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1.
Summary A survey of radon in soil gas emissions was carried out in the Carnmenellis area of Cornwall to establish the location and extent of any major radon gas concentrations. Measurements of soil radon gas levels showed considerable variation. Radon emission variation with respect to atmospheric pressure was monitored but results showed no correlation between the variables. A survey of schools in the region with high indoor radon concentrations was carried out for comparison with the results of the main survey. A good correlation was found between the two surveys, suggesting that broad-based radon hazard mapping on a local scale may be feasible. 相似文献
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From radon hazard to risk prediction-based on geological maps,soil gas and indoor measurements in Germany 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Mapped geological units can be regarded as proxies standing for a complex series of subsoil geochemical and physical properties
including the assigned radon activity concentration in soil gas, which is taken as best estimator of the regional geogenic
radon potential. Areal distribution of measuring sites for soil gas in Germany is adapted to spatial variation of geology.
A grid-based and distance-weighted interpolation procedure is applied, following geologically defined neighbourhood relations
of measuring sites and accounting for isolated outcrops of known geology but without measurements. To investigate the statistical
relationship between indoor radon, house type and building ground specifications, measurements of the indoor radon concentration
have been carried out in more than 10,000 dwellings in different regions of Germany. Multiple regression analyses of variance
reveal that besides region-specific geological properties and building characteristics, various house type and living style
variables significantly contribute to the explained variance for ground floor radon concentrations. These parameters are also
dominant in controlling the radon transfer relation from soil gas to indoor air. Risk prediction maps for radon in houses
indicating the probability to exceed certain indoor threshold values can be useful especially for regions with no or only
a few measurements of indoor radon. 相似文献
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Radon measurements in soil and groundwater (springs, thermal springs and handpumps) were made in a variety of lithological
units including major thrusts between Mandi and Manali in Himachal Himalaya. Analysis of radon data in light of lithological
controls and influence of deep-seated thrusts has been made to elucidate the causative factors for anomalous emanation of
radon. The lithological types include banded gneisses, schists, quartzite, granite, phyllites, volcanics and mylonites. The
low-grade metasedimentries of Shali and Dharamsala generally show low and narrow range of radon concentration in water (5.6–13.4 Bq/l)
as well as in soil (1.8–3.2 kBq/m3) except for the samples related to thrusts. On the other hand, sheared and deformed rocks of Chail and Jutogh show moderate
radon content (average 5.03 kBq/m3, range 2.9–11.1 kBq/m3) in soil. However, the groundwater radon concentration shows wide variation in different types of sources (2.1–80.8 Bq/l).
The quartzite and volcanic rocks of Rampur formation in this area present as a window separated by Chail thrust. Radon emanations
on these rock types are relatively high (6.3–68.1 Bq/l in water and 5.5–15.9 kBq/m3 in soil) and are exceptionally high in samples that are related to uranium mineralization, deep-seated thrusts and hot springs
(13.5–653.5 Bq/l). It is generally observed that anomalous high radon content is associated with mineralization, deeper source
and tectonic discontinuities. Whereas it is obvious that subsurface radioactive mineralization would facilitate enhanced radon
production, however, thrust plains provide easy pathways for escape of gases from the deeper sources. Shallow and deep sources
of the groundwater have contrasting radon content particularly in the deformed and metamorphosed rocks of Jutogh and Chail.
Shallow groundwater sources, mainly handpumps, have lower radon concentration due to limited superficial water circulation,
whereas deeper sources, mainly perennial springs, show higher radon content because of larger opportunity for water–rock interaction. 相似文献
4.
Radon in Himalayan springs: a geohydrological control 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
This paper presents the results of radon measurements in springs of the Himalayan region by using radon emanometry technique.
The radon was measured in different springs, draining from different geohydrological setups, and from stream water in order
to find the geohydrological control over radon concentration in groundwater emanating in the form of spring. The radon values
were found to vary from 0.4 Bq/l to 887 Bq/l, being observed lowest for a turbulent stream and highest for the spring. The
radon values were recorded highest in the springs draining through gneiss, granite, mylonite, etc. Radon concentrations have
been related with four spring types viz. fracture-joint related spring, fault-lineament related spring, fluvial related spring
and colluvial related spring, showing geohydrological characteristics of the rocks through which they are emanating. The high
radon concentration in fracture-joint and fault-lineament spring is related to increased ratio of rock surface area to water
volume and uranium mineralisation in the shear zones present in the close vicinity of fault and thrust. The low concentration
of radon in fluvial and colluvial springs is possibly because of high transmissivity and turbulent flow within such deposits
leading to natural de-emanation of gases.
Received: 6 January 1998 · Accepted 11 May 1999 相似文献
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研究了广东省四家温泉宾馆室内温泉水及其使用过程中对氡浓度的影响。利用RAD-7测氡仪和NR667A测氡义连续测量室内外氡浓度和水氡浓度,发现室内氡浓度受地基土壤、建筑物类型、利用方式(是否洗浴、洗浴时间长短等)、通风状况等诸多因素的影响。无人入住时宾馆室内氡浓度的变化说明土壤氡的渗入是底层房间室内氡的重要影响因素。当在浴室内使用温泉水洗浴时,浴室内平均氡浓度比没有用温泉水时高出1～8．3倍,客房内氡浓度比没有用温泉水洗浴时高出1．2～8．3倍。在使用温泉水时,某些宾馆室内氡浓度超标,可能对宾馆工作人员造成潜在的健康危害,应采取管理措施或技术手段降低其暴露水平。 相似文献
6.
K. Maya Prasenjit Das K. Sreelash K. Narendra Babu 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2018,92(5):616-625
Spring water is a reliable source of potable water in many parts of the world. Uplifted coasts of the Southern Kerala host many high yielding cold water springs which emerge from the sand - clay interface of the Neogene outcrops. Lack of adequate studies on the hydrological and water quality aspects of these springs is challenging the wise use and management of these springs. Therefore, an attempt has been made to map the locations and study the water quality of the free-falling type of springs emerging from the Neogene outcrops exposed on the cliffed coasts of Southern Kerala, especially falling within the jurisdiction of Kollam and Thiruvananthapuram districts. A total of 31 springs from four distinct geomorphic settings has been located in our survey conducted in 2008–2009 period. But, our recent survey carried out in March 2017 revealed that about 10 % of the springs were dried out due to various reasons. The total spring water discharge during 2017 was about 450 liters/minute against the total discharge of 800 liters/minute in 2007–08 period. In general, the hydrochemistry of spring waters is dominated by alkali and strong acids, i.e. alkali-chloride type. Most of the hydrochemical parameters exhibit a great degree of seasonal and spatial variations and are well within the permissible limits (with the exception of pH) for all four groups of springs. The low mineral contents may be attributed to minimal weathering from silicate-rich rocks and insignificant leaching from soil due to infiltration from anthropogenic activities. The spring water quality in all the four groups of the study area is bacteriologically contaminated and therefore proper disinfection is required before human consumption. Most of the spring water samples are classified to be “excellent to good” for irrigation and is not expected to cause any salinity hazard. 相似文献
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云南大理至瑞丽铁路西段的潞西盆地含水层结构复杂、温泉甚多。选择该盆地的典型温泉——法帕温泉和芒留温泉,针对该区温泉成因分析中存在的疑点问题开展了地质、水文地质和水文地球化学调查工作。在分析该区温泉的水文地球化学特征,并与不同条件的温泉作类比研究的基础上,进一步剖析了温泉的成因。研究结果表明,法帕温泉和芒留温泉为典型的断裂型温泉,接受大气降水补给,下渗后被断层中的高温内生流体加热并在断层中储集和运移,储热层均为灰岩、白云质灰岩及泥灰岩,热储深度为2000m左右,温度可达160℃左右。 相似文献
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Radon-prone areas in Israel were mapped on the basis of direct measurements of radon (222Rn) in the soil/rock gas of all exposed geological units, supported by the accumulated knowledge of local stratigraphy and
sub-surface geology. Measurements were carried out by a modified alpha-track detection system, resulting in high radon levels
mainly in rocks of the Senonian-Paleocene-aged Mount Scopus Group, comprised of chert-bearing marly chalks, rich in phosphorite
which acts as the major uranium source. Issues of source depth, seasonal variations and comparison with indoor radon levels
are addressed as well. This approach could be applied to other similar terrains, especially the Mediterranean Phosphate Belt. 相似文献
12.
Liu Dongyan Luo Yunju Liu Xinrong 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2005,16(3):262-267
INTRODUCTION Southhotspring,smallhotspringandQiaokou barepresent,betweenthem,thegeothermalwaters ofthesouthhotspringsysteminthesouthhotspring anticlineinChongqing.Thesouthhotspringanti clineisageothermalwaterstoragesystem.Itex tendsfromnorthtosouthinthecentralpartof Chongqing.Itis45kmlongfromsouthtonorthand2kmwide.Thesouthhotspringandsmallhot spring,inthemiddleoftheanticline,arewell known touristattractionsfortheirgeothermalwaters.Ex cessiveexploitationledtoagradualdeclineinthewa terlev… 相似文献
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深井水温观测在中国已经开展了20多年,但目前对于水温响应机理的研究还不充分.而且利用温泉水对水温响应机理研究甚少.本文在2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震前后,即2008年5月1日至7月4日,对重庆北温泉水(距震中约400 km)进行采样监测,发现泉水水温水量发生较大变化:震后水温下降了1℃:海拔相对较高的BWQ-2、BWQ-3、BWQ-4相继断流,监测点BWQ-1的水量增加了15 L/s;与此同时.各泉点Fe~(3+)、Mn~(2+)浓度于地震当日成倍增长,随后逐渐减小,7月4日时浓度与5月1日相当.重庆北温泉位于四川盆地东部边缘地带,受汶川地震强烈影响导致冷水下渗作用,海拔相对较高而温度较低的温泉水改道,并有其他来自裂隙或者地表的低温水汇入温泉含水层,Fe~(3+)、Mn~(2+)浓度的变化从水化学上印证了冷水下渗学说. 相似文献
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四川昭觉县作为国家级贫困县,位于甘孜—新龙—理塘地热带的延伸区域内,拥有丰富的地热资源,但利用率低。为了揭示川西甘孜—新龙—理塘地热带热循环机理,助力当地的扶贫攻坚,合理开发利用地热资源,选择四川昭觉竹核温泉为研究对象,对其进行水化学和稳定同位素测试分析。结果表明:竹核温泉的水化学类型为HCO3-Na型,补给区的温度约为14.71 ℃,补给高程为3 345~3 560 m;采用SiO2地热温标法计算出热储平均温度为95.41 ℃,利用混合模型和硅-焓图解法估算出大温泉的混入冷水比例分别为77%、75.95%,小温泉的混入冷水比例分别为81%、78.61%,储热循环的深度范围为3 426.38~3 766.81 m;竹核温泉受木佛山断层和竹核断层等断裂带控制,在地热深循环的过程中与浅层冷水发生混合,与围岩发生水-岩反应,出露地表形成了以“大温泉、小温泉”为中心的中-低温地热资源。 相似文献
15.
Structural geology controls on groundwater flow: Lembang Fault case study, West Java, Indonesia 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Robert M. Delinom 《Hydrogeology Journal》2009,17(4):1011-1023
Field evidence has shown that Lembang Fault (West Java, Indonesia) can act as a groundwater flow barrier. There are outcrops along the footwall comprising consolidated brecciated rock with very low permeability, springs and hot springs occurring along down-thrown hanging-wall rock adjacent to the fault, and a high permeability layer of old and young Tangkuban Parahu eruptive materials (hanging wall) juxtaposed against the low permeability of the older volcanic layer of Bukit Tunggul unit (footwall). Two different environmental tracers were utilized in the study: electrical conductivity measurement and stable isotope analysis. Hydraulic head was measured at some wells along the fault and water electrical conductivity measurements were carried out in a small catchment, the upper part of Cikapundung River basin, which is located just north of Bandung City. Water samples for stable isotope composition analysis were taken from 19 observation wells distributed randomly inside the basin. All analysis data lead to the recognition that Lembang Fault blocks the groundwater flow. No indication was found for water being recharged at higher elevation in the northern part of Bandung Basin, which means the recharged water in Mount Tangkuban Parahu area does not reach Bandung Plain. 相似文献
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自然界中温泉形成的循环机制比较复杂,前人的实验模型研究很少有报导。根据断裂-深循环型温泉的特点可以设计一个简易实验装置,对温泉的形成进行模拟实验。实验采用充满砂的半圆弧形圆管实验装置,开展不同水温下热水循环的模拟实验,以便了解地下热水循环过程温泉流量的影响因素。利用室温实验计算出实验用砂的渗透系数K的范围在50.59～57.94 m/d。实验结果表明,温泉流量除与水头差、介质渗透系数和截面积呈正比例关系外,还随温度增大而增大。温泉形成过程是伴随能量转换的地下水循环过程,地下水从深部热源获得的热量使其温度升高,粘滞性降低,导致其流量增大。利用河北北部和广西东南部温泉的流量、温度数据进行验证,进一步分析了实验结果的合理性。 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》1994,9(1):83-91
Flow and chemical measurements have been made about once a month, and more frequently when required, since 1976 at two springs in Alum Rock Park in eastern San Jose, California, and since 1980 at two shallow wells in eastern Oakland in search of earthquake-related changes. All sites are on or near the Hayward Fault and are about 55 km apart. Temperature, electric conductivity, and water level or flow rate were measured in situ with portable instruments. Water samples were collected for later chemical and isotopic analyses in the laboratory. The measured flow rate at one of the springs showed a long-term decrease of about 40% since 1987, when a multi-year drought began in California. It also showed several increases that lasted a few days to a few months with amplitudes of 2.4 to 8.6 times the standard deviations above the background rate. Five of these increases were recorded shortly after nearby earthquakes of magnitude 5.0 or larger, and may have resulted from unclogging of the flow path and increase of permeability caused by strong seismic shaking. Two other flow increases were possibly induced by exceptionally heavy rainfalls. The water in both wells showed seasonal temperature and chemical variations, largely in response to rainfall. In 1980 the water also showed some clear chemical changes unrelated to rainfall that lasted a few months; these changes were followed by a magnitude 4 earthquake 37 km away. The chemical composition at one of the wells and at the springs also showed some longer-term variations that were not correlated with rainfall but possibly correlated with the five earthquakes mentioned above. These correlations suggest a common tectonic origin for the earthquakes and the anomalies. The last variation at the affected well occurred abruptly in 1989, shortly before a magnitude 5.0 earthquake 54 km away. 相似文献
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