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1.
基于土地利用变化的喀斯特地区生态服务价值损益估算——以广西都安瑶族自治县为例 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
以广西都安瑶族自治县1988年、1999 年TM 影像数据以及2005 年SPOT2 /4影像数据为基础,应用谢高地等关于生态系统服务价值的测算方法,分析了研究区域土地利用变化及其所引起的生态系统服务价值的变化情况。分析结果表明, 17年间研究区域土地利用的变化损害了该区域生态系统的生态服务功能,使生态系统服务价值损失了约0. 91亿元,说明土地利用变化影响了该地的生态系统服务功能的发挥,建议都安县调整土地利用结构,加大生态建设比重。 相似文献
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以典型断陷盆地——小江流域为研究对象,以1982年的TM影像、2003年的Landsat ETM+影像和2016年的Landsat OLI影像为数据源,结合云南省测绘局所提供的150 000的土地利用状况图,采用 Costanza 公式对生态系统服务价值进行评估,精细刻画出云南小江流域“盆—山”共存的地质分异结构下生态系统服务价值的时空变化特征。结果表明:（1）小江流域以农田生态系统为主,研究期内生态系统格局总体稳定,耕地、建设用地、林地和园地都有不同程度的增加,而未利用地面积减少,水域面积基本不变;（2）1982-2016年,研究区生态系统服务总价值呈上升趋势,1982、2003和2016年生态系统服务总价值分别为90.11×108元、105.65×108元和136.81×108元,耕地、林地、园地和水域的生态系统服务价值整体上升,而未利用地的生态系统服务价值减少;（3）整体上,小江流域南部和东部生态系统服务价值增加明显,而中部和西部地区生态系统服务价值呈阶段性变化或持续下降趋势,小江岩溶河谷区的生态系统服务价值最高,而沉积平坝区的生态系统服务价值密度最低,且为唯一一个衰退型生态系统服务功能区;（4）研究期内小江流域各项生态系统服务价值均呈上升趋势,调节服务居主导地位,且以气候调节服务价值最高。小江流域生态系统服务价值缺乏弹性,水域生态系统面积变化对研究区生态系统价值的变化具有放大作用。实施封山育林、退耕还林、小流域治理工程等石漠化综合治理工程可增加生态系统服务价值。 相似文献
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1980-2010年石羊河流域生态服务类型变化与分析 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
根据石羊河流域1980年、1990年和2010年三期遥感影像数据,基于GIS技术方法,分析了石羊河流域各县市的土地利用方式变化情况。评估了流域主要生态系统生态服务价值量,分析了30 a来流域生态系统服务价值在时间和空间上的变化。结果表明：过去30 a来,石羊河流域的土地利用变化主要以耕地、草地、未利用土地的变化为主。石羊河流域生态系统服务的总价值呈减少趋势,生态服务价值在空间分布上表现为下游呈增加趋势、中上游表现为减少趋势。流域下游生态服务价值增加的主要原因是流域生态保护与恢复措施取得了显著成效。 相似文献
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为评估陕西省生态系统服务价值在地形梯度上的分布及变化趋势,利用2000、2010年土地利用DEM数据,定量探讨了陕西省生态系统服务价值的时序变化和空间分布特征,并对陕西省整体生态经济协调度进行分析.结果表明：2000-2010年,陕西省生态系统服务价值增加了10.92亿元,其中林地和草地生态系统服务价值分别增加21.40亿元和23.16亿元,耕地生态系统服务价值减少34.16亿元;在地形梯度上,生态系统服务价值呈中间高、南北低的分布特征,且主要集中于坡度为0°~14.6°,高程为1 067~1 380 m的地形梯度单元内.单项生态系统服务价值中,废料处理和食物生产生态系统服务价值因耕地减少而损失严重,共减少6.08亿元.生态经济协调度评估结果表明：区域生态经济的发展整体趋于不协调,建议在经济发展的同时加强对生态环境的保护力度. 相似文献
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Modeling hydrological ecosystem services and tradeoffs: a case study in Baiyangdian watershed, China 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Yang Bai Hua Zheng Zhiyun Ouyang Changwei Zhuang Bo Jiang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(2):709-718
Policy makers and scientists consider that land use strategies are designed to provide direct benefits to people by protecting vital ecosystem services. However, due to lack of information and evaluation methods, there is no effective and systematic tool for assessing tradeoffs between direct human benefits and ecosystem services. Land use changes influence ecosystem properties, processes and components, which are the basis for providing services. Five alternative land use scenarios (no conversion of agricultural lands, no urban expansion, agricultural expansion, forestry expansion, and riparian reforestation) were modeled for the Baiyangdian watershed, China, a densely populated, highly modified watershed with serious water shortage and pollution problems. The model InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) is designed to inform decisions about natural resource management, with an aim to align economic forces with conservation. Three ecosystem services (agricultural production, hydropower production, and water quality) were modeled to balance direct benefits and hydrological ecosystem services using InVEST. The results showed that: hydropower production was the greatest in the forestry expansion, but the lowest in agricultural expansion; agricultural production was reduced the most in forestry expansion, while retained the most in riparian reforestation. Riparian reforestation also provided the highest N and P retention and lowest N and P exportation. Riparian reforestation was the optimal land use strategy, since it protected and enhanced the vital ecosystem services without undermining direct human benefits. This research presents an initial analytical framework for integrating direct human benefits and ecosystem services in policy planning and illustrates its application. Although there are important potential tradeoffs between ecosystem services, this systematic planning framework offers a means for identifying valuable synergies between conservation and development. 相似文献
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喀斯特生态系统服务研究进展与展望 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
喀斯特生态系统是全球典型的脆弱生态系统之一,它为人类提供了重要的服务功能和价值。回顾国内外喀斯特生态系统服务研究的文献可发现,当前研究多遵循“土地利用变化—生态系统服务价值响应”的研究范式,仅重视中小尺度喀斯特生态系统服务价值的空间异质性,强调土地利用变化和生态工程对生态系统服务价值的影响。而今后应加强基于“生态系统结构、过程—功能—服务”级联框架的喀斯特生态系统服务研究,构建喀斯特生态系统服务分类体系,突出大尺度喀斯特生态系统服务评估,拓展喀斯特生态系统服务之间权衡与协同及喀斯特生态系统服务对人类福祉的影响,定量分析自然和人为因素对喀斯特生态系统服务的影响。 相似文献
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在分析1997-2007年土地利用的数量、结构和程度变化特点的基础上,参考Costanza、谢高地等人的研究成果,结合汉阴的实际情况,估算出研究区各年度生态系统服务价值并分析变化特点及其原因,结果可以看出汉阴县生态系统服务价值与经济的发展呈正相关. 相似文献
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评估生态系统服务价值(Ecosystem Service Values,ESV)有利于衡量生态系统服务供给潜力和生态效益的大小,对城市生态规划与土地利用管控起到重要的支撑作用。选择长沙市为研究区域,基于1990、2000、2010和2018年4期土地利用现状遥感监测数据集,利用ArcGIS软件和经本地化校正的当量因子法,分析1990—2018年间的土地利用变化特征,并探讨土地利用变化对ESV的影响。结果表明: ①1990—2018年长沙市土地利用变化轨迹以耕地→林地互相转化以及建设用地对耕地、林地的侵占为主; ②1990—2018年长沙市的ESV共减少53.17×108 元,降幅3.59%,除水域外各类ESV均呈下降趋势,林地和耕地服务价值减少最明显; ③在各单项服务功能中,水文调节的价值最大,其次是气候调节,两者之和占总价值的54%; ④“退耕还林”“退田还湖”“兴工强市”等政策引起的土地利用变化势必对ESV造成影响,城市快速扩张、土地开发会导致ESV不断下降。综合分析认为,在调整研究区土地利用结构、优化土地配置时应充分重视水域、林地等生态系统服务价值较高的土地利用类型,减缓ESV的下降趋势。 相似文献
9.
Wu Jianguo He Chunyang Zhang Qingyun Yu Deyong Huang Ganlin Huang Qingxu 《地球科学进展》2014,29(12):1315-1324
Climate change and land use/land cover change have resulted in water shortage, degraded ecosystem services, and increased disaster risks across the world. Developing strategies and measures for achieving regional and global sustainability in the face of these environmental problems is a key topic of current climate change research. This paper provides an overview of the 973 project, entitled “Integrative Modeling and Strategic Planning for Regional Sustainability under Climate Change”, including its background, relative progresses, key scientific questions, major research elements, methodology, and expected outcomes. The proposed research is based on sustainability science, guided by the idea of Orderly Human Activities (OHA), and implemented through an integrated methodology of combining field observations, simulation experiments, and scenario analysis. The main objectives of the project are: to quantify the relationship between human activities and climate change, to assess the impacts of human activities on ecosystem services and human well being in the face of climate change, and to develop an integrated model of climate change, OHA, and regional sustainable development. The ultimate goal is to provide a landscape/regional-scale strategy for sustainable development in the face of climate change. The project is expected to help advance the science and application of landscape sustainability science and land system design, particularly in terms of linking climate change, ecosystem services, and human well-being in the dry land region of China. 相似文献
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图们江流域土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
应用遥感和GIS技术,以1992年和2006年两期Landsat TM影像解译数据为基础,分析图们江流域14 a土地利用变化情况,并计算由此导致的生态系统服务价值变化。结果表明：14 a间,图们江流域土地利用发生显著的变化;旱田、水田和建筑用地增加;林地、草地、水域、湿地和未利用土地在减少;ESV由1992年的472.43×108元减少到2006年的446.39×108元,年均递减率达0.39%; 生态系统单项服务功能价值中,食物生产呈增加趋势,增加0.24×108元,主要由耕地面积增加,以及气候调节、水源涵养、生物多样性保护等其余功能均呈减少趋势所致。因此,应须采取有效措施,维护该区生态环境健康发展。 相似文献
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基于生态经济功能区划的玛纳斯河流域生态服务价值评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用遥感和GIS技术, 对玛纳斯河流域及不同生态经济功能区1958-2006年的土地利用变化进行了分析, 并借助Costanza评估模型探讨了研究区及不同生态经济功能区的生态服务价值变化特征.结果表明: 在1958-2006年期间, 流域生态服务价值从22 130.86×106元下降到16 050.45×106元, 净损失6 080.41×106元.研究区各土地利用类型的生态服务价值系数接近于区域真实值, 结果可信.流域不同生态经济功能区的生态服务价值存在明显的时空变化; 基于不同生态经济功能区的生态经济特点和生态问题, 提出相应的生态恢复策略以提高流域总的生态服务价值, 对实现该区的可持续发展具有重要意义. 相似文献
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National nature reserves in China protect ecosystem and well-being in its region while benefiting humans by providing ecosystem services. Land-use/cover changes result in changes in the landscape pattern and affect the provision of ecosystem service value (ESV). The monetary evaluation of spatial–temporal changes in landscape patterns and ecosystem services in the arid region of China has been inadequately studied. Therefore, the Ebinur Lake Wetland National Nature Reserve (ELWNNR) in the arid region of China was chosen as a study object to evaluate the spatial–temporal variation in ecosystem service values (ESVs) under changes in land use/cover. The research analysed land-use/cover change in ELWNNR using a Sankey diagram, the spatial–temporal variation in ELWNNR ESVs using ArcGIS. Meanwhile, it also analysed the landscape patterns and total ESVs of the core area, buffer area and experimental area of ELWNNR at a regional scale. Four Landsat data sets from 1972, 1998, 2007 and 2016 were chosen to estimate the changes in land-use/cover types and ESV in ELWNNR. Meanwhile, the sensitivity of ESV was also analysed to validate the estimation of ESV in ELWNNR. The results showed that the total ESV of ELWNNR was 3.12?×?109 CNY (USD$ 4.88?×?108) in 1972 and dropped to 2.71?×?109 CNY (USD$ 4.24?×?108) in 2016. The provision of total ESV in ELWNNR decreased by approximately 0.41?×?109 CNY (USD$ 6.42?×?107) from 1972 to 2016, although there were fluctuations in 1998 and 2007. The core area possessed the highest ESV among all the areas, showing an increase in the provision of ESV in ELWNNR. All the areas of ELWNNR became highly fragmented, and the landscape patterns became more complex during this time period. The results of the study provide sufficient information about the ecosystem services in the region in the absence of complete data sets and contribute to conservation planning of national nature reserves. 相似文献
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基于生态工程的海岸带全球变化适应性防护策略 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在全球变化导致的海平面上升和灾害性气候等压力下,我国海岸带风暴潮、海岸侵蚀、地面沉降等灾害发生频率和强度正在增加,对海岸防护体系的需求日益提高。传统海岸防护工程维护成本高,更新困难,而且可能造成地面沉降、水质恶化、生态退化、渔业资源衰退等后果。基于生态工程的海岸防护提供了抵御海岸带灾害的新理念。修复和重建沙滩、红树林、沼泽湿地、珊瑚礁等海岸带生态系统,可以起到消浪、蓄积泥沙、抬升地面的作用,有效应对全球变化引发的灾害风险,形成更可持续的海岸防护体系。通过分析不同海岸防护技术的优势和限制,认为以生态工程为核心理念构建和管理我国海岸防护体系,才能起到保障社会经济发展和维持生态健康的最佳效果。 相似文献
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榆林市土地生态系统服务功能价值测评 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
王晓峰 《西安地质学院学报》2009,(3):302-305
以典型农牧工矿交错区的榆林市为研究对象,基于遥感和GIS技术获取3期土地利用动态数据,分析评价了该地区近14年土地利用变化、成因以及所引起的土地生态系统服务价值的变化。结果表明：1988、1999、2002年,榆林市土地利用结构发生了巨大的变化。除牧草地和建设用地持续增加外,其他的土地利用类型均出现不同程度的减少,其中耕地面积减少最多,减少量为352 350 hm^2,其次是未利用土地,减少285 765 hm^2;减少面积最小的是水域。引起土地利用变化的主要原因是在自然环境背景下人为因素影响的结果,尤其是政策方面的影响尤为突出。该地区生态系统服务价值从1988年的150.65亿元增加到2002年的171.99亿元,增加了21.34亿元,这表明该区生态环境质量整体在提高。各生态系统服务类型中废物处理和水分供应的价值最大,对区域发展起着至关重要的作用。 相似文献
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Ecosystem services refer to the benefits that humans obtain from natural ecosystems. Landscape pattern is closely related to ecosystem processes/functions. Understanding the quantitative relationship between landscape pattern and ecosystem services in the context of climate change is an important way to improve the ability of a region/landscape to provide ecosystem services. This article reviewed the progress and existing problems in the research field of ecosystem service measurement, mutual relationship and optimal management. This article emphasized that the accurate measurement of the amount of ecosystem services is the basis of valuing it, and the constraint line approach has great potential in portraying the nonlinear relationship and threshold characteristics of ecosystem services. It is necessary to start from the integrity of human-environment coupling system to develop a new generation of earth system models and optimize regional ecosystem services on this basis, which is a landscape sustainability science approach to achieve the goal of regional sustainable development. 相似文献
17.
石羊河流域下游生态系统服务功能价值的评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以石羊河流域下游民勤为主要研究范围, 对民勤县1994-2005年12 a间生态系统服务的价值进行了估算和对比分析. 结果表明, 1994年区域生态系统服务的总价值为9.976×10~8元, 2005年区域生态系统服务的总价值为8.475×10~8元, 12 a来区域内的生态系统服务价值下降了近1.501×10~8元. 由于缺乏对盐碱地、建筑用地等服务价值的相关研究信息, 该结果仅是对民勤生态系统服务价值的保守估算. 总的来说, 研究区域生态系统服务价值呈现快速下降趋势. 相似文献
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以长春高新开发区为例,从植被变化、生物物种变化、地表覆盖层变化、能流变化等几方面进行了开发区建设前后生态系统的变化分析。采用景观优势度方法,分别计算了缀块密度、频率、景观比例和景观优势度值。优势度排序绿地最高为23.78%,其次为工业用地20.42%,表明开发区规划合理,在建设过程中高度重视环境保护工作。在建立由社会环境、自然环境和污染环境3个方面共7项指标组成的生态满意度评价指标体系中,明确各指标关系的基础上,对区域生态环境和功能给人们生活、工作带来的满意程度进行了评估。评估结果表明,全区除集中供热率为基本满意外,其他指标均达到完全满意的程度。 相似文献
20.
Ecosystem services (ESs) simply refer to those services conferred by Mother Nature for the survival of her offspring living within. But the provision of ESs is continuously affected by human activity and related changes like transformations in land use and land cover. The present study has been initiated to evaluate the pattern of landscape transformation and its impact on ecosystem service, along with estimating the per capita availability of ESs based on remotely sensed data in the Dhanbad district, Jharkhand, India. The result shows that the total ecosystem service value (ESV) loss of the district was $2251959.76 during 1990–2020. The highest loss of ESV was recorded due to the conservation of agricultural land to built-up area ($15884988.50) and vegetation cover on agricultural land ($14451545.01), while the increased vegetation cover on other types of land helped the district to gain back some balance over the loss. But in a smaller scale study, 5 out of the 8 spatial units are facing negative change in ESV, and unfortunately, they are altogether inhabited by more than 85% of the district's total population. That means the loss of ESV is greater where it needs to be more as per population. Moreover, the per capita ESs in the district decreased by 68.48%, while among the spatial units in Dhanbad it decreased the most (89.60%), which is a serious cause for worry in the future. Therefore, this study can contribute to the process of decision-making, proposing ecological conservation and sustainable development plans for the region.
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