著。本研究对珠江口赤湾站近30 a(1990—2019)的极端增水进行了分析。结果显示:近年来该区域年平均增水没有显著变化,但极端风暴增水(99.9%分位数)强度显著增强(1.62cm·a–1),意味着极端风暴潮灾害强度不断变大;在这30a里,有20a的年最大增水发生于台风期间(占66.7%),2018年超强台风“山竹”引起的增水峰值达254cm,为近30a最大的风暴潮灾害事件;增水对台风的最大响应距离约为500～800km。在台风影响范围内,增水强度与台风强度呈近似的线性关系,与距台风中心距离则呈指数关系。分别利用台风强度的不同指标(台风中心最低气压、最大风速和最大风速半径),结合观测站距台风中心的距离,对增水进行拟合,发现风速与距离组合对风暴增水的刻画效果最好[Sw=3.23e–0.0036D×(Γw–3.90)+4.48,R2=0.78,RMSE=9.69cm]。这些研究结果可提升对珠江口风暴潮灾害的认识,为台风风暴潮模拟提供验证资... 相似文献
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西太平洋8708号台风海面风、浪结构及其关系的遥感研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文以Geosat卫星高度计1987年8月11日在西太平洋海域上的-上升轨道测得的风、浪资料为基础,统计分析了8708号台风影响下的海面风速和海浪特征.结果显示,此次台风影响下的海面风速和海浪波高的空间分布具有相对台风中心近似对称的结构特征,但在台风内区,台风移动方向的右方风速较左方风速增加较快,同时在台风外围,右方风速较左方风速衰减也较快;有效波高没有明显的内、外区结构,且左、右方波高随距离变化也呈不同的衰减率;风速与有效波高的关系在台风中心左右也呈现明显的不同;本文给出了台风的风速及波高随相对台风中心距离变化的经验关系式,以及合风风速与波高的经验关系式等. 相似文献
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通过对0509号“麦莎”台风浪的分析,揭示影响台风浪成长、发展、消衰的物理因素。分析结果表明:台风浪的大小、台风浪的范围、台风浪区的对称性不仅和台风的强度、移动速度、外围大尺度天气系统有关,并且也受岛屿及海底地形等环境条件的影响:其中影响台风浪主要因素是风速、风时和风区,三者之间相互影响相互制约。 相似文献
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0205号台风“威马逊”于7月初沿海北上影响浙江舟山。影响浙江舟山时台风中心气压仍有940hPa,在历史同期是少见的。本文初步分析认为,台风在北上过程中强度保持不变的原因是由于台风本身结构规则、尺度大,强而大的台风环流提供了广泛的辐合流入。台风外围深厚的暖湿水汽输送带为台风强度的维持提供了水汽和能量,台风强度维持与低层辐合高层辐散有关,高层辐散同时加剧了低层辐合。涡度场的对称分布,使水汽和能量向台风中心旋转,旋转风动能得以维持。弱的垂直切变和暖洋面的存在也是台风强度维持的原因之一。 相似文献
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2003年第14号台风"鸣蝉"朝西北方向移到24°N以北时,中心气压下降到920hPa,近中心最大风速达60m/s,在沿125°E北上时,强度减弱很缓慢.本文对该台风的移动路径和强度变化进行分析,发现台风主要是在副热带高压和高空槽的引导下移动,路径比较规则.来自热带辐合带的深厚水汽输送通道为台风强度的维持提供了丰沛的水汽和能量.200hPa高空槽前西南急流为台风提供强流出流场.涡度场的对称分布,使水汽和能量向台风中心旋转,低层辐合加强,涡动动能得以维持,有利于台风强度的加强.弱的水平风速垂直切变和暖洋面的加热作用,也是台风维持的原因. 相似文献
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0216号台风风暴潮灾害调查分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
0216号台风是近五年来登陆浙江最强的台风。本文通过对0216号台风风暴期灾害的调查、分析，基本摸清了灾害情况。经过与近十年来登陆浙江的强台风造成的灾害对比，发现此次台风风暴潮灾害造成的直接经济损失要比往年小的多，并分析了其原因。最后指出工程措施和非工程措施在防御台风风暴潮灾害中起到同等重要的作用。 相似文献
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针对只有高低潮数据的情况,利用人工神经网络建立起一种预报当前台风时刻后第一个高潮时增水的模型。该模型选取台风在当前时刻、前6 h、前12 h、前18 h的中心经度、纬度、最大风速、中心气压以及当前时刻前第一个高潮时刻的风暴增水为输入单元。台风当前时刻后第一个高潮时刻风暴增水为模型输出单元。利用历史资料形成的规范化后的模式对,对模型进行训练,训练成功后,结合台风因子预报模型,即可用于风暴增水的预报。经过长江口高桥站高低潮实测资料的检验,结果表明该模型提取到了风暴增水效应,说明该模型可用于风暴增水的预报。 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献