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1.
珠江三角洲经济区河水中微量元素的空间分布 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在珠江三角洲经济区采集了29个河水样品,利用高分辨率仪器ICP MS测量了河水中微量元素的含量。结果表明,河水中稀土元素的平均含量按西江、北江、珠三角河、深圳河、东江的顺序呈增加趋势;珠三角河及深圳河具有较高重金属含量,西江和北江中重金属含量相对较低,东江居中。经分析发现,珠江三角洲经济区河水中微量元素的空间分布特征是自然条件和人类活动共同作用的结果;自然环境对稀土元素的空间分布起主要作用;人类活动是影响重金属分布特征不可忽视的重要因素。 相似文献
2.
2005年中国地质调查局与广东省人民政府联合开展珠江三角洲经济区农业地质与生态地球化学调查项目。通过开展多目标区域地球化学调查、区域生态地球化学评价、局部生态地球化学评价和总体综合评价,系统完成了珠江三角洲经济区47 954 km2(包括10 m水深以浅的近岸海域)的生态地球化学调查与评价。按照双层网格化方法系统采集了陆域土壤、近岸海域和珠江水系主要河流沉积物表层和深层样品,测试了71项元素和指标,建立了珠江三角洲经济区土壤、沉积物地球化学背景值和基准值,全面查明了珠江三角洲经济区土壤环境质量状况。定量计算了镉、铅、汞等主要异常元素经河流、成土过程等自然来源和大气干湿沉降、施肥、灌溉、使用农药等人为来源贡献量,阐明了其迁移转化途径及生态安全性。项目紧密结合本地区特点,在国内首次开展了三角洲形成演化过程地球化学研究、区域辐射环境质量评价、酸雨对土壤质量影响的模拟实验、土壤环境质量地方标准研究与制订等工作。 相似文献
3.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(9-10):1251-1259
Sediment samples were taken along the West, North, and East rivers of the Pearl River system at 28 locations in 1998, and a total of 49 elements were determined by ICP–AES, ICP–MS and INAA. The probability features of the datasets were studied, and the average concentrations of these elements in sediments of the three rivers were calculated. Significant differences in element concentrations among the three rivers were observed and the results were confirmed by statistical tests including analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal–Wallis test, and t-test. Spatial distribution maps of element concentrations were produced using a geographical information system (GIS). The immobile trace elements (such as Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) are enriched in the West River where limestone dominates the rock types in the watershed. Because of the strong weathering, immobile trace elements are enriched and reside in secondary minerals of the weathering products. All three rivers have high concentrations of rare earth elements (REEs) because of strong weathering, but relatively higher concentrations of REEs are observed in sediments of the East River where granite dominates the rock type. Granite contains high concentrations of REEs and the sediments have inherited this feature from their bedrock. Alkaline element (Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs) concentrations are elevated in sediments of the East River, these may reside in granitic primary minerals. Relatively high concentrations of alkaline earth elements (Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) are observed in the West River, inherited from the limestone bedrock. High Pb and Bi concentrations are found in the North River and are caused by Pb mineralization and the discharge of a smelter in the upper reaches of the river. However, statistical tests did not indicate a significant difference between Pb concentrations in the North River and the other two rivers, which suggests that statistical results should be carefully used and explained. 相似文献
4.
珠江三角洲经济区生态地球化学评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土壤重金属污染是珠江三角洲地区主要的生态环境问题之一,直接影响到区域生态系统的稳定和食品安全。通过开展多目标区域地球化学调查、区域生态地球化学评价、局部生态地球化学评价和总体综合评价,系统完成了珠江三角洲经济区47954 km2(包括10 m水深以浅的近岸海域)的生态地球化学调查与评价。按照双层网格化方法系统采集了陆域土壤、近岸海域和珠江水系的主要河流沉积物表层和深层样品,测试了71项元素和指标,建立了珠江三角洲经济区土壤、沉积物地球化学背景值和基准值,首次对珠江三角洲地区区域地球化学特征进行了系统全面的调查,全面查明了珠江三角洲经济区土壤环境质量状况,区内一级和二级土壤分别占总面积的19.9%和57.3%,三级和三级以上土壤占22.8%。定量计算了镉、铅、汞等主要异常元素经河流、成土过程等自然来源和大气干湿沉降、施肥、灌溉、使用农药等人为来源贡献量,阐明了其迁移转化途径及生态安全性。结合研究区特点,系统开展了三角洲形成演化过程的地球化学研究,并在国内首次制定了符合地区特点的珠江三角洲经济区土壤环境质量地方标准。 相似文献
5.
文章论述了珠江三角洲河网的发育、演变过程和整治方案。由于人类活动影响,珠江三角洲河网区西、北两江下游放射状河系支汊淤断及消亡,使西、北两江正干均成为单一水道;在两江汇流区内又受绥江三角洲南展而分离开来,只留一条狭窄的小河涌(思贤)连接;由于北江正干的淤积、西江正干刷深,使古代(唐代以前)西江合北江同流向东流入番禺(广州)的形势大变,形成江水反向西流入西江,西江水不能过入广州。由此,西、北两江合成的珠江三角洲主体网河区成为浅水狭窄的小河区,以往主要干流多不复存在,生态环境日益变劣。因此,需要修复河网。关键是把西江大量优质水源(沙少、污染少)引回,过入珠江三角洲网河区,北江水源也需截流使其不再西流入西江;开通北江大堤沿途防西水的闸门(如芦苞、西南、沙口等闸),以便通水通航;在思贤建立新型分水闸,可将西、北两江正干水源恢复到良好生态环境 相似文献
6.
影响珠江三角洲可持续城市化发展的若干环境地质问题 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
珠江三角洲经济区城市化进程迅猛。环境地质问题是快速城市化进程的“副产物”、泛都市化趋势下人一地一生相互关系失调的反映。对可持续城市化进程具有广泛影响的主要环境地质问题有软土区地面形变,海岸异常变迁衍生的港口、河道、口门淤积和城市洪涝,水土污染,水质性缺水,构造稳定性和隐伏岩溶塌陷,按成因类型可分为原生为主型、次生为主型、原生与次生结合型3类环境地质问题。可持续城市化的关键之一在于科学利用环境资源,降低环境地质问题的风险。鉴于城市化决策和实践忽视城市地学工作成果的应用和城市地学工作系统性不足,建议尽快系统地开展以环境地质为主体的城市地学工作。 相似文献
7.
估算水系沉积物的地球化学背景值和识别其异常对人为污染判别与环境风险评估非常重要。采集并分析了珠江58件水系沉积物样品,经分析检验,Al、Fe和Sc被选作参考元素,并对比了确定地球化学背景及识别异常值的方法。其中,基于最小截断二乘法的回归分析是定义地球化学背景的有效方法,它是一种对异常值不敏感的稳健统计方法,而基于局部富集因子的箱线图和回归诊断图更适用于识别异常值。珠江不同河段重金属污染存在差异,北江和河网区主要受As、Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn污染,东江主要受Cu、Cr和Ni污染,而西江几乎不存在重金属污染。水系沉积物的主要污染类型是点源污染,主要污染来源是采矿和电镀等相关的工业活动。 相似文献
8.
Trace element chemistry of major rivers in Orissa State, India 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
K. O. Konhauser M. A. Powell W. S. Fyfe F. J. Longstaffe S. Tripathy 《Environmental Geology》1997,29(1-2):132-141
Geochemical analyses of surface waters from rivers flowing through Orissa State, India, indicated that trace element concentrations
were extremely variable and consistently higher than world river average. The Brahmani River was the most solute-rich river
studied, followed by the Baitarani and Mahanadi Rivers. Although all three rivers drain similar geology, the Brahmani River
catchment is heavily industrialized, and water samples collected upstream and downstream from industries indicated that anthropogenic
activity directly influenced its chemical composition. Samples collected from several towns, in all three river systems, did
not invariably show similar patterns, with various elements having higher dissolved concentrations upstream. Because the concentration
of total solids increased downstream, this implied that some components of the sewage had effectively sequestered available
elements from solution and converted them to particulate material. Although the impact of pollution is clearly recognizable
in water samples collected in proximity to the anthropogenic source, there are only slight elemental accumulations in the
lower reaches of the Mahanadi River, with no accumulation in the Brahmani River. Apparently for these large rivers, discharged
effluent becomes rapidly diluted, while complexation and sedimentation further removes trace elements from the water column.
However, in the less voluminous Baitarani River, elementar enrichment near the river's mouth suggests that in this secondary
river, where dilution effects are less, the concerns over regional water quality may be more prevalent.
Received: 1 April 1995 · Accepted: 30 August 1995 相似文献
9.
Dissolved rare earth elements in river waters draining karst terrains in Guizhou Province,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Winter seasonal concentrations of dissolved rare earth elements (REE) of two major river systems (the Wujiang River system
and the Yuanjiang River system) in karst-dominated regions in winter were measured by using a method involving solvent extraction
and back-extraction and subsequent ICP-MS measurements. The dissolved REE concentrations in the rivers and their tributaries
are lower than those in most of the large rivers in the world. High pH and high cation (i.e., Na+ + Ca2+) concentrations of the rivers are the most important factors controlling the concentrations of dissolved REE in the river
water.
The dissolved load (<0.22 μm) REE distribution patterns of high-pH river waters are very different from those of low-pH river
waters. The shale (PAAS)-normalized REE patterns for the dissolved loads are characterized by light REE-enrichment and heavy
REE-enrichment. Water in the upper reaches of the Wujiang River generally shows light REE-enriched patterns, while that in
the middle and lower reaches generally shows heavy REE-enriched patterns. The Yuanjiang River is heavy REE enriched with respect
to the light REE in the same samples. Water of the Wuyanghe River draining dolomite-dominated terrains has the highest heavy
REE-enrichment. Most river water samples show the shale-normalized REE patterns with negative Ce and Eu anomalies, especially
water from Wuyanghe River. Y/Ho ratios show that the water/particle interaction might have played an important role in fractionation
between HREE and LREE. 相似文献
10.
Regional Ecological Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals in Pearl River Delta Economic Zone Based on Different Land Uses 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on the results of regional eco-geochemical survey in Pearl River Delta Economic Zone and the local land use patterns, two conventional risk assessment models are introduced to evaluate the ecological risk of eight heavy metals in the topsoil (0~20 cm) of Pearl River Delta. The spatial distribution characteristics of risk caused by metals in the region were characterized by GIS. Results show that As、Cd、Cu and Hg in the topsoil are the primary heavy metals posing risk to the Pearl River Delta while Cr and Zn are negligible. Meanwhile, 23.89% of soil samples have a hazard index of more than 1 which suggests that it is likely to cause chronic diseases in the region. The soils with high hazard index are mainly distributed in the Quaternary area. 37.22% of soil samples have a negligible chronic risk level, of which the spatial distribution is consistent with granite area. Moreover, the spatial distribution of carcinogenic risk is similar to chronic risk, where 25.68% of samples exceed the cancer risk index (1×10-4) recommended by USEPA. Furthermore, the evaluation results presented at administrative units indicate that there are both higher chronic and cancer risk in Panyu and Nansha district where more attentions should be paid to. 相似文献
11.
珠江口表层沉积物的重矿物分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文研究了珠江口表层沉积物中约200个样品的矿物,着重分析重矿物的组合、含量变化,形态特征等,把珠江口重矿物的平面分布划为五个重矿物区。指出珠江口为现代陆源物质充填的河口湾,沉积环境控制了重矿物的特征、分布及分区,重矿物沉积过程的规律性,可供寻找地质时期和现代的浅海(古滨海)砂矿借鉴。 相似文献
12.
分析珠江三角洲腹地佛山顺德区208个蔬菜地表层土样Cu、Ni、Cr、As、Pb、Zn、Cd和Hg等8种重金属的全量,结果表明,8种重金属的平均浓度高于广东省土壤背景值。Cd和Hg的最高浓度和变异系数分别为6.54mg/kg、115%和4.82mg/kg、151%,暗示Cd和Hg的人为来源。多元统计与傅立叶和谱分析的结合,解释了Cr、Ni和Cu的自然来源,Pb、Zn、As、Cd和Hg的人为来源;傅立叶和谱分析进一步阐释了Zn与Cu的双重来源,并推断土壤Hg来源于大气沉降。研究区内大约21.7%的土壤受重金属污染,表明需要调整该区的农业生产活动。 相似文献
13.
鼎湖山自然保护区大气气溶胶中的PAHs 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
多环芳烃（PAHs)是环境中分布广泛、危害人类健康的有机化合物，通过对鼎湖山自然保护区自然地理和大气气溶胶中苯并（a)芘分析认为，春季样品中大气气溶胶中PAHs主要来源于高等植物排放，夏季来源于珠江三角洲经济区化石燃烧排放。 相似文献
14.
Y. Vystavna F. Huneau J. Schäfer M. Motelica-Heino G. Blanc A. Larrose Y. Vergeles D. Diadin P. Le Coustumer 《Applied Geochemistry》2012
This paper reports on the aquatic chemistry of trace elements in terms of spatial and temporal distribution, but also pollution sources in the transboundary watershed of the Seversky Donets River (Ukraine/Russia). Bed sediments and filtered water were collected from the Udy and Lopan Rivers at sites from the river source in the Belgorod region (Russia) to rural and urban areas in the Kharkiv region (Ukraine) in May and August 2009. Priority trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn), an urban tracer (Ag) and additional metals (Co, Mo, V) and Th were measured in stream water and sediments. The low levels and variability of Th-normalized concentrations indicated the absence of geochemical anomalies in the upstream part of the rivers and suggested that these data represent a regional baseline for trace elements in bed sediments. In contrast, water and sediments within the city of Kharkiv were contaminated by Ag, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr and Zn, which are mainly attributed to municipal wastewater inputs and urban run-off. Results of the environmental quality assessment showed that element concentrations in the sediments can be considered as potentially toxic to aquatic organisms in sites downstream of the wastewater discharges. 相似文献
15.
River waters play a significant role in supplying naturally- and anthropogenically-derived materials to Lake Qinghai, northeastern Tibetan Plateau. To define the sources and controlling processes for river water chemistry within the Lake Qinghai catchment, high precision ICP-MS trace element concentrations were measured in water samples collected from the Buha River weekly in 2007, and from other major rivers in the post-monsoon (late October 2006) and monsoon (late July 2007) seasons. The distributions of trace elements vary in time and space with distinct seasonal patterns. The primary flux in the Buha River is higher TDS and dissolved Al, B, Cr, Li, Mo, Rb, Sr and U during springtime than those during other seasons and is attributed to the inputs derived from both rock weathering and atmospheric processes. Among these elements, the fluxes of dissolved Cr, B and Rb are strongly influenced by eolian dust input. The fluxes of dissolved Li, Mo, Sr and U are also influenced by weathering processes, reflecting the sensitivity of chemical weathering to monsoon conditions. The anthropogenic sources appear to be the dominant contribution to potentially harmful metals (Ni, Cu, Co, Zn and Pb), with high fluxes at onset of the main discharge pulses due, at least partially, to a runoff washout effect. For other major rivers, except for Ba, concentrations of trace elements are higher in the monsoon than in the post-monsoon season. A total of 38.5 ± 3.1 tons of potentially harmful elements are transported into the lake annually, despite human activities within the catchment being limited. Nearly all river water samples contain dissolved trace elements below the World Health Organization guidelines for drinking water, with the exception of As and B in the Daotang River water samples collected in late July probably mobilized from underlying lacustrine sediments. 相似文献
16.
土壤碳库是陆地碳库生态系统的主体,在全球碳平衡中具有重要的作用。通过开展珠江三角洲经济区多目标区域地球化学调查,获得了土壤全碳及有机碳数据,采用"单位土壤碳量"方法计算土壤碳储量,显示珠江三角洲经济区土壤有机碳总体分布:表层(0～0.2 m)土壤有机碳为9.71×107 t,碳密度为2271.34 t/km2;中层(0～1.0 m)土壤有机碳为3.71×108 t,碳密度为8666.05 t/km2;深层(0～1.8m)土壤有机碳为5.87×108 t,碳密度为13722.73 t/km2。对比其他地区,珠江三角洲土壤碳密度处于较低水平。分析了土壤、土地利用、地貌类型与成土母质对区域土壤碳库的影响程度,不同土壤单元有机碳储量分布特征。与第二次土壤普查比较,20年期间珠江三角洲表层土壤有机碳总体减少0.22×108 t,损失幅度达19.20%,仅惠州等地区有所增加。不同生态系统土壤有机碳减少程度不同。 相似文献
17.
Yindong Tong Wei Zhang Dan Hu Langbo Ou Xindi Hu Tianjun Yang Wen Wei Li Ju Xuejun Wang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,68(4):1089-1097
The characteristics of mercury in the aquatic environment have been intensively studied in mining areas with heavy mercury pollution but little work has been conducted in urban areas, with no significant Hg source. This paper presents a study of the Haihe River, which flows through an urban area in North China. The concentrations of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in the river water were 3.6–31.2 and 0.12–3.21 ng/l, and the corresponding values in river sediment were 22.9–374.8 and 0.03–0.46 μg/kg. These values are lower than the reported values from mining areas. The THg concentration in sediment samples collected from the urban areas was higher than that from the rural areas and the global background levels, indicating the influence of urbanization on mercury contamination. Samples of typical riparian and floating plants, reed and hornwort, were collected. Correlation analysis showed that sediment is the major source of THg and MeHg in reed and water is the major source of MeHg in hornwort. The higher bioaccumulation factor of reed indicates its higher potential to accumulate MeHg from the environment. 相似文献
18.
珠江流域岩溶地下河枯季流量约4 738.69万m3·d?1,赋存丰富的地下水资源,探讨地下河分布和发育特征对我国南方岩溶水资源的开发利用具有重要的指导意义。文章以西南岩溶区大量的野外调查工作为基础,结合珠江流域内1∶20万水文地质普查报告,选择348组岩石样品和1 036条岩溶地下河,从岩性、地形地貌、构造、水动力条件和新构造运动等角度总结分析珠江流域地下河发育规律、分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明:地下河在比溶解度介于0.84~1.2的细粒?鲕粒生物碎屑纯灰岩中最为发育,在比溶解度介于0.43~0.61的泥质灰岩中发育较弱。根据地下河形态及水循环演化条件,将地下河分为发育初期单管型、发育多期羽毛型、新构造控制网络型、发育成熟期树枝型4种类型。地形地貌和地表河网决定岩溶地下河运动的趋势和方向;构造控制地下河发育的空间格局,其中构造反接复合部位、压扭性断裂两侧破碎带、与非可溶岩接触带、褶皱弯曲最大部位、背斜轴部破碎带和向斜轴部地下河发育尤为明显;水动力特征影响地下河发育规模和发育深度;新构造运动促进地下河发育向深性、继承性、新生性发展。 相似文献
19.
20.
高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定黄河河口段水中全氟化合物的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以近年来备受关注的持久性有机污染物———全氟化合物为研究目标物,黄河河口段为目标研究区域,应用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定黄河河口段河水、自来水和浅层地下水中的19种全氟化合物含量,描述研究该区域水体中全氟化合物的污染水平和分布规律,并探讨水体中全氟化合物的来源。结果表明,全氟丁酸和全氟辛酸是黄河河口段水体中最主要的全氟化合物,黄河水中的全氟丁酸和全氟辛酸浓度分别为1.61～4.20ng/L和2.04～3.36 ng/L。浅层地下水中各待测物检出率都很低;自来水中全氟丁酸和全氟辛酸的浓度分别为1.62～3.24 ng/L和4.66～9.34 ng/L;自来水与黄河水中全氟化合物的组成特征明显不同。东营地区黄河水中全氟辛烷磺酸的浓度与国内其他北方城市相比浓度相当,明显低于长江水和珠三角地表水;全氟辛酸的浓度与呼和浩特市周边河水以及北京官厅水库中浓度相当,相比国内其他地区处于较低水平。 相似文献