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1.
北大别主簿源花岗岩和片麻岩矿物的 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
对大别造山带北部主簿源中生代花岗岩侵入体及其围岩片麻岩进行了矿物氧同位素分析，同时对同一样品进行了矿物 Rb- Sr内部等时线定年。结果表明，花岗岩和片麻岩矿物的氧同位素温度大小顺序为：角闪石 >磁铁矿 >榍石 >石英 >黑云母 >长石，遵循缓慢冷却条件下扩散控制的氧同位素交换封闭顺序，指示这些岩石没有受到后期热液蚀变的扰动。根据黑云母-长石-磷灰石-全岩内部 Rb- Sr等时线测定，花岗岩的年龄为 (118± 3) Ma，代表了岩浆侵位冷却年龄；片麻岩的年龄为 (122± 1) Ma，代表了片麻岩受大面积燕山期岩浆侵位热烘烤达到高温同位素平衡后的冷却年龄。因此，矿物之间的氧同位素平衡与否 ,能够对矿物 Rb- Sr体系封闭后平衡状态的保存性以及矿物内部等时线定年的有效性予直接制约。 相似文献
2.
《Gondwana Research》2013,23(3-4):992-1008
A recently discovered granitic intrusion at Cerro La Gloria in western Sierra de Famatina (NW Argentina) is representative of sub- to mid-alkaline Carboniferous magmatism in the region. The main rock type consists of microcline, quartz and plagioclase, with amphibole, magnetite, ilmenite, biotite, epidote, zircon, allanite and sphene as accessory minerals. We report a U–Pb zircon SHRIMP age for the pluton of 349 ± 3 Ma (MSWD = 1.1), i.e., Tournaisian. Whole-rock chemical composition and Nd isotope analyses are compatible with an origin by melting of older mafic material in the lower crust (εNdt between − 0.58 and + 0.46 and TDM values of about 1.1 Ga). The pluton is intruded by penecontemporaneous to late alkaline mafic dykes that are classified as back-arc basalts. Coeval, Early Carboniferous A-type granites occur farther east in the Sierras Pampeanas, probably generated during lithospheric stretching. Overall, the Early Carboniferous granitic rocks show a west-to-east mineralogical and isotopic zonation indicating that magma genesis involved a greater contribution of juvenile material of mantle character to the west. Based on the observed patterns of geochronology, geochemistry and field relationships we suggest that A-type magma genesis in the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas was linked to an Andean-type margin where the lithospheric mantle played a role in its generation. 相似文献
3.
北山地区照壁山金矿床地质特征及成因 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
照壁山金矿床是北山地区中部金矿集中区最具代表性的金矿床之一,金矿化主要在黑云母花岗岩株内或沿其与志留系公婆泉群火山-沉积岩的接触带产出,黑云母40Ar-39Ar同位素年龄为296±5 Ma.金矿体主要由含金石英脉,网脉和细脉浸染状块体组成,金属矿物主要有黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿、自然金和银金矿,脉石矿物为石英和绢云母.围岩蚀变自含金矿脉(体)向外,分别为硅化、绢云母化和绿泥石化;另外,沿岩体与火山-沉积岩接触带常可观察到黄铁绢英岩化.微量元素和硫、氧、氢及铅同位素数据表明:黑云母花岗岩是同碰撞造山期深源岩浆与地壳物质相互作用的结果,成(岩)矿物质主要来自壳幔混合源,含矿热液是岩浆热流体与大气降水混合的产物.海西期花岗质岩浆活动不仅为金矿床的形成提供了物质和热力来源,而且是成矿热液对流循环的"发动机",成矿体系温、压降低是导致金沉淀与富集的重要控制因素. 相似文献
4.
G. S. Ripp A. G. Doroshkevich E. I. Lastochkin I. A. Izbrodin 《Geochemistry International》2014,52(4):271-286
We present the results of a study on gabbroic rocks, syenites, pegmatites, carbonatites, and hydrothermal products of the Oshurkovo apatite-bearing massif. The results include Nd and Sr isotope ratios; the isotope compositions of carbon and oxygen in calcite; oxygen in apatite, magnetite, and silicate minerals (phlogopite, titanite, diopside, amphibole, K-feldspar, and quartz); sulfur in barite; and hydrogen in mica. The isotopic data are close to the EM-1 enriched mantle values and confirm a comagmatic relationship between the gabbros and carbonatites. The binary plot ?Nd vs. 87Sr/86Sr demonstrates strong differentiation between silicate rocks and carbonatites, as is the case with the other Late Mesozoic carbonatite occurrences of southwestern Transbaikalia. The oxygen isotope composition of all comagmatic phases also falls within the range of mantle values. A clear trend toward heavier oxygen and lighter carbon isotope compositions is observed in all successively emplaced phases, which is consistent with a trend defined by hydrothermal products formed under the influence of the parent magma chamber. Carbonates formed during the greenstone alteration of gabbroic rocks are enriched in the light oxygen isotope (δ18O from ?2.8 to ?7.3‰), suggesting a contribution of vadose water. 相似文献
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7.
George W. Fisher 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1970,29(2):91-103
Mineral segregations formed by metamorphic differentiation are an important source of information on diffusion processes in metamorphism. Segregations consisting of andalusite-biotite-quartz cores surrounded by a quartz-feldspar mantle in sillimanite-biotitefeldspar-quartz gneiss near Västervik, Sweden (Loberg, 1963) formed by core-to-mantle migration of K, and mantle-to-core migration of Fe, Mg and Ca. These migrations can be represented by a set of interconnected ionic equilibria involving reaction of microcline and Fe(OH)+ in the core to form andalusite plus biotite, and reaction of K+, sillimanite and biotite in the mantle to form microcline. Equilibrium constants for these reactions, calculated for conditions inferred from the mineral assemblage and biotite composition, indicate gradients of K+ activity (higher in core) and Fe(OH)+ activity (higher in mantle). These gradients result simply from the free energy difference between andalusite and sillimanite, without invoking pre-existing megascopic inhomogeneities in the rock or surface energy effects. Although small, these gradients appear to be capable of driving the segregation process. 相似文献
8.
Geneses of Two Types of Mafic Rocks to Carry Placer‐Magnetite Ores in the Sanin Granitic Belt,SW Japan 
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下载免费PDF全文 Two types of mafic rocks from the central Sanin district, and their mafic minerals, were studied chemically and microscopically. They are classified into pyroxene‐containing gabbroid and hornblende–biotite quartz diorite. The gabbroid had higher color index but lower magnetite content; while the quartz diorite had lower color index, but higher magnetite content. The magnetite contents are also related to the amounts of hydrous mafic silicates. The gabbroic magma having pyroxene–amphibole assemblage, originated in the upper mantle, was considered essentially anhydrous, but became partly hydrous on the way to the site of solidification in the continental crust, and crystallized some magnetites with hypersthene and amphibole. The quartz dioritic magma was formed by partial melting of possibly subducting ocean‐floor basalts, once exposed to the sea‐floor then altered; thus the magmas became hydrous and oxidized originally, and precipitated abundant magnetite and hydrous mafic silicates from the early crystallization stage onward. Their weathered parts provided the most placer magnetite ores in the history. 相似文献
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华北克拉通前寒武纪BIF铁矿研究:进展与问题 总被引：29，自引：18，他引：11
研究表明,BIF铁矿在华北克拉通的分布具有一定规律性.大规模BIF铁矿主要发育在绿岩带分布区的鞍山-本溪、冀东、霍邱-舞阳、五台、鲁西和固阳等地;华北克拉通时代最古老的BIF形成于古太古代,最年轻BIF形成于古元古代早期,但BIF铁矿的峰期为新太古代晚期(2.52 ～2.56Ga);BIF铁矿类型可划分为阿尔戈马型和苏比利尔湖型两类,但华北以晚太古代绿岩带中的阿尔戈马型为主,仅吕梁的古元古代袁家村铁矿具典型苏比利尔湖型铁矿特征.根据BIF在绿岩带序列中的产出部位和岩石组合关系,可将华北BIF划分为:1)斜长角闪岩(夹角闪斜长片麻岩)-磁铁石英岩组合;2)斜长角闪岩-黑云变粒岩-云母石英片岩-磁铁石英岩组合;3)黑云变粒岩(夹黑云石英片岩)-磁铁石英岩组合;4)黑云变粒岩-绢云绿泥片岩-黑云石英片岩-磁铁石英岩组合;5)斜长角闪岩(片麻岩)-大理岩-磁铁石英岩组合等5种类型.华北克拉通BIF形成时代与早前寒武纪岩浆活动的时间基本一致(2.5～2.6Ga),但与华北克拉通陆壳增生的峰期(2.7～2.9Ga)有一定偏差,其原因可能与新太古代晚期华北克拉通构造-热事件十分强烈有关.华北克拉通新太古代BIF大多形成于岛弧环境,但局部地区(如固阳)BIF铁矿可能形成于深部有地幔柱叠加的岛弧环境.华北克拉通BIF富矿主要有三种类型:原始沉积、受后期构造-热液叠加改造和古风化壳等,但总体不发育富铁矿,国外发育的风化壳型富铁在我国甚为少见.本文认为在探讨BIF铁矿类型时,需要从绿岩带发育序列进行综合判别.阿尔戈马型铁矿一般产于克拉通基底(绿岩带)环境,苏比利尔湖型铁矿一般形成于稳定克拉通上的海相沉积盆地或被动大陆边缘.华北克拉通BIF铁矿地球化学研究结果表明,BIF铁矿无Ce负异常且Fe同位素为正值,从而暗示铁矿沉淀的环境为低氧或缺氧环境,而铕正异常可能指示BIFs为热水沉积成因,其机制可能为海水对流循环从新生镁铁质-超镁铁质洋壳中淋滤出F(e)和Si等元素,在海底排泄沉淀成矿,而条带状构造的形成可能归咎于成矿流体的脉动式喷溢.但对于BIF铁矿的物质来源、成矿条件和机制、富铁矿成因、华北克拉通不发育苏比利尔湖型铁矿的原因等方面,仍需深入研究. 相似文献
11.
洛宁花山岩体地球化学特征及成因的探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
出露在河南省洛宁县境内的花山花岗岩复式岩体从早到晚依次划分为似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩，似斑状黑云母角闲石英二长岩，中细粒角闪黑云母二长花岗岩三个阶段。本文简要叙述了花山岩体各阶段岩石的地球化学特征，并结合已有基础地质、同位素资料，探讨了花山岩体的成因机制。结果表明，花山岩体属Ｉ型花岗岩类，为大陆板块内部的同熔型花岗岩，形成花山岩体的岩浆来源于混有地幔物质的太华群地层。 相似文献
12.
Fourteen cogenetic quartz-biotite pairs from gneissic wall rocks, and 22 quartz, 16 calcite, and 8 biotite samples and 1 sample
of albite from fissure-filling veins in the Western Tauern Window were analyzed for their oxygen isotope composition. The
δ18O values show the following ranges: (a) quartz, +6.0 in fissure in amphibolite to +10.3 in fissures in granite gneisses; (b)
biotite, +2.5 to +6.7; and (c) calcite, +7.0 to +8.9. The δ18O value of albite is +7.1. Only a small variation in the hydrogen isotope composition of biotite was detected. δD values of
7 biotites from gneisses and fissure fillings varied from −54 to −59. There is no significant difference in the hydrogen isotope
composition of fissure biotite and biotite from the host rock. This indicates that a common water source of probably deep-seated
origin existed, with no detectable contribution from isotopically light meteoric water.
Oxygen isotope fractionations between coexisting quartz and biotite of 3.5 to 7.0‰ indicate equilibrium temperatures of 640
° to 450 ° C, respectively, using the fractionation curve of Hoernes and Friedrichsen (1978). The highest temperatures of
equilibration are for the rocks at the Alpenhauptkamm, i.e., the central part of the Tauern Window. Successively lower temperatures
are found to the north and to the south of the Alpenhauptkamm along a traverse through Penninic units of the Tauern Window.
The metamorphism of the host rocks and the filling of fissures has occurred at the same temperature in a given sample locality. 相似文献
13.
Inter-mineral Fe isotope variations in mantle-derived rocks and implications for the Fe geochemical cycle 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Iron isotope and major- and minor-element compositions of coexisting olivine, clinopyroxene, and orthopyroxene from eight spinel peridotite mantle xenoliths; olivine, magnetite, amphibole, and biotite from four andesitic volcanic rocks; and garnet and clinopyroxene from seven garnet peridotite and eclogites have been measured to evaluate if inter-mineral Fe isotope fractionation occurs in high-temperature igneous and metamorphic minerals and if isotopic fractionation is related to equilibrium Fe isotope partitioning or a result of open-system behavior. There is no measurable fractionation between silicate minerals and magnetite in andesitic volcanic rocks, nor between olivine and orthopyroxene in spinel peridotite mantle xenoliths. There are some inter-mineral differences (up to 0.2‰ in 56Fe/54Fe) in the Fe isotope composition of coexisting olivine and clinopyroxene in spinel peridotites. The Fe isotope fractionation observed between clinopyroxene and olivine appears to be a result of open-system behavior based on a positive correlation between the Δ56Feclinopyroxene-olivine fractionation and the δ56Fe value of clinopyroxene and olivine. There is also a significant difference in the isotopic compositions of garnet and clinopyroxene in garnet peridotites and eclogites, where the average Δ56Feclinopyroxene-garnet fractionation is +0.32 ± 0.07‰ for six of the seven samples. The one sample that has a lower Δ56Feclinopyroxene-garnet fractionation of 0.08‰ has a low Ca content in garnet, which may reflect some crystal chemical control on Fe isotope fractionation. The Fe isotope variability in mantle-derived minerals is interpreted to reflect subduction of isotopically variable oceanic crust, followed by transport through metasomatic fluids. Isotopic variability in the mantle might also occur during crystal fractionation of basaltic magmas within the mantle if garnet is a liquidus phase. The isotopic variations in the mantle are apparently homogenized during melting processes, producing homogenous Fe isotope compositions during crust formation. 相似文献
14.
Hydrogen‐ and oxygen‐isotope analyses of biotite (19), sericite (8), chlorite (2), quartz (27), and total rocks (37) from the Panguna porphyry‐copper deposit on Bougainville Island, place important constraints on the origin of the hydrothermal fluids responsible for mineralization and alteration in the mine region. Early high‐temperature amphibole‐magnetite alteration resulted from magmatic‐hydrothermal fluids. Several lines of evidence indicate 500°C as a realistic average temperature for mineralization, development of quartz veins, and biotitization processes. On the basis of mineral isotope data, responsible fluids could represent either 18O‐shifted ground‐waters or magmatic‐hydrothermal fluids at submagmatic temperatures. Independent evidence, as well as total‐rock 18O data, support the magmatic‐hydrothermal model. Late‐stage sericitization processes probably resulted from fluids produced by 18O shifting of groundwaters during the evolution of the propylitic zone. Outermost quartz veins and biotitization conceivably resulted from fluids similar to those that caused sericitization, indicating that some interaction between relatively cool, 18O‐poor meteoric waters and the ore fluids occurred near the margins of the deposit. The origin of the chlorite‐sericite alteration cannot be resolved solely by isotope studies. 相似文献
15.
G. S. Ripp E. V. Khodyreva I. A. Izbrodin M. O. Rampilov E. I. Lastochkin V. F. Posokhov 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2017,59(5):407-420
The paper gives a mineralogical and geochemical characterization of the North Gurvunur deposit, which was discovered in the Eravna ore district. The ore is composed of apatite–magnetite paragenesis. Apatite is distinguished by elevated LREE concentrations; some of them are contained in emulsion-type impregnation of monazite. Hematitization, carbonate, quartz, and pyrite veinlets formed at the postore stage, and gypsum–anhydrite mineralization is widespread in the supraore sequence. Two groups of endogenic minerals are distinguished by oxygen isotopic composition. One of them comprises magnetite and apatite, which are characterized by a homogeneous composition throughout the section of the ore lode and are close to the mantle source. The oxygen–isotope temperature calculated for the apatite–magnetite couple (620–800°C) provides evidence for magmatic origin of ore. The δ18O of fluid in equilibrium with hematite is 8.0–8.5‰ and shows a certain enrichment in crustal component; carbonates of postore veinlets reveal participation of meteoric water. The study has made it possible to refer the North Gurvunur deposit to the Kiruna type. 相似文献
16.
激光探针分析在氧同位素地球化学研究中的应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
简要介绍了氧同位素分析的最新方法———激光探针法的主要特点,并详细评述了激光探针分析在氧同位素地球化学研究中的应用。某些矿物内部存在氧同位素组成的变化,构成氧同位素环带。与其他化学成分环带一样,矿物氧同位素环带也可以分为生长环带（包括次生加大的环带）和扩散环带两种。变质岩中石榴石经常保存有明显的生长环带,而矽卡岩中石榴石、变质花岗质岩石中锆石和蚀变花岗岩中石英等矿物均可以记录岩石形成早期的某些氧同位素特征。由于这种差异与岩石的形成环境有关,因此通过对矿物氧同位素组成的微区分析可揭示岩石的某些成因信息。在缓慢冷却的变质岩中,磁铁矿的氧同位素环带常是扩散作用形成的,由此可以确定岩石的冷却速率。通过对脉石英的激光探针分析,可以研究流体的流动机理。变质岩的氧同位素微区分析为ｐ Ｔ ｔ ｆ轨迹研究提供了有力的武器,而氧同位素示踪可用来解决流体在变质岩形成过程中的作用问题。 相似文献
17.
This study focuses on the lithological characterization, quantitative deterioration assessment and conservation treatment
of the tenth century rock-carved Buddha statues in Korea. The Buddha statues were carved on light gray macrocrystalline biotite
granite, and features microcline phenocrysts and pegmatite patches. The rock-forming minerals are quartz, plagioclase, microcline
and biotite showing micrographic and porphyritic textures. Feldspars and biotite in the host rock have been partly altered
into sericite and chlorite by weathering. The surface of the Buddha statues is remarkably irregular due to granular disintegration
and the differential weathering of the quartz and microcline. In addition, horizontal and vertical cracks in the host rock
have promoted mechanical weathering. Biological colonization of the statues was serious, and featured dark gray and yellowish
green lichen, dark green bryophyte and some plants. The Buddha statues were evaluated as the highly weathered rock by ultrasonic
survey. The lower parts under the influence of water and areas with severely broken surfaces showed a much more advanced weathering
grade. Therefore, scientific conservation treatment was carried out for the long-term maintenance and conservation of the
Buddha statues. After pretests, dry, wet and chemical cleanings were applied to the statues. Next, joining of cracked parts
and surface consolidating were executed. Finally, the site environment was improved by installation of drain and trimming
trees around the statues to ensure more stable long-term conservation. 相似文献
18.
Marthinus Cloete Rodger J. Hart Herbert K. Schmid Martyn Drury Chris M. Demanet K. Vijaya Sankar 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1999,137(3):232-245
Submicroscopic opaque particles from highly shocked granite-gneisses close to the core of the Vredefort impact structure
have been investigated by means of micro-analytical techniques with high spatial resolution such as electron diffraction,
orientation contrast imagery and magnetic force microscopy. The opaque particles have been identified as nano- to micro-sized
magnetite that occur in several distinct modes. In one sample magnetite occurs along relict planar deformation features (PDFs)
in quartz, generally accepted as typical shock lamellae. The magnetite particles along shock lamellae in quartz grains virtually
all show uniform crystallographic orientations. In most instances, the groups of magnetite within different quartz grains
are systematically misorientated such that they share a subparallel <101> direction. The magnetite groups of all measured
quartz grains thus appear to have a crystallographic preferred orientation in space. In a second sample, orientations of magnetite
particles have been measured in microfractures (non-diagnostic of shock) of quartz, albite and in the alteration halos, (e.g.
biotite grains breaking down to chlorite). The crystallographic orientations of magnetite particles are diverse, with only
a minor portion having a preferred orientation. Scanning electron microscopy shows that magnetite along the relict PDFs is
invariably associated with other microcrystalline phases such as quartz, K-feldspar and biotite. Petrographic observations
suggest that these microcrystalline phases crystallized from locally formed micro-melts that intruded zones of weakness such
as microfractures and PDFs shortly after the shock event. The extremely narrow widths of the PDFs suggest that heat may have
dissipated rapidly resulting in melts crystallizing relatively close to where they were generated. Magnetic force microscopy
confirms the presence of magnetic particles along PDFs. The smallest particles, <5 μm with high aspect ratios 15:1 usually
exhibit intense, uniform magnetic signals characteristic of single-domain magnetite. Consistent offsets between attractive
and repulsive magnetic signals of individual single-domain particles suggest consistent directions of magnetization for a
large proportion of particles.
Received: 16 November 1998 / Accepted: 17 May 1999 相似文献
19.
加多捕勒铁铜矿床位于冈底斯Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu-Fe成矿带西段。矿区出露的复式岩体由黑云二长花岗岩(50.9±1.8Ma)和石英二长闪长岩组成。本文以石英二长闪长岩为研究对象,分析了岩体地球化学特征、SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄以及原位锆石Hf同位素与稀土元素。分析结果显示石英二长闪长岩具岛弧岩浆活动特征,锆石U-Pb年龄84.3±1.4Ma,为晚白垩世岩浆活动产物,锆石Hf同位素与稀土元素指示岩浆源区具壳幔混源特征,且以古老地壳物质的部分熔融为主。综合分析已有研究成果及本文数据,笔者认为矿区晚白垩世岩浆活动可能与低缓角度俯冲的新特提斯洋壳有关。 相似文献
20.
The phosphate and sulfate-phosphate minerals in the sillimanite-bearing rocks of the Kyakhta deposit are considered. The mineral
assemblages of the high-Al rocks were formed during prograde and retrograde stages of metamorphism. The first stage is characterized
by the formation of sillimanite, corundum, muscovite, quartz, rutile, titanohematite, magnetite, feldspar, biotite, lazulite,
and wagnerite. The muscovite composition showed that sillimanite paragenesis was formed at temperatures above 510–600°C. According
to oxygen isotope thermometry, the minimum metamorphic temperature for quartz and titanohematite is 690°C. Andalusite, diaspore,
quartz, pyrophyllite, muscovite, and a wide range of phosphates and sulfate-phosphates crystallized during the retrograde
stage. The decrease in temperature and increase in the water content led to the following sequence of mineral formation: Mg-Fe-Al-Ca-REE-rich
phosphates (lazulite, scorzalite, augelite, apatite, and monazite) → Ca-Sr sulfate-phosphates (woodhouseite and svanbergite)
→ sulfate (barite) → Sr-Ca-Ba aluminophosphates (goyazite, crandallite, and gorceixite). The chemical compositions of phosphates
and sulfate-phosphates minerals and their formation conditions are discussed. 相似文献