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1.
Abstract

The tertonic interpretation of the Montagne Noire Gneiss Dome (southern French II Massif (Central) has been controversial for a long time. Several models have been proposed : diapirie uplift, wreneching and diapirism, compressive anticline, and metamorphie core complex. Evidence for extensional tectonics in the French Varisean Belt favours the latter interpretation. Strain and metamorphism patterns in the eastern part of the Montagne Noire result from two successive extensional deformations during Late Carboniferous to Permian times. The occurrence of a major detachment zone along the northern edge of the Montagne Noire Gneiss Dome as well the presence of sedimentary) basias to the north point to the asymmetry) of the Stephanian-Permian extensional system. We propose a new model of gneiss dome involving isostatie uprising and consecutive tectonic denudation of the duetile lower crust. This process results in asymmetrical extensional systems characterized by roll-under folding of the footwall and development of basins in the hangingwall as in the Montagne Noire. The model is finally discussed in comparison to previous interpretations.  相似文献   

2.
Dating the magmatic events in the Montagne Noire gneiss dome is a key point to arbitrate between the different interpretations of the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian tectonics in this southern part of the Variscan belt. The Saint-Eutrope orthogneiss crops out along the northern flank of the dome. We show that the protolith of this orthogneiss is an Ordovician granite dated at 455 ± 2 Ma (LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating on zircon). This age is identical to that previously obtained on the augen orthogneiss of the southern flank, strongly suggesting that both orthogneiss occurrences have the same Ordovician protolith. The Saint-Eutrope orthogneiss experienced intense shearing along the Espinouse extensional detachment at ca. 295 Ma (LA-ICP-MS U-Pb-Th on monazite), an age close to that determined previously on mica by the 39Ar-40Ar method and contemporaneous with the emplacement age of the syntectonic Montalet granite farther to the west. This normal sense shearing reworked previous fabrics related to Variscan thrusting that can be still observed in the augen orthogneiss of the southern flank, and is responsible for the spectacular “C/S-like” pattern of the Saint-Eutrope orthogneiss. This work also shows that care is needed when dealing with C/S-type structures, since they can develop not only in syntectonic intrusions, but also in orthogneisses affected by an intense secondary deformation, at decreasing temperature.  相似文献   

3.
Erratum     
《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(6):391-393
The Monts de Lacaune belong to the south-eastern (external) part of the French Massif Central. They constitute the lowermost unit in the Albigeois Nappe Pile, which is juxtaposed to the S against the gneiss dome (“Zone Axiale”) of the Montagne Noire. The Monts de Lacaune are composed of Cambrian to Silurian sediments, which show very low-grade metamorphic conditions. A multi-method investigation of phyllosilicates (illite and chlorite crystallinity, b cell dimension, K-Ar dating of fine fractions and electron microprobe analysis) permits to distinguish three metamorphic events: M1 (acquired during early folding and nappe stacking, 342-333 Ma), M2 (caused by the rise of the hot Zone Axiale) and M3 (probably caused by post-Variscan intrusions, Permian). The age range obtained for the nappe stacking is intermediate between deformation ages dated in the northern part of the Albigeois Nappe Pile and in the Southern Palaeozoic Nappes (southern Montagne Noire). This conforms to the classical concept of S-ward propagating tectonic accretion in the French Massif Central with a rate of shortening of c. 1.5 cm/year.  相似文献   

4.
错那洞穹隆属于北喜马拉雅片麻岩穹隆带(NHGD)的东南部重要组成部分,是本次研究首次发现并确立的穹隆构造。穹隆位于藏南扎西康矿集区南部,由外向内被两条环形断裂划分为三个岩石-构造单元:特提斯喜马拉雅沉积岩系上部单元、中部单元以及核部,其中内侧断裂为下拆离断层,外侧为上拆离断层。上部单元主要由侏罗系日当组的泥质粉砂质板岩和片岩组成,由外向穹隆中心靠近,根据变质矿物组合特征,其岩性呈较明显的渐变过程,即含或者不含变质矿物的泥质粉砂质板岩、含堇青石粉砂质板岩、含石榴石堇青石粉砂质板岩和含石榴石黑云母粉砂质板岩;中部单元从上至下岩石变质程度逐渐加深,构造变形依次增强,岩性依次为日当组低-高变质的片岩(包括含石榴石黑云母石英片岩、含蓝晶石-十字石二云母石英片岩、含矽线石二云母二长片麻岩)、含电气石(化)花岗质黑云母片麻岩、石榴石云母片麻岩和糜棱状石英二云母片麻岩,其典型变质矿物有石榴石、十字石、矽线石和蓝晶石;核部主要由糜棱状花岗质片麻岩夹少量的副片麻岩和错那洞淡色花岗岩组成。错那洞穹隆主要发育四期线理构造:近N-S向逆冲、N-S向伸展线理、近E-W向线理和围绕核部向四周外侧倾伏线理,分别对应了穹隆构造经历的四期主要变形:初期向南逆冲、早期近N-S向伸展、主期近E-W向伸展和晚期滑塌构造运动,其中主期近E-W向伸展对应于错那洞穹隆的形成,其动力学背景可能是印度板块斜向俯冲及由俯冲引起的中地壳向东流动双重作用。错那洞穹隆的发现和确立丰富了NHGD近E-W向伸展构造,进一步将NHGD划分为由近N-S向伸展所形成的穹隆带(简称NS-NHGD)和近E-W向伸展所形成的穹隆带(EW-NHGD)。  相似文献   

5.
The Montagne Noire in the southernmost French Massif Central is made of an ENE‐elongated gneiss dome flanked by Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks. The tectonic evolution of the gneiss dome has generated controversy for more than half a century. As a result, a multitude of models have been proposed that invoke various tectonic regimes and exhumation mechanisms. Most of these models are based on data from the gneiss dome itself. Here, new constraints on the dome evolution are provided based on a combination of very low‐grade petrology, K–Ar geochronology, field mapping and structural analysis of the Palaeozoic western Mont Peyroux and Faugères units, which constitute part of the southern hangingwall of the dome. It is shown that southward‐directed Variscan nappe‐thrusting (D1) and a related medium‐P metamorphism (M1) are only preserved in the area furthest away from the gneiss dome. The regionally dominant pervasive tectono‐metamorphic event D2/M2 largely transposes D1 structures, comprises a higher metamorphic thermal gradient than M1 (transition low‐P and medium‐P metamorphic facies series) and affected the rocks between c. 309 and 300 Ma, post‐dating D1/M1 by more than 20 Ma. D2‐related fabrics are refolded by D3, which in its turn, is followed by dextral‐normal shearing along the basal shear zone of both units at c. 297 Ma. In the western Mont Peyroux and Faugères units, D2/M2 is largely synchronous with shearing along the southern dome margin between c. 311 and 303 Ma, facilitating the emplacement of the gneiss dome into the upper crust. D2/M2 also overlaps in time with granitic magmatism and migmatization in the Zone Axiale between c. 314 and 306 Ma, and a related low‐P/high‐T metamorphism at c. 308 Ma. The shearing that accompanied the exhumation of the dome therefore was synchronous with a peak in temperature expressed by migmatization and intrusion of melts within the dome, and also with the peak of metamorphism in the hangingwall. Both, the intensity of D2 fabrics and the M2 metamorphic grade within the hangingwall, decrease away from the gneiss dome, with grades ranging from the anchizone–epizone boundary to the diagenetic zone. The related zonation of the pre‐D3 metamorphic field gradients paralleled the dome. These observations indicate that D2/M2 is controlled by the exhumation of the Zone Axiale, and suggest a coherent kinematic between the different crustal levels at some time during D2/M2. Based on integration of these findings with regional geological constraints, a two‐stage exhumation of the gneiss dome is proposed: during a first stage between c. 316 and 300 Ma dome emplacement into the upper crust was controlled by dextral shear zones arranged in a pull‐apart‐like geometry. The second stage from 300 Ma onwards was characterized by northeast to northward extension, with exhumation accommodated by north‐dipping detachments and hangingwall basin formation along the northeastern dome margin.  相似文献   

6.
In orogens worldwide and throughout geologic time, large volumes of deep continental crust have been exhumed in domal structures. Extension-driven ascent of bodies of deep, hot crust is a very efficient mechanism for rapid heat and mass transfer from deep to shallow crustal levels and is therefore an important mechanism in the evolution of continents. The dominant rock type in exhumed domes is quartzofeldspathic gneiss (typically migmatitic) that does not record its former high-pressure (HP) conditions in its equilibrium mineral assemblage; rather, it records the conditions of emplacement and cooling in the mid/shallow crust. Mafic rocks included in gneiss may, however, contain a fragmentary record of a HP history, and are evidence that their host rocks were also deeply sourced. An excellent example of exhumed deep crust that retains a partial HP record is in the Montagne Noire dome, French Massif Central, which contains well-preserved eclogite (garnet+omphacite+rutile+quartz) in migmatite in two locations: one in the dome core and the other at the dome margin. Both eclogites record P ~ 1.5 ± 0.2 GPa at T  ~  700 ± 20°C, but differ from each other in whole-rock and mineral composition, deformation features (shape and crystallographic preferred orientation, CPO), extent of record of prograde metamorphism in garnet and zircon, and degree of preservation of inherited zircon. Rim ages of zircon in both eclogites overlap with the oldest crystallization ages of host gneiss at c. 310 Ma, interpreted based on zircon rare earth element abundance in eclogite zircon as the age of HP metamorphism. Dome-margin eclogite zircon retains a widespread record of protolith age (c. 470–450 Ma, the same as host gneiss protolith age), whereas dome-core eclogite zircon has more scarce preservation of inherited zircon. Possible explanations for differences in the two eclogites relate to differences in the protolith mafic magma composition and history and/or the duration of metamorphic heating and extent of interaction with aqueous fluid, affecting zircon crystallization. Differences in HP deformation fabrics may relate to the position of the eclogite facies rocks relative to zones of transpression and transtension at an early stage of dome development. Regardless of differences, both eclogites experienced HP metamorphism and deformation in the deep crust at c. 310 Ma and were exhumed by lithospheric extension—with their host migmatite—near the end of the Variscan orogeny. The deep crust in this region was rapidly exhumed from ~50 to <10 km, where it equilibrated under low-P/high-T conditions, leaving a sparse but compelling record of the deep origin of most of the crust now exposed in the dome.  相似文献   

7.
This paper aims to decipher the thermal evolution of the Montagne Noire Axial Zone (MNAZ, southern French Massif Central) gneiss core and its metasedimentary cover through determination of P–T paths and temperature gradients. Migmatitic gneiss from the core of the dome record a clockwise evolution culminating at 725 ± 25 °C and 0.8 ± 0.1 GPa with partial melting, followed by a decompression path with only minor cooling to 690 ± 25° C and 0.4 ± 0.1 GPa. Field structural analyses as well as detailed petrological observations indicate that the cover sequence experienced LP‐HT metamorphism. Apparent thermal gradients within the cover were determined with garnet–biotite thermometry and Raman Spectroscopy on Carbonaceous Matter. High‐temperature apparent gradients (e.g. ～530 °C km?1 along one transect) are explained by late brittle–ductile extensional shearing evidenced by phyllonites that post‐date peak metamorphism. In areas where normal faults are less abundant and closely spaced, gradients of ～20 to 50 °C km?1 are calculated. These gradients can be accounted for by a combination of dome emplacement and ductile shearing (collapse of isotherms), without additional heat input. Finally, the thermal evolution of the MNAZ is typical for many gneiss domes worldwide as well as with other LP‐HT terranes in the Variscides.  相似文献   

8.
南海盆地的扩张经历了早期(中生代晚期至新生代早期)和晚期(32~17Ma)2个快速阶段,但2阶段在时间上相继,在形成机制上也可能是一致的.然而由于南海盆地与周围板块侧向作用的关系复杂,对扩张机制的认识一直极具争议,新的构造分析和测年资料表明“弧后扩张”及“走滑扩张”模式均与事实有出入.对位于华南地块西南缘的都龙SongChay变质穹隆体的研究表明,在中生代至新生代时期,至少经历了2期重要的伸展构造: D1期(237~228Ma)穹隆的隆升与表露阶段,代表了印支期造山作用前的伸展构造; D2期(86~78Ma)叠加和改造阶段,并有可能始于176~146Ma,致使穹隆进一步隆升和表露.D2期构造在发育时间、伸展方向及变形方式等上既与华南地块同时期区域伸展构造特征相一致,也与南海盆地北缘早期扩张特征相一致.因此,作为华南地块的组成部分,南海盆地北缘的早期扩张也是华南中生代晚期至新生代早期伸展构造的构成部分.由此推测,南海盆地扩张的动力学机制可能主要来自于华南地块的板内变形作用,而哀牢山-红河断裂带的左行走滑作用对南海盆地新生代的扩张起到推动和加强作用.   相似文献   

9.
Mapping of the dome structures in the central zone of the Damaran orogen, Namibia, has shown a profound ductile shear zone, the Khan river detachment, separating the 1000 Ma granitic basement gneiss from the 550 Ma metamorphosed Damaran metasedimentary cover. This shear zone is a regional scale mid-crustal detachment up to two kilometres thick, with an unknown displacement. Extension lineations are oriented NE-SW along the length of the orogen and parallel to the axes of tight, contemporaneous, periclinal synclinoria in the Damaran cover and parallel to the long axes of the more open, elongate dome structures in the basement gneisses. Various kinematic indicators show that the hanging wall above the detachment has moved towards the south-west under extensional conditions. The domes are thought to be the result of combined crustal NW-SE compression and SW-NE extension when the cover escaped and flowed towards the south-west during the oblique collision of the Kalahari and Congo cratons. Evidence from the margins and the interior of the Damaran orogen, where the basement was thrust onto the cratonic platforms, suggests that the collision was sinistrally transpressive. The structural elements identified so far could be compared to the North American metamorphic core complex model.  相似文献   

10.
The tectonic evolution of the Rhodope massif involves Mid-Cretaceous contractional deformation and protracted Oligocene and Miocene extension. We present structural, kinematic and strain data on the Kesebir–Kardamos dome in eastern Rhodope, which document early Tertiary extension. The dome consists of three superposed crustal units bounded by a low-angle NNE-dipping detachment on its northern flank in Bulgaria. The detachment separates footwall gneiss and migmatite in a lower unit from intermediate metamorphic and overlying upper sedimentary units in the hanging wall. The high-grade metamorphic rocks of the footwall have recorded isothermal decompression. Direct juxtaposition of the sedimentary unit onto footwall rocks is due to local extensional omission of the intermediate unit. Structural analysis and deformational/metamorphic relationships give evidence for several events. The earliest event corresponds to top-to-the SSE ductile shearing within the intermediate unit, interpreted as reflecting Mid-Late Cretaceous crustal thickening and nappe stacking. Late Cretaceous–Palaeocene/Eocene late-tectonic to post-tectonic granitoids that intruded into the intermediate unit between 70 and 53 Ma constrain at least pre-latest Late Cretaceous age for the crustal-stacking event. Subsequent extension-related deformation caused pervasive mylonitisation of the footwall, with top-to-the NNE ductile, then brittle shear. Ductile flow was dominated by non-coaxial deformation, indicated by quartz c-axis fabrics, but was nearly coaxial in the dome core. Latest events relate to brittle faulting that accommodated extension at shallow crustal levels on high-angle normal faults and additional movement along strike-slip faults. Radiometric and stratigraphic constraints bracket the ductile, then brittle, extensional events at the Kesebir–Kardamos dome between 55 and 35 Ma. Extension began in Paleocene–early Eocene time and displacement on the detachment led to unroofing of the intermediate unit, which supplied material for the syn-detachment deposits in supra-detachment basin. Subsequent cooling and exhumation of the footwall unit from beneath the detachment occurred between 42 and 37 Ma as indicated by mica cooling ages in footwall rocks, and extension proceeded at brittle levels with high-angle faulting constrained at 35 Ma by the age of hydrothermal adularia crystallized in open spaces created along the faults. This was followed by Late Eocene–Oligocene post-detachment overlap successions and volcanic activity. Crustal extension described herein is contemporaneous with the closure of the Vardar Ocean to the southwest. It has accommodated an earlier hinterland-directed unroofing of the Rhodope nappe complex, and may be pre-cursor of, and/or make a transition to the Aegean back-arc extension that further contributed to its exhumation during the Late Miocene. This study underlines the importance of crustal extension at the scale of the Rhodope massif, in particular, in the eastern Rhodope region, as it recognizes an early Tertiary extension that should be considered in future tectonic models of the Rhodope and north Aegean regions.  相似文献   

11.
INTRODUCTION Whatmechanismresultedinthespreadingof SouthChinaSeabasin(SCSB)?Wasitreallypro ducedbytheinteractionofperipheralplatesofthe SCSBorAilaoshan RedRiversinistralfault(Fig.1)? Figure1.AnoutlinetectonicmapofSouthChinablockandIndochinablock(modified…  相似文献   

12.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｈｉｇｈ－ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ（ＨＰ）ａｎｄｕｌｔｒａｈｉｇｈ－ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ（ＵＨＰ）ｍｅｔａｍｏｒｐｈｉｃｒｏｃｋｓｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍａｊｏｒｈｏｔｔｏｐｉｃｓｉｎｔｈｅｓｏｌｉｄｅａｒｔｈｓｃｉｅｎ...  相似文献   

13.
蔡志慧  何碧竹  刘若涵 《岩石学报》2020,36(10):3137-3151
帕米尔高原是受到印度-亚洲大陆碰撞、持续汇聚影响最显著的地区之一,以强烈地壳增厚和缩短、大量断裂和片麻岩穹窿的形成以及广泛的陆内岩浆活动为特征。以往有关帕米尔陆内岩浆岩的讨论多集中于对其地球化学成分及其所指示的构造背景的研究方面,而对岩浆形成与大型新生代构造之间的联系研究较少。本文通过对东北帕米尔塔什库尔干温泉地区新生代花岗岩及其围岩中锆石U-Pb和Ar-Ar年代学研究,结合该地区新生代构造变形分析,揭示岩浆侵入与区域构造变形之间的关系。U-Pb及Ar-Ar测年结果显示温泉地区花岗岩脉形成时代为中新世（11.8±0.2Ma）,其及其围岩在10.8±0.1Ma冷却到300℃左右;中新世花岗岩脉中继承锆石及围岩片岩中碎屑锆石U-Pb的年龄分布特征迥异,它们分别具有类似松潘-甘孜地体以及中帕米尔地体的物质来源。花岗岩内部几乎无变形,围岩片岩变形主要体现为近E-W向的伸展构造,反映其形成于拉张为主的构造应力环境。结合区域构造背景,推测温泉中新世花岗岩脉为公格尔山、慕士塔格峰构造单元岩石部分熔融产物,是在东北帕米尔地壳从挤压增厚向局部伸展转换的过程中形成的,此时,公格尔伸展断裂系可能已经开始发育;此后,直到6~4Ma,公格尔伸展断裂系开始快速运动,与之相伴公格尔-慕士塔格片麻岩穹窿快速折返。  相似文献   

14.
In France, the Devonian–Carboniferous Variscan orogeny developed at the expense of continental crust belonging to the northern margin of Gondwana. A Visean–Serpukhovian crustal melting has been recently documented in several massifs. However, in the Montagne Noire of the Variscan French Massif Central, which is the largest area involved in this partial melting episode, the age of migmatization was not clearly settled. Eleven U–Th–Pbtot. ages on monazite and three U–Pb ages on associated zircon are reported from migmatites (La Salvetat, Ourtigas), anatectic granitoids (Laouzas, Montalet) and post-migmatitic granites (Anglès, Vialais, Soulié) from the Montagne Noire Axial Zone are presented here for the first time. Migmatization and emplacement of anatectic granitoids took place around 333–326 Ma (Visean) and late granitoids emplaced around 325–318 Ma (Serpukhovian). Inherited zircons and monazite date the orthogneiss source rock of the Late Visean melts between 560 Ma and 480 Ma. In migmatites and anatectic granites, inherited crystals dominate the zircon populations. The migmatitization is the middle crust expression of a pervasive Visean crustal melting event also represented by the “Tufs anthracifères” volcanism in the northern Massif Central. This crustal melting is widespread in the French Variscan belt, though it is restricted to the upper plate of the collision belt. A mantle input appears as a likely mechanism to release the heat necessary to trigger the melting of the Variscan middle crust at a continental scale.  相似文献   

15.
40Ar---39Ar age determinations on samples selected on deformational criteria form the basis of a proposal of a new detailed tectonometamorphic history of the Montagne Noire (the southern part of the Massif Central, France).

This range is classically divided into a cover and an axial gneissic and migmatitic core which was metamorphosed under high T/medium P conditions. The basement is structurally overlain by epimetamorphic Paleozoic sediments in the north. In the south, equivalent rocks form a well-known pile of recumbent nappes. The Variscan history of this area comprises early shortening and thickening of the continental crust. The climax of this event took place around 320 Ma ago, as is shown by previous Rb---Sr data and by 40Ar---39Ar measurements. New developments in structural analyses have led to a better understanding of the late evolution of the area in terms of diapiric uplift of the core. South-southwestwards verging recumbent nappes have been emplaced and were weakly metamorphosed in their lower parts. This movement was accompanied and followed by dextral extensional wrenching of the Paleozoic cover along the northern and southern margins of the axial zone. Attendantly, ductile shear zones were formed.

In order to decipher the complex history, three structural levels have been dated with the 40Ar---39Ar method. These levels are: (1) The migmatitic and gneissic series in the axial core, where micas yield ages of c. 315 Ma; (2) Mylonites from the northern and southern shear zones where biotites and muscovites yield ages of c. 310 Ma; (3) Muscovites and biotites from the epimetamorphic nappe structures yielding ages of c. 297 Ma. The later ages may represent a younger thermal pulse. These data are compared and discussed in the light of previous radiometric studies of the area and precise biostratigraphic constraints. A detailed geodynamic evolution of the studied segment is proposed.  相似文献   


16.
This study provides new 40Ar/39Ar geochronological constraints on the age of the Alpine tectonics in the Aspromonte Massif (southern part of the Calabrian–Peloritan belt). This massif exposes the upper units of the Calabride Complex which originated from the European continental margin. The Calabride Complex was incorporated in the Alpine orogenic wedge and then integrated into the Apennines and Maghrebides fold-and-thrust belts. Throughout the Calabride Complex there is evidence for a two stage tectonic history, which remains however rather poorly dated: Alpine nappe stacking is followed by extensional reworking along the former thrust contacts or along new detachment surfaces. Our new ages suggest that exhumation of the uppermost units, which accompanied nappe stacking, probably started at 45 Ma and that the deepest units were almost completely exhumed at 33 Ma. This kinematics probably corresponds to syn-orogenic extension while the end of exhumation is clearly related to the extensional tectonics dated at 28.6 Ma along detachment structures.Our geochronological data reveal a very short lag time between accretional and extensional processes in this part of the Mediterranean Alpine orogenic belt. The direction of extension, when the units are restored to their initial position (i.e. before the opening of the Western Mediterranean basins and the bending of the arc) is NNE–SSW. Such a direction does not fit with the eastward slab-retreat model generally put forward to explain extension in the Western Mediterranean. In contrast, we provide evidence for roughly N–S middle Oligocene extension in the accretionary prism, not previously described in this part of the Mediterranean domain.  相似文献   

17.
The Erzgebirge dome consists of several superimposed composite tectonometamorphic units of medium- to high-grade metamorphic rocks from different crustal depths. These exhibit high pressure-high temperature and even ultrahigh-pressure imprints inherited from the root zone of a Variscan orogen and were exhumed almost immediately after attainment of maximum pressures at ～341 Ma. At present, the entire stack of tectonometamorphic units lies underneath an upper-crustal sequence of Paleozoic metasediments and tectonic slivers of pre-Carboniferous metamorphic rocks.

Shear zones active at different times and at different depths are preserved, mainly recording two successive stages of the exhumation history between 340 and 330 Ma. Tectonic transport during exhumation was remarkably constant in an E-W direction, swinging to NW-SE in the eastern part of the Erzgebirge parallel to a ductile transtensional zone (Elbe zone) that was concomitantly active. The various tectonometamorphic units have characteristically correlated, convergent P-T-t-d paths (both “cooling during decompression” and “heating during decompression”) that can be deduced from the dominant quartzofeldspathic rocks. These paths indicate successive exhumation of hotter rocks from increasingly deeper structural positions and juxtaposition against cooler rocks in higher positions, concomitant with the excision of intermediate crustal levels. We interpret this type of successive vertical telescoping of the metamorphic profile to be the result of extension of the thickened tectonometamorphic stack.

Extensional unroofing in the middle and upper crust was contemporaneous with and outlasted underthrusting and hence prograde metamorphism and deformation at deeper levels of the tectonometamorphic pile. Underthrusting is documented by a major inversion of the maximum pressure conditions in the lowermost units. However, structures related to compressional stacking now generally occur only as relics transposed by extensional deformation at lower pressure, or are restricted to rare small slivers with preserved prograde structures. Sedimentation of Lower Dinantian turbidites occurred along the flanks of the Erzgebirge dome during the exhumation process.

The extrusion of high-pressure rocks is interpreted to have been driven mainly by a major regional buoyancy instability caused by the delamination of the lithospheric mantle underneath the neighboring Bohemian Massif, which represented overthickened crust at least from the Devonian to the early Visean. Major controlling factors were boundary forces exerted by the thickened crustal bulge on the neighboring thin crustal segments in the north and east, effecting lateral extension of this orogenic wedge and extrusion-i.e., convective upward flow of gravitationally unstable crustal material.  相似文献   

18.
《Gondwana Research》2011,19(4):653-673
In France, the Devonian–Carboniferous Variscan orogeny developed at the expense of continental crust belonging to the northern margin of Gondwana. A Visean–Serpukhovian crustal melting has been recently documented in several massifs. However, in the Montagne Noire of the Variscan French Massif Central, which is the largest area involved in this partial melting episode, the age of migmatization was not clearly settled. Eleven U–Th–Pbtot. ages on monazite and three U–Pb ages on associated zircon are reported from migmatites (La Salvetat, Ourtigas), anatectic granitoids (Laouzas, Montalet) and post-migmatitic granites (Anglès, Vialais, Soulié) from the Montagne Noire Axial Zone are presented here for the first time. Migmatization and emplacement of anatectic granitoids took place around 333–326 Ma (Visean) and late granitoids emplaced around 325–318 Ma (Serpukhovian). Inherited zircons and monazite date the orthogneiss source rock of the Late Visean melts between 560 Ma and 480 Ma. In migmatites and anatectic granites, inherited crystals dominate the zircon populations. The migmatitization is the middle crust expression of a pervasive Visean crustal melting event also represented by the “Tufs anthracifères” volcanism in the northern Massif Central. This crustal melting is widespread in the French Variscan belt, though it is restricted to the upper plate of the collision belt. A mantle input appears as a likely mechanism to release the heat necessary to trigger the melting of the Variscan middle crust at a continental scale.  相似文献   

19.
为了解富锦隆起的构造演化,研究了佳木斯地块东北部富锦隆起地区一套含砾粗砂岩-石英砂与花岗片麻岩不整合面。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学结果表明,花岗片麻岩的加权平均年龄为495±5 Ma,石英砂岩中的碎屑锆石年龄均480 Ma,其中以480~520 Ma的年龄组为主体,并含有少量年龄800 Ma的锆石。角度不整合及年代学证据充分表明,富锦隆起是佳木斯地块的组成部分。鉴于佳木斯地块缺失奥陶纪—志留纪沉积,推测这套含砾粗砂岩-石英砂岩的形成时代为泥盆纪。结合区域资料,认为佳木斯地块的变质结晶基底形成后,经历了长期的隆升剥蚀,到早泥盆世,其东部整体转为被动大陆边缘。  相似文献   

20.
特提斯喜马拉雅错那洞穹隆的岩石组合、构造特征与成因   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
目前关于新近发现的错那洞穹隆的精细构造、岩石组成、变质变形运动学特征等方面均不清楚,严重阻碍了其演化历程的还原以及成穹与成矿耦合关系的解剖工作.在详实的野外地质调查基础上,补充采集了穹隆中新发现的岩浆岩进行年代学研究.结果表明,错那洞穹隆由上（边部）-中（幔部）-下（核部）3个构造层组成,分别以上、下拆离断层为分界线.核部岩石组合主要为片麻岩、淡色花岗岩以及少量深熔混合岩,可见大量伟晶岩脉穿插;幔部为古生界,岩石组合为一套强变质变形片岩夹碳酸盐岩,从内至外具有蓝晶石+十字石+石榴石+黑云母的蓝晶石带→十字石+石榴石+黑云母的十字石带→石榴石+堇青石+黑云母的石榴石带→绿泥石+黑云母的绿泥石带的巴罗式变质分带特征;边部主要为三叠纪-侏罗纪浅变质沉积岩系,岩石组合为一套砂板岩及少量千枚岩.穹隆内从早至晚经历了南北向逆冲推覆、南北向伸展、东西向伸展3期次的构造运动,穹隆的形成主要与南北向伸展作用有关.穹隆中岩浆活动从早至晚可见有早古生代片麻岩（约500 Ma）、中生代辉绿岩（140 Ma）、渐新世变形二云母花岗岩/伟晶岩（26 Ma）、中新世弱定向二云母花岗岩（18 Ma）、含石榴石电气石花岗岩（16.8~15.9 Ma）5期.综合研究表明,错那洞穹隆的形成是早期伸展拆离核杂岩叠加晚期岩浆底劈热穹隆综合作用的结果,成穹构造的初始阶段与始新世-渐新世藏南拆离系（STDS）的运动密切相关.   相似文献   

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