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《地球科学进展》2017,(11)
土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸区块气藏属于酸性气藏,气体碳同位素组成特征显示,该研究区块的二氧化碳(CO_2)属于无机成因;而烃源岩、储层、有机质镜质体反射率、酸性气体含量等资料显示,研究区的硫化氢(H_2S)为硫酸盐热化学还原反应的产物。通过对常规酸性气体分布影响因素的分析,包括构造、断裂、盖层质量、沉积相、储层类型、埋深、岩相、硫源等进行归纳可以得出,影响研究区酸性气体分布的因素主要有:土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸区块的基底断裂有利于CO_2分布;盖层质量越好,越有利于CO_2富集;生物堤礁带、点礁和逆掩断裂带的气藏具有中等CO_2含量;上侏罗统基末利—提塘阶膏盐岩是形成H_2S的重要硫源,但不是充分条件,中—下侏罗统海滨相碎屑岩作为研究区主力烃源岩是H_2S气藏的主要硫源,中—上侏罗统卡洛夫—牛津阶碳酸盐岩和上侏罗统基末利—提塘阶巨厚膏岩层有利于H_2S保存;溶解态SO_4~(2-)源影响H_2S分布;构造、断裂导致H_2S分布更为复杂;研究区孔隙(洞)型储层与H_2S分布具有良好的相关关系;研究区H_2S多分布在地温高于100℃的地层中;开阔台地深水沉积相不利于H_2S形成,点礁和逆掩断裂带属于低H_2S含量带,生物堤礁带属于中—高H_2S含量带。通过研究区的同位素、沉积相、岩性、温度、断裂分布等因素的全面分析,初步提出了其CO_2和H_2S的成因,且较为全面地讨论了酸气分布的影响因素,并指出为确定更细致的酸性气体成因和分布因素仍需进行必要的后续研究工作。 相似文献
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采用401聚合型多孔微球作气相色谱固定相只能分析包裹体中的H_2O及CO_2,对H_2、O_2、N_2、CO,CH_4不具分离作用。采用分子筛作固定相时,只能分析H_2、O_2、N_2、CO、CH_4,对H_2O、CO_2、H_2S等一些极性气体产生不可逆吸附。而在气液包裹体成份分析中,H_2、N_2、CO、CH_4、CO_2、H_2O等均是对成矿有重要指示作用的元素。为了能在一台色谱仪上同时测得以上元素,克服反复换柱的困难及不同次测定带来的误差,本文采用了碳化多孔小球TDX-01作为色谱固定相,它能在适宜的操作条件下,同时测定以上元素 相似文献
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通过搜集显生宙以来不同地质时期内海相碳酸盐岩鲕粒及胶结物矿物成分、钾盐矿床矿物种类及组合特征、蒸发岩盆地中石盐流体包裹体成分,并利用这些资料与人工海水模拟实验得到的石盐中Br分配特征的对比,得出海水成分在5.5亿年以来的显生宙期间,经历了五个阶段:其中晚元古代至寒武纪早期、二叠纪早期至中生代早期、新生代早期至现今,这些时期的原始海水组成特征系数m(SO_4~(2-))+m(HCO_3~-)/2m(Ca~(2+)),为Na-Mg-K-SO_4-Cl型海水,此期间沉积的钾盐矿床的钾镁盐矿物主要为钾盐镁矾、无水钾镁矾、杂卤石、硫酸镁石等含MgSO_4矿物,海相鲕粒和碳酸盐胶结物矿物成分为文石;而寒武纪早期至石炭纪、中生代早期至新生代早期,原始海水组成特征系数m(Ca~(2+))m(SO_4~(2-))+m(HCO_3~-)/2,为Na-Mg-KCa-Cl型海水,此期间沉积的钾镁盐矿物主要为光卤石和钾石盐,甚至含有溢晶石,海相鲕粒和碳酸盐胶结物矿物成分为方解石。根据石盐流体包裹体成分计算得出:显生宙期间,海水K+含量大部分时间变化幅度较小,为9.3～11.5mmol/kg H_2O(除了石炭纪和晚元古代),平均为10.55mmol/kg H_2O。Mg~(2+)含量在早寒武世≥67mmol/kg H_2O、晚志留世至中泥盆世31～41mmol/kg H_2O、晚古生代≥48mmol/kg H22O、晚白垩世34mmol/kg H_2O和现代55.1mmol/kg H_2O。Ca~+含量在晚元古代至古生代早期≤11mmol/kg H_2O、古生代早期至石炭纪22～35mmol/kg H_2O、石炭纪至中生代早期≤17mmol/kg H_2O、中生代早期至新生代早期19～39mmol/kg H_2O及新生代早期至今7～21mmol/kg H_2O。SO_4~(2-)含量在晚元古代至古生代早期≥23mmol/kg H_2O、古生代早期至石炭纪5～17mmol/kg H_2O、石炭纪至中生代早期13～22mmol/kg H_2O、中生代早期至新生代早期5～19mmol/kg H_2O及新生代早期至今12～29.2mmol/kg H_2O。海水Ca~(2+)与SO_4~(2-)含量的相对变化是控制海相钾盐矿床钾镁盐矿物类型的基本因素。同时,利用以上数据计算得到的显生宙各时期海水[m(Mg~(2+))+m(SO_4~(2-))]/[m(K~+)+m(Ca~(2+))]的变化与各时期海相蒸发岩系石盐层底部的Br含量变化具有同步性,进一步验证了显生宙期间海水成分是不断变化的,是约束海相蒸发岩钾盐矿物类型的主要因素。海水成分变化的控制因素为洋中脊热液和陆地水,其中洋中脊热液起主要作用,而控制这些因素变化的根本原因为板块构造运动。 相似文献
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《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2016,(3)
为探讨丫他金矿床成矿流体的特征和矿床成因,对热液成矿阶段中石英中的流体包裹体进行了岩相学、显微测温、激光拉曼分析以及H、O同位素研究。结果表明,丫他金矿床中存在H_2O包裹体、CO_2-H_2O包裹体和CO_2包裹体三类流体包裹体;其中同一阶段同一视域中富H_2O相CO_2-H_2O包裹体在加热中完全均一到H_2O相,以及富CO_2相CO_2-H_2O包裹体完全均一到CO_2相,它们的均一温度和形成压力基本一致,说明同时捕获了富CO_2和富H_2O两种流体;流体包裹体的H、O同位素组成特征显示,成矿流体主要来源为大气降水或与大气降水有关的盆地流体;热液成矿阶段流体发生相分离,CO_2-H_2O不混溶作用导致热液中Au的溶解度迅速降低并沉淀形成矿床。 相似文献
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探针原子化石墨炉原子吸收法测定高纯金属镁中痕量铝 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
采用探针恒温原子化技术的石墨炉原子吸收 ,测定高纯金属镁中的痕量铝 ,利用样品中的基体镁转化成硝酸镁成为一种有效基体改进剂 ,进一步改善了铝的分析性能。实验优化了仪器条件和分析方法。结果表明 ,在有Mg(NO3) 2 存在时 ,可显著提高探针原子化测铝的灰化温度 ,降低原子化温度 ,并且使铝的灵敏度提高了 50 %。方法的检出限为 2 .2× 1 0 - 1 1 gAl,测定 50 μg/LAl标准溶液的相对标准偏差 (n =1 2 )为 3.1 %。用该法测定了 4个金属镁内部管理样品中Al的含量 ,结果与推荐值相符合 ,其RSD(n =6)为 3.4%～ 1 1 .0 %。 相似文献
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Based on the requirement of the new technology for producing potassium sulfate and N-Mg compound fertilizer,boussingaultite,by the reaction of the mineral shoenite from Kunteyi Salt Lake,Qinghai province,and the industrial byproduct ammonium sulfate,the solubilities of the quaternary system (NH_4)_2SO_4-Mg SO_4-K_2SO_4-H_2O at 25.0oC in the isothermal evaporation and crystallization process were measured using the isothermal evaporation method,and the corresponding phase diagrams were plotted.According to the diagram,this system contains six saturation points and six solid phase fields of crystallization,which correspond to (K_(1-m),(NH_4)_m)_2SO_4,(NH_4)_2SO_4·Mg SO_4·6H_2O,K_2SO_4·Mg SO_4·6H_2O,Mg SO_4·6H_2O,(K_(1-n),(NH_4)_n)_2SO_4·Mg SO_4·6H_2O and Mg SO_4·7H_2O,respectively.By analyzing and calculating the isothermal evaporation and dissolution phase diagram of this quaternary system at 25.0oC,K_2SO_4 and (NH_4)_2SO_4·Mg SO_4·6H_2O can be separated via K_2SO_4·Mg SO_4·6H_2O and (NH_4)_2SO_4 as raw materials.Theoretical calculations about the proposed process were carried out and verified by experiment,which indicated that the yield of potassium sulfate was improved and the magnesium resources were fully utilized. 相似文献
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本文研究了在硅胶H/硝酸铵羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)/H_2O(重量比为33:4:1:110)的薄层板上以体系Ⅰ:二-2-乙基己基磷酸-异丙醚-乙醚-硝酸和体系Ⅱ:单-2-乙基己基磷酸-异丙醚-乙醚-硝酸为展开剂测定稀土元素La、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Y的Rf值,并研究了改变两体系中各组分比例对各稀土元素色谱行为的影响以及对分离效果的影响。当二-2-乙基己基磷酸-异丙醚-乙醚-硝酸的体积比(1:10:6:1.1)、单-2-乙基己基磷酸-异丙醚-乙醚-硝酸的体积比为(1:8:8:1.1)时,上述各稀土元素间均能表现出较明显的Rf值差异。分离La、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Y稀土标准混合液,各元素的分离情况可达到定量测定要求,结果令人满意。在两种磷酸型萃取剂中,单-2-乙基己基磷酸比P204分离效果更好,稀土元素斑点清晰,不易拖尾,并且单-2-乙基己基磷酸合成简单,试剂价格便宜,因此是分离稀土元素较为理想的试剂。 相似文献
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芴系列化合物的成因 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
模拟实验揭示出:芴系列化合物的形成并不依赖于具有相同碳骨架的生物前身物质,在一定温度条件下,β胡萝卜素可以转化成芴系列,而硫和链状化合物反应可以形成更为丰富的芴系列化合物。β胡萝卜素在芳构化过程中会出现部分甲基脱落、甲基转移等变化,而且甲基上的活泼氢也会部分脱离,这样形成的自由基就可能结合成键形成芴系列;β胡萝卜素在热演化过程中生成的二苯甲烷系列可进一步转化成芴系列;硫在和链状化合物反应时也可能先形成一些二苯甲烷系列化合物,硫继续和这些产物反应会夺取两个苯环上的α位氢形成自由基,当一个苯环上的自由基和另一个苯环上的自由基结合时就可能形成芴系列。芴系列虽然具有生物骨架,但不能被认为是生物标志化合物,因为其地球化学合成作用形成的可能占多数。 相似文献
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T.C. Hoering 《Organic Geochemistry》1984,5(4):267-278
Finely divided samples of the Messel shale that had first been extracted with organic solvents were subjected to pyrolysis at 330°C for 3 days in the presence of excess water or heavy water and also with added pure organic substances. About 8% of the organic carbon was converted into an assemblage of saturated hydrocarbons that closely resembled petroleum hydrocarbons. No olefins were observed in the products. When the reaction was performed in heavy water, extensive deuteration occurred. The extent of substitution and the position of heavy hydrogen in a variety of hydrocarbon structural types were measured by mass spectrometry. A control experiment in which a saturated hydrocarbon was added showed that this deuterium substitution was not due to simple homogeneous exchange.A mechanism for the production of polydeuterated hydrocarbons is advanced, based on a model wherein the molecular fossils that are chemically bonded into kerogen matrix are released as free radicals. During the subsequent chain reactions, migration of olefinic bonds in intermediates and attack by deuterium free radicals result in multiple deuteration with retention of the carbon skeleton of the molecular fossil. 相似文献
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S.P. Levshounova 《地学学报》1991,3(6):579-585
950 samples were analysed to study the possibility of using information on hydrogen in the evaluation of regional, zonal and local hydrocarbon potential. The main method for identifying that hydrogen is of natural origin is by comparison with the δD of hydrogen of technical origin that is ?792‰. As an added criterion for recognizing the origin of hydrogen in wells the investigation of changes in gas composition within the borehole section is proposed. The distribution of hydrogen in the free and adsorbed states and the role of hydrogen in hydrocarbon gas formation have been evaluated. These data combined with tests on hydrogen absorption establish a difference between oil and gas generation in terrigenous and carbonate rocks caused by different types of organic matter and by the ability of hydrogen to be preserved in the crystal lattice of carbonate minerals. This absorbed hydrogen promotes HC generation and also changes the physical properties of limestones producing fundamentally different styles of fracture genesis. 相似文献
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Corey A Cohn Shawn C Fisher Bruce J Brownawell Martin AA Schoonen 《Geochemical transactions》2010,11(1):2
Cellular exposure to particulate matter with concomitant formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidization of biomolecules
may lead to negative health outcomes. Evaluating the particle-induced formation of ROS and the oxidation products from reaction
of ROS with biomolecules is useful for gaining a mechanistic understanding of particle-induced oxidative stress. Aqueous suspensions
of pyrite particles have been shown to form hydroxyl radicals and degrade nucleic acids. Reactions between pyrite-induced
hydroxyl radicals and nucleic acid bases, however, remain to be determined. Here, we compared the oxidation of adenine by
Fenton-generated (i.e., ferrous iron and hydrogen peroxide) hydroxyl radicals to adenine oxidation by hydroxyl radicals generated
in pyrite aqueous suspensions. Results show that adenine oxidizes in the presence of pyrite (without the addition of hydrogen
peroxide) and that the rate of oxidation is dependent on the pyrite loading. Adenine oxidation was prevented by addition of
either catalase or ethanol to the pyrite/adenine suspensions, which implies that hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals are
causing the adenine oxidation. The adenine oxidation products, 8-oxoadenine and 2-hydroxyadenine, were the same whether hydroxyl
radicals were generated by Fenton or pyrite-initiated reactions. Although nucleic acid bases are unlikely to be directly exposed
to pyrite particles, the formation of ROS in the vicinity of cells may lead to oxidative stress. 相似文献
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To understand the fundamental chemical processes of fluid–rock interaction during the pulverization of quartz grains in fault zones, quartz grains were crushed within pure water. The crushing experiments were performed batch style using a shaking apparatus. The crushing process induced a decrease in pH and an increase in hydrogen gas with increased shaking duration. The amount of hydrogen ions generated was five times larger than that of the hydrogen gas, which was consistent with the amount of Si radicals estimated from electron spin resonance measurements by Hochstrasser and Antonini (1972). This indicates that hydrogen gas was generated by consuming most of the Si radicals. The generation of hydrogen ions was most likely related to the presence of silanols on the newly formed mineral surface, implying a change of proton activities in the fluid after pulverization of quartz. 相似文献
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More than 100 crude oils and 12 oil sands from Alberta, Canada, from stratigraphie units ranging in age from Upper Cretaceous to Middle Devonian, were processed to separate the asphaltenes which were then analysed for C, H, N, O and S and the ESR spectra run to determine g-value, spin number and line width. A factor analysis of these data, together with selected crude oil and reservoir properties, was interpreted in terms of a number of non-thermal processes which can affect the content and composition of asphaltenes during and after thermal maturation. Experiments on the effect of temperature on the signal intensity of free radicals indicate that more than half, and possibly all, the free radicals observed in asphaltenes must arise from charge transfer or closely related equilibria. An important solvent effect is demonstrated in further experiments, in which the more polar the solvent, the more the solvent dispersive forces overcome the associative forces of the asphaltene layers thus leading to lower molecular weights and a change in the charge transfer forces responsible for the ESR signal. The average molecular weight of asphaltenes from heavy, asphaltic, biodegraded crude oils and oil sands is considerably greater than the average molecular weight of asphaltenes from the more paraffinic, mature, non-biodegraded crude oils, and it seems likely that the differences in molecular weight of these asphaltenes are due to the solvent effect of the crude oils, and thus the laboratory observations have been confirmed in the Alberta basin. 相似文献
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道地药材生长与生态地球化学研究对实现中医药科学化和标准化具有重要意义。从承德市滦河流域与金沟屯和五道岭典型研究区阐明区域尺度和不同地质建造区Ge元素地球化学背景特征,结合多元统计采用基于Nb元素的质量迁移系数、化学蚀变指数CIA和残积系数RF、生物富集系数论述Ge元素在基岩-风化壳-土壤-黄芩系统中的迁移聚集规律,探讨Ge元素生态地球化学特征与道地药材黄芩的适生关系。结果表明：滦河流域表层土壤Ge元素平均含量为1.336 mg·kg-1,43.54%土壤样品Ge元素含量属丰富—较丰富水平;金沟屯和五道岭区表层土壤Ge元素平均含量分别为1.352 mg·kg-1和1.268 mg·kg-1。不同地质建造和表层土壤Ge元素含量与TFe2O3含量显著相关,土壤含铁矿物对Ge元素具有吸附作用。Ge元素含量随岩土风化程度升高而增大,金沟屯区土壤风化程度高于五道岭区,土壤成熟度相对较高,Ge元素富集程度相对较高。岩石风化过程中Ge元素与TFe2O3、V、Ti、Co、P、Pb、Cu、Zn、Al2O3、SiO2、K2O、Na2O质量迁移系数值相近,风化土壤与新鲜基岩Si和Ge含量发生明显分异,Ge元素主要来源于硅酸盐矿物风化过程中晶格破裂和金属硫化物矿物风化释放。金沟屯和五道岭黄芩Ge元素BCF平均值分别为0.014和0.020,黄芩根部对土壤Fe与Ge的吸收表现出明显的协同作用,土壤pH影响着Ge元素形态和生物有效性。区域土壤丰富的Fe、P和Sr元素含量为优质黄芩生长提供了有利条件;Fe族元素含量丰富,pH呈微碱性的沙壤质土壤为道地药材黄芩适宜生长和定向栽培种植区。 相似文献
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临沧锗矿床的微量元素地球化学 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用ICP-MS测定了临沧锗矿中51个含矿煤、5个无矿煤、9个硅质岩样品的微量元素含量,并与基底二云母花岗岩进行对比,探讨了含矿煤与无矿煤的微量元素地球化学及其与锗超常富集的关系,得出几点认识: a 含矿煤、无矿煤和硅质岩中的大多数微量元素来自基底的二云母花岗岩; b 热水携带了成矿所必需的锗; c Nb可作为锗矿化的指示元素 相似文献
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Corey A Cohn Steffen Mueller Eckard Wimmer Nicole Leifer Steven Greenbaum Daniel R Strongin Martin AA Schoonen 《Geochemical transactions》2006,7(1):3-11
Background
Pyrite, the most abundant metal sulphide on Earth, is known to spontaneously form hydrogen peroxide when exposed to water. In this study the hypothesis that pyrite-induced hydrogen peroxide is transformed to hydroxyl radicals is tested. 相似文献20.
B.L. Sidwell L.E. McKinney M.F. Bozeman P.C. Egbujor G.R. Eaton S.S. Eaton D.A. Netzel 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1979,43(8):1337-1342
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) reveals the presence of free radicals in raw shale, shale oil, and spent shale. Thirty-four samples of raw shale, and the spent shale and shale oil produced in the Fischer assay of these raw shale samples were studied. There is a significant correlation between the gallons per ton oil yield as estimated by Fischer assay and the spin density in the raw oil shale. However, the scatter in the data (due to uncertainties in sample preparation, Fischer assay results, and estimation of spins per gram of sample) limits the analytical utility of this finding. Sample preparation techniques affect the EPR signal. 相似文献