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地震快速评估可以在地震发生后一段时间内的"黑箱期"快速获得地震灾情信息.设计并实现一套基于数字地球科学平台的地震应急灾害快速评估系统.该系统采用插件化开发模式,在三维场景可视化及交互式图形界面技术的基础上,引入空间分析、灾情简报快速产出及辅助决策等功能实现系统自动化运行,并在结果产出速度上满足地震应急的时效性要求.通过系统总体架构设计、系统功能设计以及地震灾情快速评估业务流程设计等方面阐述了地震灾情快速评估系统的实现,为灾情评估三维可视化提供了支持,以更好地服务于地震灾情损失评估. 相似文献
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《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(7)
震害预评估是地震应急响应与辅助决策的重要依据,可靠的灾害预评估结果对提高地震应急能力、加快震后应急响应速度具有十分重要的作用。本文针对辽宁省地理特征,结合地震动衰减分区关系、历史地震资料统计回归分析,确定辽宁省地震影响场的评估参数,建立有关中强地震影响范围的震害预评估分析模型,并利用VS.NET、Windows控件及ArcGIS Engine设计GIS专项应用平台,实现地震灾害等级、人口、建筑物、道路受损预评估及应急专题图的快速生成,实现辅助决策功能,为制订震害应急方案提供分析数据。 相似文献
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地震、洪水等灾害发生后,政府将启动应急响应机制,而测绘部门提供的专题地图是政府宏观决策的重要依据和现场指挥的基础图件。测绘部门越早提供专题地图,对政府部门的决策帮助越大。那么如何在应急事件发生第一时间提供专题地图?笔者对此进行了测绘应急快速出图系统研究,并总结了快速出图的思路和方法。 相似文献
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为了解决在地震应急阶段快速得到地震危害分布和损毁评估结果的问题,采用组件式GIS开发平台Su-perMap Object6开发了临汾市地震灾情评估系统。该系统为地震模拟提供了一个可视化平台,通过该平台可以快速对灾情进行评估,为临汾市的抗震减灾提供了决策分析的依据。研究表明,将GIS技术引入地震灾情评估中,便于地震数据的输入、查询、管理和分析,对地震灾害分析和灾害损失评估有重要意义。 相似文献
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广东省国土资源应急指挥系统是以基础地理空间信息、土地利用信息、矿产资源信息等国土资源信息为基础,综合运用网络、数据库和地理信息系统技术构建的面向国土资源应急指挥平台,目的是为省政府领导全面、及时和准确地提供紧急事件发生地有关国土资源方面的信息,并根据相关模型库、知识库和方法库做出辅助决策方案,从而作为政府面对紧急事件进行快速响应、准确反馈的重要依据之一,提高整个国土部门应对突发事件的效率和决策水平。本文主要介绍了该系统的设计思路和功能特点。 相似文献
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采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的
污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体
污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。 相似文献
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Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
C. Bhuiyan R.P. Singh F.N. Kogan 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2006,8(4):289-302
The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw. 相似文献
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Piyoosh Rautela Ramesh Chandra Lakhera 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2000,2(3-4)
The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies. 相似文献
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ZHAN F. Benjamin 《地球空间信息科学学报》2011,(1)
Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200... 相似文献
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GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议. 相似文献
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自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。 相似文献
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“4D”技术及其应用 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(1):66-87
Abstract Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised. 相似文献