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鄂东南地区早三叠世风暴沉积序列及其环境意义 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
鄂东南地区下三叠统以海相碳酸盐岩为主,发育典型的风暴成因的竹叶状砾屑灰岩.风暴沉积构遣包括风暴侵蚀构造、风暴撕裂构造、风暴浪构造、风暴涡流构造及风暴期后快速沉积构造和放射状构造等.风暴沉积主要包括7种岩相类型:A为具块状层理的竹叶状砾屑灰岩;B为具递变层理的砾屑灰岩;C为具丘状、洼状交错层理和平行层理的砂屑灰岩;D为具平行层理的砂屑灰岩;E为具波痕交错层理的砂屑灰岩;F为具水平层理的粉屑灰岩;G为具块状或水平层理的泥状灰岩.它们组成4种典型的风暴沉积序列:风暴潮序列(序列1)、潮下带风暴流序列(序列2)、内陆棚风暴流序列(序列3)和外陆棚风暴浊流序列(序列4).鄂东南地区广泛发育的风暴沉积,说明三叠纪时期该地区处于低纬度带的潮坪-陆棚浅水沉积环境. 相似文献
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通过岩心观察,发现花港组典型的风暴沉积构造主要包括风暴侵蚀形成的渠模、冲刷沟槽、冲刷面,风暴涡流形成的撕扯构造、菊花状构造,风暴重力流形成的粒序层理,风暴浪形成的丘状交错层理、浪成沙纹层理、平行层理,同生变形构造及生物逃逸构造.运用岩石相组合分析的方法,发现花港组风暴垂向沉积序列发育不完整.其理想的序列由A~G共7段构成。根据花港组垂向沉积序列类型、沉积构造特点总结出了A+B+G、A+B+C、A+B+D、B+C+D、C+E+G、E+F+G等6种风暴沉积序列和原地风暴岩、近源风暴岩和远源风暴岩3种风暴岩类型. 相似文献
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通过对四川盆地龙门山区甘溪石沟里剖面实测,建立了石沟里剖面泥盆系养马坝组风暴沉积的识别标志,进而对其风暴岩进行了系统研究。石沟里养马坝组风暴沉积的重要标志包括冲刷面、渠模等风暴侵蚀构造和粒序层理、平行层理、丘状交错层理等风暴浪构造。该区养马坝组发育了6种类型的风暴沉积单元组成序列,据此建立了完整的风暴序列模式,由粒序层理段(Sa)、平行层理段(Sb)、丘状交错层理段(Sc)、波状层理段(Sd)和泥岩段(Se)组成,底部常发育冲刷面和渠模构造。龙门山区甘溪石沟里养马坝组风暴沉积可分为近源风暴和远源风暴2种类型,依据风暴沉积的剖面结构类型和沉积构造特点,建立了该区风暴沉积序列的分布模式。龙门山区甘溪石沟里养马坝组发育的风暴沉积是该区混合沉积发育、抑制生物礁发育的重要控制因素,对于该区古地理重建具有重要的指示意义。 相似文献
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广西桂林地区中、上泥盆统风暴岩沉积特征及其地质意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
桂林地区中、上泥盆统以海相碳酸盐岩为主,地层中夹有多套风暴沉积.风暴沉积特征包括底面侵蚀构造、放射状组构、丘状交错层理、递变层理、平行层理、块状层理等.风暴沉积主要包括A、B、C、D、E 5种沉积单元:A.块状层理段,由具块状层理的竹叶状砾屑灰岩构成,代表风暴涡流沉积;B.递变层理段,由砾屑灰岩和砂屑灰岩构成,代表风暴浊流沉积;C.丘状交错层理段,由具丘状交错层理的砂屑灰岩构成,代表风暴浪作用沉积;D.平行层理段,由具平行层理的砂屑灰岩组成,代表风暴浊流沉积(相当于鲍马序列的B段);E.均质层理段,由具均质层理的泥晶灰岩构成,为风暴后期的快速悬浮沉积.由上述沉积单元组合成不同的风暴沉积序列.桂林地区风暴沉积的发现表明,广西在泥盆纪时位于低纬度区域,该沉积对于认识该区中、晚泥盆世的古地理、古气候和古海洋具有重要意义. 相似文献
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丘状交错层理作为鉴别风暴沉积重要的标志之一,是最能反映风暴作用的沉积构造。本文基于驻波理论对丘状交错层理成因进行了新的解释,提出了丘状交错层理形成于驻波波节部位,形成丘状交错层理（或驻波）的动能近似恒定的观点。通过理论计算解释了丘状交错层理随水深变浅波长逐渐变长,波高逐渐减小,波长/波高逐渐增大的趋势,解释了徐州地区贾园组风暴沉积序列中丘状交错层理随水深的变化规律,从而验证了理论的可行性,对沉积环境具有一定的指示意义。 相似文献
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甘肃靖远—景泰泥盆系湖相风暴岩及其古地理意义 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
甘肃靖远-景泰一带泥盆系雪山组和沙流水组以河湖相碎屑岩为主,内发育典型的风暴沉积构造(包括渠铸型、槽筑型、丘状交错层理和洼状交错层理、平等层理、块状层理和递变层理等).雪山组和沙流水组的风暴沉积主要包括3种岩相类型A底部具渠铸型或槽筑型的块状层理和递变层理砂岩.B具丘状或洼状交错层理及平行层理的砂岩.C具均质层理的粉砂岩、泥质岩.上述岩相A,B,C分别代表风暴事件沉积中风暴流行作用-风暴后的快速悬浮沉积(事件沉积),它们组合成典型的风暴沉积序列.甘肃靖远一带晚加里东早海西期位于北祁连造山带北缘同造山盆地的构造背景下,泥盆纪雪山组-沙流水组以河湖相沉积为主.泥盆纪湖相风暴岩的发现表明该区处于低纬度(5.～20.)的风暴作用带.中、晚泥盆世北祁连造山带构造隆升渐弱,海拔不高,不足以阻隔风暴作用对山后湖盆的侵扰.因此在近海湖盆中形成风暴岩沉积.该沉积对于认识北祁连河西走廊泥盆纪的古地理、古气候及古构造具有重要意义. 相似文献
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豫西登封地区寒武系第三统馒头组三段发育了一套含大量生物成因构造的碳酸盐岩风暴沉积。风暴沉积标志包括冲刷面构造、砾屑灰岩及各类交错层理,生物成因构造包括微生物成因构造-叠层石及后生动物扰动构造-各类垂直潜穴。该区风暴沉积包括3种沉积序列:序列1由侵蚀底面、砾屑灰岩段和交错层理段组成,代表了风暴高峰期和衰减期形成的原地型风暴沉积;序列2由侵蚀底面、砾屑灰岩段和泥岩、泥灰岩段组成,为风暴高峰期和间歇期形成的近源型风暴沉积;序列3由侵蚀底面、交错层理段和叠层石灰岩段组成,反映了风暴衰减期和间歇期形成的远源型风暴沉积。这些风暴沉积代表了不同风暴作用留下的多期不完整风暴沉积记录。 相似文献
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滇中中元古代昆阳群因民组碎屑风暴岩及其意义 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：15
滇中地区中元古代昆阳群因民组以碎屑岩为主,内发育典型的风暴沉积构造 (包括渠铸型、丘状交错层理和洼状交错层理、递变层理等 )。风暴沉积主要包括 4种岩相类型 :A -具口袋构造的递变层理砂岩段。B -具丘状或洼状交错层理的砂岩段。C -具均质层理的粉砂岩、泥质岩段。D -具水平层理的泥质岩段。上述岩相A、B、C分别代表风暴流作用 -风暴浪作用 -风暴后期的快速悬浮沉积 (事件沉积 ),D代表风暴过后缓慢悬浮沉积 (背景沉积 ),它们组合成不同的风暴沉积序列。滇中地区昆阳群风暴沉积的发现表明中元古代大气圈、水圈及其相互作用与现今近似;中元古代滇中地区位于低纬度 (5 - 30°)的风暴作用带。该沉积对于解释因民组递变层砂岩的成因、证实昆阳群的地层层序也具有重要意义。 相似文献
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黔西北遵义丁台剖面下寒武统龙王庙阶清虚洞组的底部和中部发育两套具有不同沉积特征的风暴沉积,与同时期风暴沉积多发现于黔东湘西台缘区不同,研究在黔西北台地内部发现该时期风暴沉积。其底部风暴沉积段发育侵蚀底面、粗粒滞留沉积、丘-洼状交错层理、沙纹层理和泥晶灰岩背景沉积,共识别出三种类型的风暴沉积序列,其沉积特征指示其形成于正常浪基面与风暴浪基面之间的中缓坡环境,而中部风暴沉积段则发育粗粒滞留沉积、粒序层理、沙纹层理和具鸟眼构造的藻屑灰岩背景沉积,可识别出四种类型的风暴沉积序列,其沉积特征指示其形成于浪基面之上的浅水潮坪环境。本剖面上下两段形成于不同沉积背景的风暴沉积的发现不仅丰富了我们对风暴沉积的认识,更为重要的是为研究早寒武世龙王庙期扬子地台的古纬度及古板块演化、地层等时对比和古地理演化提供了极有价值的资料。 相似文献
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依据风暴沉积野外剖面实测资料,通过对北川下泥盆统甘溪组和谢家湾组风暴沉积野外剖面结构和沉积演化等的研究,建立了该区风暴沉积序列模式及分布模式。北川甘溪下泥盆统广泛发育侵蚀冲刷面、渠模构造、生物介壳滞留沉积、丘状交错层理和生物成因构造等风暴沉积构造,其中发育3类风暴沉积与7类风暴沉积序列。研究区广泛发育的风暴沉积具有良好的古气候和古地理意义,亦为前人提出的扬子板块北移和北川早泥盆世所处的温暖热带-亚热带气候环境提供了一定证据。 相似文献
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DONALD J. P. SWIFT PETER M. HUDELSON ROBERT L. BRENNER PETER THOMPSON 《Sedimentology》1987,34(3):423-457
The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Kenilworth Member of the Blackhawk Formation (Mesaverde Group) is part of a series of strand plain sandstones that intertongue with and overstep the shelfal shales of the western interior basin of North America. Analysis of this section at a combination of small (sedimentological) and large (stratigraphical) scales reveals the dynamics of progradation of a shelf-slope sequence into a subsiding foreland basin. Four major lithofacies are present in the upper Mancos and Kenilworth beds of the Book Cliffs. A lag sandstone and channel-fill shale lithofacies constitutes the thin, basal, transgressive sequence, which rests on a marine erosion surface. It was deposited in an outer shelf environment. Shale, interbedded sandstone and shale, and amalgamated sandstone lithofacies were deposited over the transgressive lag sandstone lithofacies as a wave-dominated delta and its flanking strand plains prograded seaward. Analysis of grain size and primary structures in Kenilworth beds indicates that there are four basic strata types which combine to build the observed lithofacies. The fine- to very fine-grained graded strata of the interbedded facies are tempestites, deposited out of suspension by alongshelf storm flows (geostrophic flows). There is no need to call on cross-shelf turbidity currents (density underflows) to explain their presence. Very fine- to fine-grained hummocky strata are likewise suspension deposits created by waning storm flows, but were deposited under conditions of more intense wave agitation on the middle shoreface. Cross-strata sets in this region are bed-load deposits that accumulated on the upper shore-face, in the surf zone. Lag strata are multi-event, bed-load deposits that are the product of prolonged storm winnowing. They occur on transgressive surfaces. While the graded beds are tempestites in the strict sense, all four classes of strata are storm deposits. The distribution of strata types and their palaeocurrent orientations suggests a model of the Kenilworth transport system driven by downwelling coastal storm flows, and probably by a northeasterly alongshore pressure gradient. The stratification patterns shift systematically from upper shoreface to lower shoreface and inner shelf lithofacies partly because of a reduction in fluid power expenditure with increasing water depth, but also because of progressive sorting, which resulted in a decrease in grain size in the sediment load delivered to successive downstream environments. The Kenilworth Member and an isolated outlier, the Hatch Mesa lentil, constitute a delta-prodelta shelf depositional system. Their rhythmically bedded, lenticular, sandstone and shale successions are a prodelta shelf facies, and may be prodelta plume deposits. Major Upper Cretaceous sandstone tongues in the Book Cliffs are underlain by erosional surfaces like that beneath the Blackhawk Formation, which extend for many tens of kilometres into the Mancos shale. These surfaces are the boundaries of Upper Cretaceous depositional sequences. The sequences are large-scale genetic stratigraphic units. They result from the arranging of facies into depositional systems; the depositional systems are in turn stacked in repeating arrays, which constitute the depositional sequences. The anatomy of these foreland basin sequences differs 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组长8-长6油层组沉积相为曲流河三角洲-半深湖、深湖,重力流沉积发育。以前认为这些重力流沉积物是浊流沉积。本文通过对旬邑地区延长组岩心、测井资料的研究,认为研究区长8-长6油层组发育砂质碎屑流沉积。岩心中常见大段块状砂岩、面状碎屑组构、顶底突变接触、漂砾、底部剪切带及滑塌变形构造等,相应测井曲线特征以箱型为主。砂质碎屑流为风暴诱因,可见丰富的风暴沉积特征,如侵蚀构造、底模、浪成沙纹层理、波痕、生物逃逸迹等。研究区理想的风暴沉积单元由下向上可概括为:块状层理段(A);滞留沉积段(B);平行层理段(C);丘状交错层理或浪成沙纹层理段(D);泥页岩段(E)。根据岩心风暴沉积特征总结出风暴岩的3个垂向沉积序列组合。砂质碎屑流及风暴作用的研究对于研究区油气勘探及古地理、古气候研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Geological identification of past tsunamis is important for risk assessment studies, especially in areas where the historical record is limited or absent. The main problem when using the geological evidence is to distinguish between tsunami and storm deposits. Both are high-energy events that may leave marine traces in coastal stratigraphic sequences. At Martinhal, SW Portugal both storm surge and tsunami deposits are present at the same site within a single stratigraphic sequence, which makes it suitable to study the differences between them, excluding variations caused by local factors.
The tsunami associated with the Lisbon earthquake of November 1st 1755 AD, had a major impact on the geomorphology and sedimentology of Martinhal. It breached the barrier and laid down an extensive sheet of sand, as described in eyewitness reports. Besides the tsunami deposit the stratigraphy of Martinhal also displays evidence for storm surges that have breached and overtopped the barrier, flooding the lowland and leaving sand layers. Both marine-derived flood deposits show similar grain size characteristics and distinctive marine foraminifera. The most important differences are the rip-up clasts and boulders exclusively found in the tsunami deposit and the landward extent of the tsunami deposit that everywhere exceeds that of the storm deposits. Identification of both depositional units was only possible using a collection of different data and extensive stratigraphical information from cores as well as trenches. 相似文献
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我国的碳酸盐风暴岩丰富多样,但前人对不同环境风暴岩的沉积作用、沉积序列和沉积模式的总结还不够完善.山东省中部上寒武统炒米店组碳酸盐风暴岩发育频繁,分布广,提供了全面分析风暴沉积作用的理想场所.基于该区详实的露头观察,可识别出冲刷面、渠模、丘状交错层理等典型的风暴沉积构造,以及砾屑灰岩、递变层理含砾砂屑灰岩-砂屑灰岩、纹层状粉-砂屑灰岩等风暴岩类型.根据砾屑颜色、磨圆度、排列方式、支撑结构、充填物等岩石学特征,研究区首要发育的砾屑灰岩可被细分为紧密堆积棱角状砾屑灰岩、基质支撑砾屑灰岩、砂屑支撑砾屑灰岩、水平-叠瓦状砾屑灰岩和放射状排列砾屑灰岩5种岩相类型,其分别归属于台前缓坡带原地-近源堆积、碎屑流、高密度-低密度浊流、风暴砾滩和风暴涡流沉积.对台前缓坡、台地边缘和开阔台地等不同环境的风暴沉积序列进行了归纳,建立了缓坡型碳酸盐台地风暴沉积的综合模式,并指出研究区频繁的风暴作用与全球气候变暖、海平面上升以及地震活动存在密切联系.研究表明较多台地边缘发育的大型渠模构造,其充填砾屑呈放射状排列,指示了渠模的风暴涡流成因 相似文献
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牟传龙 《沉积与特提斯地质》1988,8(2):23-31
近年来,随着风暴流和风暴岩的新理论、新概念的不断引入,在分析沉积环境、沉积成矿作用时,不断提出了许多新思路,也不断地冲击和修正以往的传统认识,作者于1986年随同成都地矿所寒武系磷矿专题组对滇东一带包括昆阳梅树村、海口、鸣矣河、晋宁王家湾、二街、八街、安宁白登、江川清水沟、宜良大滴水、寻甸先锋等矿区的磷矿进行了详细的研究,在下寒武统中谊村段及其相当的地层中发现了多层磷质风暴沉积物。本文拟概略介绍磷质风暴沉积物的标志、特征、剖面结构并初步探讨磷矿富集与风暴事件关系的沉积演化模式。 相似文献
18.
GIORGIO BASILICI PEDRO HENRIQUE VIEIRA DE LUCA ELSON PAIVA OLIVEIRA 《Sedimentology》2012,59(5):1613-1639
Open‐coast tidal flats are hybrid depositional systems resulting from the interaction of waves and tides. Modern examples have been recognized, but few cases have been described in ancient rock successions. An example of an ancient open‐coast tidal flat, the depositional architecture of the Lagarto and Palmares formations (Cambrian–Ordovician of the Sergipano Belt, north‐eastern Brazil) is presented here. Detailed field analyses of outcrops allowed the development of a conceptual architectural model for a coastal depositional environment that is substantially different from classical wave‐dominated or tide‐dominated coastal models. This architectural model is dominated by storm wave, low orbital velocity wave and tidal current beds, which vary in their characteristics and distribution. In a landward direction, the storm deposits decrease in abundance, dimension (thickness and spacing) and grain size, and vary from accretionary through scour and drape to anisotropic hummocky cross‐stratification beds. Low orbital wave deposits are more common in the medium and upper portion of the tidal flat. Tidal deposits, which are characterized by mudstone interbedded with sandstone strata, are dominant in the landward portion of the tidal flat. Hummocky cross‐stratification beds in the rock record are believed, in general, to represent storm deposits in palaeoenvironments below the fair‐weather wave base. However, in this model of an open‐coast tidal flat, hummocky cross‐stratification beds were found in very shallow waters above the fair‐weather wave base. Indeed, this depositional environment was characterized by: (i) fair‐weather waves and tides that lacked sufficient energy to rework the storm deposits; (ii) an absence of biological communities that could disrupt the storm deposits; and (iii) high aggradation rates linked to an active foreland basin, which contributed definitively to the rapid burial and preservation of these hummocky cross‐stratification deposits. 相似文献
19.
通过对准噶尔盆地阜东斜坡区侏罗系的沉积背景,沉积岩成分,结构、构造及岩性序列等综合研究表明,该区侏罗系具有较好的旋回性,可划分为６个沉积层序和两个构造层序,侏罗系沉积物具有较低的成分成熟度和中等结构成熟度,粒度概率图及沉积构造均显示其具有牵引流沉积特征及三角洲沉积序列。在研究区侏罗系发育南、北两大特源区及方向的水系,据此可识别出辫状河,辫状河三角洲、曲流河、正常三角洲、滑塌浊积扇和湖泊等多种沉积体 相似文献
20.
黔南罗甸沫阳剖面中二叠世茅口组以海相碳酸盐为主,下部地层中发育风暴岩,露头特征明显,主要以介壳灰岩为识别标志。风暴沉积构造包括底面侵蚀构造、截切构造、波痕层理、递变层理、块状层理等。风暴沉积主要包括一个底面构造A和B、C、D、E等四个沉积单元:A.侵蚀底面,代表风暴流对海底沉积物的作用;B.介壳灰岩层,代表风暴浪、风暴涡流沉积;C.粒序层,代表风暴衰减期重力分异沉积或风暴浊流沉积;D.块状层,代表风暴快速悬浮沉积;E.波痕层理段,代表风暴衰减后期沉积。它们共组成4种风暴沉积序列,分别代表不同深度的风暴沉积,反映了不同的风暴沉积作用和风暴流的类型。沫阳地区风暴沉积的沉积特征表明,该区风暴沉积主要发育于风暴浪基面之上的内陆棚沉积环境,风暴强度大,为近源风暴岩。仅个别风暴沉积发育于风暴浪基面之下的外陆棚沉积环境,为风暴引起的浊流沉积,为远源风暴岩。风暴岩类型的正确识别,对确定该区沉积相与深入认识扬子碳酸盐台地南部边缘沉积演化提供参考依据。 相似文献