共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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济阳坳陷油田卤水溶解金属元素的初步实验研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文用模拟实验方法研究了不同水型的油田卤水在低温（40－150℃）条件下对金、银等金属元素的溶解和迁移作用，以及不同络阴离了对金属元素溶解迁移的贡献。结果表明，油田卤水促进了含油气盆地中Au、Ag、Pb、Zn元素的淋滤、溶解和迁移，起到了成矿流体的作用，从而积极参与了沉积改造矿床的成矿作用。CaCl2型油田卤水易溶解Pb、Zn，而NaHCO3型油田卤水溶解Au、Ag的能力较强。在油田卤水中HS^-及SO4^2-离子对Au、Ag元素的络合能力强，而乙酸根离子及HS^-(或S^2-）易络合Pb、Zn元素。 相似文献
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几种有机质对岩石中金的淋滤、萃取及还原作用的实验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用实验方法研究了25～200℃区间内含有机酸、有机酸盐的水溶液及含石油水溶液对岩石中Au的淋滤萃取能力,以及沥青、干酪根对水溶液中Au~(3+)的还原作用。结果说明,大部分含有机质水溶液对Au的淋滤作用超过单纯的无机盐卤水,石油中Au浓度达到水溶液之中金浓度的4000倍,含石油水溶液可把岩石中90％的金淋滤出来。沥青、干酪根对Au~(3+)有强烈地还原能力,其中沥青还原Au~(3+)的活化能E接近一个恒定值(12.4kcal·mol~(-1)),与沥青的热演化程度关系不大。 相似文献
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对成矿溶液性质的认识是成矿理论和成矿预测的基础。本文用云南腾冲热泉水、勐野并钾盐卤水、青岛海洋水、贵州赤天化含油气水、贵阳雨水以及从贵阳森林公园腐殖土中提取的含腐植酸的水溶液，和自配的pH＝1．0的含氯酸性水，对西南地区不同岩性的四种矿源岩样进行了加温浸泡溶解实验。另外还利用表生风化淋滤模拟实验装置对该四种矿源岩样进行了三种不同大气雨水的风化淋滤模拟实验。实验结果表明酸雨和酸性水最容易形成高含量的成矿溶液；含腐植酸的水有时对多种金属也能形成较高含量的合矿溶液。但现代雨水、腾冲火山热泉水、勐野井钾盐卤水、青岛海洋水、贵州赤天化含油气水等近中性和偏碱性的表生水对Fe、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn、等常量金属元素几乎不能形成高含量的合矿溶液；当溶液中存在强络合剂时，可能对某些贵金属和稀有、分散元素的搬运和成矿具有较重要意义。 相似文献
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有机质在层控铅锌矿床中作用的实验研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
有机质在层控铅锌矿床中的作用已受到普遍重视。本文的实验研究内容和主要研究成果包括如下三个方面:1.Cu2+，Pb2+，Zn2+在共存的水相和油相中分配系数与温度和溶液成分关系的实验研究，证明在酸性条件下Cu，Pb，Zn元素95%以上趋向于在水溶液中，而在弱碱性条件下这些元素有强烈的在油相中富集的趋向，表现出典型的卟啉化合物的特征；2.矿物在油田卤水和相同盐度的Cacl－Nacl溶液中溶解度的对比实验研究，讨论了金属元素在油田卤水中的无机络合作用和有机络合作用之间的竞争能力；3.在人工组合双源层和温度压力同时作用的压力机条件下，进行了油气生成和运移过程对Pb，Zn元素活化迁移的实验研究，实验证明，新生成原油（氯仿沥青Ａ）中获得了Zn的52-769μg/g的高丰度，其中经过初次运移的原油往往含有更高含量的金属元素。因此，有理由认为在一定的成熟度范围内原油相可能是Pb，Zn等多金属元素迁移富集的重要载体和成矿流体的重要组成部分。 相似文献
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在岩溶及其伴生的成矿作用发生的同时,来自溶解岩石中被分离出的有机质、地表水携带的陆生植物及由含矿卤水自深部或它地搬运的有机化合物与其它岩溶液填物一起沉积于岩溶洞穴中.根据它们的不同来源及受到岩溶成矿的影响程度,可区别出改造型、继承型、搬迁型、原生型有机质.由于有机质的热稳定性低,因此能较好地反映岩溶的性质、演变过程及其中成矿的特点.研究岩溶型铅锌矿床中有机质的类型、变化、分布规律,有助于矿床成因研究,指导找矿. 相似文献
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柠檬酸对岩石中铜的淋滤作用张海祥，王玉荣（中国科学院广州地球化学研究所．广州５１０６４０）张言（冶金部天津地质研究院．天津３０００６１）关键词铜，低温实验，淋滤实验，柠檬酸有关低温条件下有机质和微生物在成岩成矿过程中的作用已日益引起人们的注意。由于表... 相似文献
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绿岩中金淋滤作用的实验研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在200—550℃和60MPa条件下,以氯化物溶液对绿岩中金进行了淋滤实验,部分实验控制了氧逸度。实验结果显示,金的淋滤率与温度、溶液成分、酸碱度及氧逸度有关。在氧化和酸性溶液的实验中,淋滤率达50％以上。已查明金的淋滤作用受岩石中金溶解形成氯络合物的反应制约。因此,笔者认为花岗岩浆活动派生的酸性氯化物溶液话化迁移了绿岩中的金并富集成矿。 相似文献
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Paul J. Lechler Jerry R. Miller Liang-Chi Hsu Mario O. Desilets 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1997,58(2-3)
The Carson River Superfund Site in west-central Nevada is an area of Hg-contaminated soil, sediment, water, air, and biola resulting from the amalgamation milling of Ag-Au ores of the Comstock lode worked approximately a century ago. In order to develop an understanding of the behavior, transport, and fate of Hg at this site, a technique was developed to estimate the proportions of total, elemental, exchangeable, organic, and sulfide Hg in soils, sediments, and tailings.Results of this analysis performed on active Carson River sediments indicate that Hg is selectively dissolved out of Hg-Au amalgam particles and subsequently adsorbed to fine-grained sediments which are then deposited in downstream, low-energy reaches of the Carson River and Labontan Reservoir. In the relatively more-reducing environment of the reservoir Hg appears to be converted, in large part, to relatively-insoluble HgS.The original elemental form of Hg released to the environment is the chemical form which is still dominant in most highly-contaminated soils, sediments, and tailings. Deeper, more-reducing soil horizons, however, appear to fix a significant portion of the Hg as HgS, analogous to the Lahontan Reservoir example described above. This fixation as HgS is documented to be largely limited to higher-sulfur areas where sulfide minerals from the Comstock ores increase the total sulfur concentrations of contaminated soils, sediments, and tailings. 相似文献
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巴什布拉克铀矿床位于新疆喀什凹陷北西部一套陆相碎屑沉积岩中。野外调查发现,伴随铀矿化发育大量地沥青、油气残留物。本文对采自巴什布拉克铀矿床的地沥青含矿砂岩矿石进行了流体包裹体测试和有机地球化学分析,以确定成矿流体的温度和盐度以及成矿物理化学背景,追索有机质的来源,进而探讨矿床成因。镜下观测发现,含矿砂岩中含有大量的油气包裹体,其中以液烃包裹体为主,含有少量气液烃包裹体和含烃盐水包裹体。流体包裹体测温结果表明,成矿流体均一温度为71~193℃,盐度为0.71~23.05(wt%NaCl),整体上属于低温低盐度的成矿流体。同时求得巴什布拉克铀矿成矿压力为77.90~211.75(105Pa),成矿深度在0.26~0.71 km。有机地球化学分析表明,矿区有机质的氯仿沥青"A"变化不大,为0.0019%~0.0026%,有机质来源以海相藻类为主。样品的OEP(奇偶优势指数)为0.72~0.84,平均为0.78,显示了有机质高成熟的特征;CPI(碳优势指数)为1.16~1.35,平均为1.25,指示热演化程度较高;Pr/Ph(姥鲛烷/植烷)为0.77~1.01,平均为0.89,说明有机质处在还原环境中。结合野外地质特征,认为巴什布拉克铀矿床为油气还原成因,沿断裂和岩石孔隙上升的油气的还原作用是铀成矿的主要因素。 相似文献
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浙江省北部地区调查研究表明,受成土母质来源、土壤类型及其理化性质等因素的影响,土壤元素全量、有效量及其有效度表现为:1)低山丘陵岗地土壤中As,Cd,Mo,Pb和Se全量较高,As,Cd,Fe,Pb,Se和Zn有效量较高;而山前平原区土壤中Hg,Pb和Zn元素全量较高,由地表向深部的下降递度较小,显示为原始沉积成因特点。2)中酸性、富含有机质的红壤和水稻土中As,Cd,Cu,Fe,Mn,Pb,Se,Zn等元素有效度较高,水稻土Hg有效度最低;弱碱性或碱性、贫有机质的潮土和滨海盐砂土中As,Cd,Cu,Fe,Mn,Pb,Se,Zn等元素有效量较低,但B有效量及有效度均较高。3)统计分析表明,土壤中Mn,Cu,Zn,Mo,Cd,Pb,Se等元素全量与有效量间具显著正相关性,表明全量是有效量的重要影响控制因素;有机质含量与Fe,Cu,Zn,Cd,As和Pb有效度间为显著正相关,说明有机质较高有利于土壤元素活化;Fe,Cu,Zn,Cd,As,Pb和Se有效度与pH值为显著负相关,表明土壤酸性增强(酸化)会增加这类元素的生物有效性。 相似文献
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土壤重金属元素地球化学行为是目前国内外研究的热点。研究显示重金属元素地球化学行为与土壤理化性质有密切关系。本文选择河北平原农田为研究区,采集了325个根系土样品,测定了Pb、Hg有效态含量,并探讨了影响其地球化学行为的主要因素。研究表明:(1)Pb、Hg水溶态和离子交换态与土壤p H值呈显著负相关关系,土壤酸化使Pb、Hg有效性增加,直接导致农作物中Pb、Hg含量增加,保持土壤p H值在弱酸性至弱碱性范围,防止土壤酸化,可以降低重金属危害。(2)土壤中有机质含量与Pb、Hg全量呈显著的正相关性,但与水溶态和离子交换态呈负相关。所以土壤中有机质的增加可以降低Pb、Hg元素水溶态和离子交换态含量。(3)随着土壤黏粒的增加,Pb、Hg水溶态和离子交换态含量降低,说明黏粒可以吸附一定量的重金属离子,与重金属元素Pb、Hg地球化学行为存在一定关系。土壤p H值、有机质、黏粒是控制重金属元素Pb、Hg地球化学行为的重要因素。 相似文献
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Zhemin Shen Jianda Zhang Liya Qu Zeqin Dong Shenshen Zheng Wenhua Wang 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(6):1399-1407
Wanshan mercury mine is the largest cinnabar deposit in Guizhou, China. Few effective methods had been achieved to remedy
Hg heavily contaminated field soils. In this paper, a modified EK method with approaching cathodes (AC-EK) and an I−/I2 lixiviant was described to remedy mercury-contaminated field soils near Wanshan mercury mine. Paddy Soil I and Paddy Soil
II were sampled and contained 576.73 ± 45.50 and 491.35 ± 4.73 mg/kg Hg, respectively. Although they contained 6.9 and 9.4%
organic matter respectively, more than 92 and 89% Hg were removed by AC-EK within 5 days. Removal ratio increased by 0.21
and 0.68 times using EK process with ACs over that with one single cathode (SC-EK). AC-EK method saved nearly 26.4–28.1% electric
power as compared to SC-EK method. As an I−/I2 lixiviant solution was used to solubilize HgS(HgO) during EK process, the bonding of Hg to organic functional S groups should
be less important than the binding to inner sites of organic matter in soil. The relationship between EK remediation effect
and soil organic matter content was fitted to a linear model. It turned out that when soil OM increased by 1.0%, EK removal
ratio (%) of Hg would decrease by 2.63%. 相似文献
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Yousif K. Kharaka Evangelos Kakouros James J. Thordsen Gil Ambats Marvin M. Abbott 《Applied Geochemistry》2007
For the last 5 a, the authors have been investigating the transport, fate, natural attenuation and ecosystem impacts of inorganic and organic compounds in releases of produced water and associated hydrocarbons at the Osage-Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research (OSPER) “A” and “B” sites, located in NE Oklahoma. Approximately 1.0 ha of land at OSPER “B”, located within the active Branstetter lease, is visibly affected by salt scarring, tree kills, soil salinization, and brine and petroleum contamination. Site “B” includes an active production tank battery and adjacent large brine pit, two injection well sites, one with an adjacent small pit, and an abandoned brine pit and tank battery site. Oil production in this lease started in 1938, and currently there are 10 wells that produce 0.2–0.5 m3/d (1–3 bbl/d) oil, and 8–16 m3/d (50–100 bbl/d) brine. Geochemical data from nearby oil wells show that the produced water source is a Na–Ca–Cl brine (∼150,000 mg/L TDS), with high Mg, but low SO4 and dissolved organic concentrations. Groundwater impacts are being investigated by detailed chemical analyses of water from repeated sampling of 41 boreholes, 1–71 m deep. The most important results at OSPER “B” are: (1) significant amounts of produced water from the two active brine pits percolate into the surficial rocks and flow towards the adjacent Skiatook reservoir, but only minor amounts of liquid petroleum leave the brine pits; (2) produced-water brine and minor dissolved organics have penetrated the thick (3–7 m) shale and siltstone units resulting in the formation of three interconnected plumes of high-salinity water (5000–30,000 mg/L TDS) that extend towards the Skiatook reservoir from the two active and one abandoned brine pits; and (3) groundwater from the deep section of only one well, BR-01 located 330 m upslope and west of the site, appear not to be impacted by petroleum operations. 相似文献
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湖相富有机质泥质白云岩生排烃模拟及其对页岩油勘探的启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
富有机质湖相白云质泥岩、泥质白云岩及其贫有机质粉砂岩、白云岩夹层是我国陆相盆地页岩油勘探的重要领域,但目前针对湖相富有机质白云质泥岩或泥质白云岩在近地质条件下的生排烃一体化模拟研究尚属空白.以典型低熟富有机质泥质白云岩为例,开展了近地质条件下的生排烃一体化模拟实验,揭示了其呈现四阶段生排烃演化模式.结果表明,Ro ≤ 0.74%时为缓慢生油伴生烃气、排油能力有限阶段,0.74% < Ro ≤ 0.84%时为快速生油伴生烃气、排油能力逐渐增高阶段,0.84% < Ro ≤ 1.28%≈1.30%时为生烃气伴生油与油初始裂解、高效排油阶段,1.30% < Ro ≤ 2.00%时为油裂解烃气兼干酪根生烃气阶段;同时,Ro < 0.68%时滞留油主要以有机质吸附态赋存,而0.68% ≤ Ro ≤ 2.00%时滞留油主要以游离态赋存于矿物基质微-纳米级孔缝系统内.综合分析提出湖相泥质白云岩烃源层系有利页岩油勘探的成熟度范围为0.84%~1.30%. 相似文献