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1.
CCNBD断裂韧度试样的SIF新公式和在尺度律分析中的应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据国际岩石力学学会于1995年推荐的一种测试岩石断裂韧度的新型试样－人字形切槽巴西圆盘试样,对其断裂韧度计算公式中的关键参数即无量纲应力强度因子（SIF）提出了一个改进的计算公式。采用分片合成方法结合有限元法对CCNBD试样的应力强度因子进行了宽范围标定,结果以表格的形式给出;并采用数据线性回归的方法,将标定结果以一个指数函数的形式给出。结果表明,与标定值相比,无量纲应力强度因子新公式的误差较小,并且囊括了CCNBD试样的较宽范围的尺寸,且查表使用方便,也为理论分析提供了条件。在此基础上,对岩石断裂韧度测试的尺度律进行了更进一步的探索,结果表明,利用新公式进行的尺度律分析是有效的。 相似文献
2.
Experimental Calibration of ISRM Suggested Fracture Toughness Measurement Techniques in Selected Brittle Rocks 总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1
Summary A wide variety of specimen types and methods are employed in fracture toughness measurement of rocks, which result in scattered
values for the same rock type. In order to provide some consistency to the values, the International Society for Rock Mechanics
(ISRM) recommended three suggested methods using core based specimens, the Chevron Bend (CB) test, the Short Rod (SR) test
and the Cracked Chevron Notch Brazilian Disc (CCNBD) test. This standardization helped obtain more consistent values but still
a variation of 20–30% was observed in the values of fracture toughness obtained with the CB and SR methods. The values obtained
with the CCNBD method were found to be consistently lower (30–50%) than those of the other two methods (CB and SR). Many reasons
have been offered to explain this deviation. These include size of the specimen, anisotropy of rock, a dimensionless parameter
in the fracture toughness calculation equation for the CCNBD test, etc. A comprehensive test program was initiated to identify
the cause of these discrepancies between the CB and CCNBD methods. Three brittle rock types were selected for the study and
more than 200 tests were conducted to measure the values of fracture toughness.
A rigorous statistical analysis was carried out to determine the confidence level and find the significance of the test results.
It was found that the CB and CCNBD methods were very comparable provided the correct equation for fracture toughness calculation
was used for the CCNBD method and the size of the specimens was selected carefully. The error in the ISRM 1995 formula of
fracture toughness for the CCNBD method could be the major factor responsible for the consistently lower values obtained with
the method. 相似文献
3.
采用国际岩石力学学会岩石断裂韧度建议测试方法(ISRM)[1]提出的V形切槽巴西圆盘试样(CCNBD),测试了一种泥质砂岩的I型断裂韧度值,给出了一套试样切割制备方案,从试验现象角度分析了该泥质砂岩的断裂力学特性,讨论了该试样类型的有效尺寸和断裂机制,并指出了该方法的特点和优劣性,得出如下结论：（1）该类岩石试样测得的I型断裂韧度值对CCNBD试样直径尺寸变化具有较大的敏感性,并且直径大于ISRM建议方法中最小有效直径（75 mm）的试样测试结果更为稳定;（2）CCNBD试样断裂机制表现为以拉张应力（间接拉伸）作用为主,兼有一定的韧带面内剪切作用的应力状态下I型裂纹扩展模式;（3）V形切槽巴西圆盘方法具有试样加工工艺简单、能承受较大临界载荷、测试的I型断裂韧度值较稳定等优点,但其没有考虑断裂过程区(FPZ)的非线性问题,建议对该方法进行非线性修正图解方案研究,以达到更准确测定岩石断裂韧度的目的。 相似文献
4.
断裂韧度试样CCNBD宽范围应力强度因子标定 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
国际岩石力学学会（ISRM）在1995年提出了一种新型岩石断裂韧度试样--人字形切槽巴西圆盘试样CCNBD,但是,其断裂韧度计算公式中的重要参数（即无量纲应力强度因子的标定）仍存在问题。采用一种新的分片合成方法并结合有限元法,参照ISRM给出的CCNBD试样的尺寸限制,对该范围试样的应力强度因子进行了宽范围的标定,以便在试验中能因地制宜地选用不同几何参数的CCNBD试样。结果表明：分片合成方法的计算值有很高的精度,不但减少了工作量,也使标定的无量纲应力强度因子比现有文献值更加准确、可靠。 相似文献
5.
国际岩石力学学会（ISRM）在1995年提出一种新型的岩石断裂韧度试样--人字形切槽巴西圆盘试样（cracked chevron notched Brazilian disc--CCNBD）,对该试样的一个重要力学参数即最小无量纲应力强度因子的标定,以前的分析和计算都没有考虑切槽宽度的影响。然而试样切槽的宽度受切割刀具厚度所限,不能为零。当试样较小时,切槽宽度则相对较大。通过三维边界元计算分析表明,切槽宽度越大,无量纲应力强度因子的标定值就越大;对于ISRM推荐的CCNBD标准试样,得出其最小无量纲因子值为0.954,这比ISRM给出对应值0.84要大13.6 %。同时,小裂纹应力强度因子曲线的变化趋势也发生了质的变化,这可能会导致实验的失败。推荐最小无量纲应力强度因子的标定采用考虑切槽的三维分析。 相似文献
6.
为了了解砂岩的I/III复合型断裂力学性能,采用含有裂纹面垂直于底面但倾斜于正背面的三点弯曲（TPB）试件实现面外断裂。使用Abaqus通过有限元法研究了不同裂纹面倾斜角下沿着试件厚度的I型、II型与III型无量纲应力强度因子。通过讨论可知,在靠近试件厚度中点处I型与III型无量纲应力强度因子取得较大值,而II型无量纲应力强度因子取得接近于0的可以忽略的极小值,且靠近自由面处的应力强度因子不作考虑。故该种试件可用于测量材料的I/III复合型断裂性能。数值计算结果与常规TPB试件的解析公式及倾斜裂纹面TPB试件的近似计算公式的结果进行对比,证明了数值模拟结果的准确性并讨论了近似公式存在的问题。使用7组共28个该种三点弯曲试件,研究砂岩的I/III复合型断裂特性,结果表明：砂岩的I型与III型临界应力强度因子随着裂纹面倾斜角的增大先增大后减小,但其变化趋势不同;砂岩的I/III复合型等效断裂韧度随着裂纹面倾斜角的增大先增大后减小,在倾斜角接近20°时取得最大值。裂纹扩展时裂纹面将发生扭转,倾斜角θ越大则扭转角度越大。 相似文献
7.
The cracked chevron notched Brazilian disc (CCNBD) specimen has been suggested by International Society for Rock Mechanics for measuring mode I fracture toughness of rocks. Subsequently, this specimen geometry has been widely extended to conduct mixed mode fracture tests on rocks as well. A straight through crack front during the fracturing process upon the root of the chevron notch is assumed in the testing principle, but has never been thoroughly evaluated before. In this study, for the first time, the progressive rock fracture mechanism of the CCNBD rock specimen under mixed mode loading is numerically simulated. Specimens under representative mixed mode loading angles are modelled; and the assumption of the straight through crack front growth is critically assessed. The results show that not only the notch tip but also the saw-cut chevron notch cracks during the experiments, yielding a prominent twisted front, far from being straight. The crack front never grows up to the root of the notch ligament and the straight through crack front assumption is never satisfied in the realistic rock fracture progress of this chevron notched specimen subjected to mixed mode loads. In contrast, the fracture progress features typical three-dimensional wing cracking towards the loading ends. The numerically observed progressive fracture mechanism reveals that the measuring principle of mixed mode fracture tests employing CCNBD specimens is significantly violated and the measures of both modes I and II fracture toughness are uncertain. 相似文献
8.
Summary This paper presents a systematic procedure for determining fracture toughness of an anisotropic marble using the diametral
compression test (Brazilian test) with a central crack on the discs. Additionally, a novel formulation to increase the accuracy
in Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) calculations using Boundary Element Method (BEM) is applied to determine the stress intensity
factors and the fracture toughness of anisotropic rocks under mixed-mode loading. The numerical results show that the SIFs
for both isotropic and anisotropic problems are in good agreement with those reported by previous authors. The marble with
clear white-black foliation from Hualien (in eastern Taiwan), was selected for the Brazilian tests. Diametral loading was
conducted on the Cracked Straight Through Brazilian Disc (CSTBD) specimens to evaluate their fracture toughness. In addition,
a new fracture criterion was developed to predict pure mode I, pure mode II or mixed mode (I–II) fracture toughness of the
anisotropic marble. The new fracture criterion is based on the examination of mode I, mode II and mixed mode (I–II) fracture
toughness for different crack angles and anisotropic orientation.
Authors’ address: Associate Professor Chao-Shi Chen, Department of Resources Engineering, National Cheng Kung University,
No. 1 Dasyue Rd., East District, Tainan 701, Taiwan 相似文献
9.
既有离散元参数敏感性分析大多集中在压缩试验及巴西劈裂试验,对I型断裂韧度 试验细观影响因素及3D破裂过程系统分析的报道较少。采用三维平节理模型（FJM3D）研究微观结构参数及黏结细观参数对不同切槽形状的I型断裂韧度试验的影响。微观结构参数包括晶粒平均半径的平方根 、模型分辨率Ψ和最大/最小晶粒直径 。黏结细观参数包括平均配位数CN、S类型单元比例 、黏结抗拉强度 、黏结内聚力 、摩擦系数 和摩擦角 。参数敏感性分析结果表明, 与 、CN及 正相关,与 、 负相关,而与 、 、 和 无明显的线性关系,此外为获得较低的 波动水平,给出了参数 和 的建议范围。根据参数敏感性分析结果,校核匹配了Kowloon花岗岩直切槽半圆盘（SCB）和人字形切槽半圆盘（CCNSCB）试样的宏观力学性质。从细观角度直观、深入分析不同切槽形状I型断裂韧度试验破裂机制,得出SCB试验曲线的峰前和峰后行为与室内试验更为吻合。 相似文献
10.
基于P-CCNBD试样的岩石动态断裂韧度测试方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
预裂的人字形切槽巴西圆盘(Pre-cracked chevron notched Brazilian disc,简称P-CCNBD)是将人字形切槽巴西圆盘(cracked chevron notched Brazilian disc,简称CCNBD)的切槽尖端再稍加切削制成直裂纹前沿的试样。利用霍普金森压杆对P-CCNBD砂岩试样进行径向冲击,完成I型动态断裂试验后再做数值分析得到岩石的动态断裂韧度。为了验证数值模拟的可靠性,先进行了无限平面中一条有限尺寸裂纹表面受冲击拉伸作用的动态有限元分析,结果表明,数值模拟的结果与Shi得到的结果非常吻合。将试验-数值法和他人的准静态法分别确定的砂岩的动态起裂韧度进行对比,两种方法得到的结果有一定的差异。采用试验-数值法,将比较成熟的直裂纹巴西圆盘(cracked straight-through Brazilian disc,简称CSTBD)和P-CCNBD两种试样测得的结果进行对比,两者吻合较好。得到的动态起裂韧度都有随着加载率的增加而增大的加载率效应。分析了准静态法的缺陷,认为试验-数值法得到的结果更为合理。 相似文献
11.
动载确定方法对岩石动态断裂韧度测试的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了考察不同方法确定的动态载荷对测试岩石动态断裂韧度的影响,在SHPB压杆系统上动态冲击直径80 mm的大理岩圆孔裂缝平台巴西圆盘,获得了弹性压杆上的应力波形,间接计算得到3种不同的作用在圆盘端部的动态载荷。将载荷输入ANSYS动态有限元模型中,求得了相应的动态应力强度因子,并根据试验-数值分析方法确定了岩石的动态断裂韧度测试值。结果表明,在加载速率约为4.0×104 MPa•m1/2/s的条件下,采用三波法确定的大理岩的平均动态断裂韧度为 3.92 MPa•m1/2,采用一波法比三波法计算的结果偏低11.22%,采用二波法比三波法计算的结果偏高20.15%,3种方法得到的结果差异较大。应力波在传播过程中,通过圆盘表面和预制裂缝面发生散射,部分能量不断发生释放是造成圆盘试件两端加载载荷不相等的主要原因。三波法是3种方法中比较理想的动态载荷确定方法,但需要考察试件的动态应力平衡性。 相似文献
12.
国际岩石力学学会建议了4种岩石I型断裂韧度（KIC）测试方法。将建议方法的人字形切槽巴西圆盘试样与直切槽半圆盘试样结合,可以得到具有诸多优点的人字形切槽半圆盘（CCNSCB）三点弯曲试样。近年来,CCNSCB方法受到许多关注,然而,其渐进破坏过程却尚未进行有效的评估。为此,对其进行了数值研究,其内容包括：进行细观损伤力学模拟,直观展现CCNSCB试样渐进断裂过程;考虑不同支撑跨距与直径之比（ ）的影响,发现 愈大,愈加符合测试原理,建议 取0.8;采用有限元子模型技术对CCNSCB方法（ 0.8）中计算KIC的关键参数-临界无量纲应力强度因子（ ）进行了宽范围标定,可供相关研究直接查取;细观损伤力学模拟峰值力对应的临界裂纹与有限元标定 对应的临界裂纹较为一致,证明CCNSCB方法测试原理的合理性,以及数值模拟与 标定结果的有效性。 相似文献
13.
岩石断裂韧度表征其抵抗裂纹起裂和扩展的能力,作为其力学性能的一个重要指标,在岩石力学理论研究与岩体工程应用中有着不可替代的作用。由于岩石结构的复杂性,其破坏形式大多呈现为复合型断裂破坏,研究复合型加载条件下岩石断裂韧度具有重要的意义。为了研究锈岩的断裂力学性能,以便其在建筑工业中得到更为广泛的应用,通过18个中心裂纹圆盘（CSTBD）试件径向受压试验,进行了复合型加载条件下锈岩断裂韧度的试验研究。测得了锈岩在纯I型,纯II型以及复合型加载时的断裂韧度,并将试验结果与基于广义最大周向应力（GMTS）准则的理论值进行了对比分析,结果表明：锈岩的纯I型断裂韧度为1.01 MPa?m0.5,而纯II型断裂韧度为1.51 MPa?m0.5,是纯I型断裂韧度的1.49倍,这与基于GMTS准则的理论值1.34非常接近,而比基于最大周向应力（MTS）准则的理论值0.87大很多。裂纹尖端附近的T应力及断裂过程区裂纹尖端的临界距离rc对岩石类材料的开裂路径以及复合型断裂韧度都有较大的影响。考虑了T应力的广义最大周向应力（GMTS）准则能很好的预测试验结果。 相似文献
14.
基于Drucker-Prager（下简称D-P）准则,建立压缩载荷作用下的非贯通节理岩石的弹塑性断裂模型。针对节理岩石小范围屈服翼裂纹尖端塑性区,推导了D-P屈服准则的纯I、纯II及I、II复合型3种翼裂纹无量纲塑性区径长函数,并与Mises准则的塑性区进行对比;结果表明,D-P准则的I型和复合型塑性区较Mises屈服准则的塑性区大,且其II型及I、II复合型塑性区在翼裂纹上下表面不连续。进一步,引入断裂软化因子以表征节理岩石裂隙断裂扩展后的断裂软化规律,考虑非贯通节理岩石复合型断裂软化,是由于节理尖端翼裂纹应变能密度超过最小应变能密度导致其成核扩展引起的,提出用应变能密度的指数函数形式表征断裂软化变量的演化;塑性屈服函数采用Borja等的应力张量3个不变量的硬化/软化函数,反映塑性内变量及应力状态对硬化函数的影响;建立节理岩石的弹塑性断裂本构关系及其数值算法,并用回映隐式积分算法编制了弹塑性断裂模型的程序。以单轴压缩下非贯通节理岩石为例,分析岩石断裂韧度、节理摩擦系数和节理倾角等参数的影响,结果表明,所提出的弹塑性断裂模型与数值和试验结果比较吻合。 相似文献
15.
ISRM-Suggested Method for Determining the Mode I Static Fracture Toughness Using Semi-Circular Bend Specimen 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
M. D. Kuruppu Y. Obara M. R. Ayatollahi K. P. Chong T. Funatsu 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(1):267-274
The International Society for Rock Mechanics has so far developed two standard methods for the determination of static fracture toughness of rock. They used three different core-based specimens and tests were to be performed on a typical laboratory compression or tension load frame. Another method to determine the mode I fracture toughness of rock using semi-circular bend specimen is herein presented. The specimen is semi-circular in shape and made from typical cores taken from the rock with any relative material directions noted. The specimens are tested in three-point bending using a laboratory compression test instrument. The failure load along with its dimensions is used to determine the fracture toughness. Most sedimentary rocks which are layered in structure may exhibit fracture properties that depend on the orientation and therefore measurements in more than one material direction may be necessary. The fracture toughness measurements are expected to yield a size-independent material property if certain minimum specimen size requirements are satisfied. 相似文献
16.
Mixed mode fracture experiments were conducted on Harsin marble using two disc-shape samples namely the Brazilian disc (BD)
and the semi-circular bend (SCB) specimens. For each specimen, a complete fracture toughness envelope ranging from pure mode
I to pure mode II was obtained. The experimental results indicate that the mixed mode fracture toughness depends on the geometry
and loading conditions such that for any similar mode mixture, the BD test data were significantly greater than the SCB fracture
toughness results. Therefore, the conventional fracture criteria which present a unique mixed mode fracture curve, fail to
predict the test results. It is shown that a generalized criterion, which takes into account the effects of geometry and loading
conditions, is able to provide individual fracture curves for theses specimens with very good estimates for the test results
obtained from both BD and SCB specimens. The BD and SCB specimens can be suggested as appropriate specimens for obtaining
typical upper bound and lower bound envelopes for mixed mode fracture toughness of rocks. 相似文献
17.
In this paper, the effects of specimen size and geometry on the apparent mode I fracture toughness (K c) of an Iranian white marble (Neyriz) are studied. A number of fracture tests were conducted on center-cracked circular disk (CCCD) specimens with different radii to investigate the size effects on K c. The experimental results demonstrate that the apparent fracture toughness increases in bigger specimens. In order to explain the experimental results, the modified maximum tangential stress (MMTS) criterion is used, where higher order terms of the Williams’ series expansion are included in the maximum tangential stress criterion. It is shown that the MMTS criterion provides good estimates for the apparent fracture toughness of Neyriz marble, obtained from fracture tests of edge-cracked triangular specimens. It is, therefore, concluded that the proposed criterion is able to account for the size and geometry effects on the fracture resistance of rocks simultaneously. 相似文献
18.
Mixed mode crack propagation in low brittle rock-like materials 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Abdolhadi Ghazvinian Hamid Reza Nejati Vahab Sarfarazi Mir Raouf Hadei 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(11):4435-4444
Mixed mode fracture is quite common in rock structures. Numerous investigators have used the Brazilian disk specimens with a central crack for investigating modes I, II, and mixed fracture toughness in brittle materials. In this study, analytical, experimental, and numerical investigations were planned and performed on Central Straight Through Crack Brazilian Disk (CSCBD) specimens. Ranking of geometrical parameters effective on the value of stress intensity factors (SIFs) of CSCBD specimens were obtained using stochastic analysis. Furthermore, experimental tests were undertaken in order to evaluate the crack propagation in rock-like material of low brittleness. Finally, numerical modeling was performed to assess the effect of crack length on the failure mode of CSCBD specimens. Analytical analyses revealed that the inclination angle of the crack with respect to the diametrical load has the most important impact on the SIFs among the geometrical parameters of CSCBD specimen. Performed experimental and numerical analyses also confirmed the effect of inclination angle and crack length and their impact on the mode of failure of the tested specimen. 相似文献
19.
针对含边缘裂缝之砂岩试体受反平面剪力情形进行了III型断裂韧度量测试验,搭配相关所推导之理论公式求取砂岩III型断裂韧度。研究试验条件为无围压及单轴荷重加载下进行III型断裂试验,且针对试体受高温后之性质改变为变量条件加以探讨。研究结果表明,以该方式进行III型断裂韧度之量测,为可靠且稳定;砂岩经历温度在200 ℃前,试体III型断裂韧度会提升,之后呈现下降,到600 ℃,下降趋于平缓;随着烧结温度的提升,单压强度、动态杨氏模量、动态泊松比与III型断裂韧度皆有下降之趋势,且试体出现熔融样态,表面出现明显微裂纹。 相似文献
20.
页岩力学各向异性特征是地应力、井壁稳定、水力裂缝扩展相关研究的重要基础参数。针对页岩力学各向异性宏观测试中存在样品制取困难、制样成功率低的特点,采用来源丰富的钻井岩屑或破碎岩块,通过研究纳米压痕实验原理、实验方法和数据解释方法,采用连续刚度测试方法对平行层理和垂直层理的页岩试样进行纳米压痕测试;基于硬度的分类准则将纳米压痕数据分为三类主要矿物基质进行合理解释,采用接触刚度法计算硬度、杨氏模量,采用能量法计算断裂韧性,得出了页岩粘土基质的杨氏模量、硬度和断裂韧性。测试结果表明这种基于硬度的分类准则处理纳米压痕数据是方便合理的。页岩粘土基质力学特性在纳米尺度上具有各向异性,纳米尺度力学参数与层理方向相关。页岩不同力学参数的各向异性表现不同,杨氏模量各向异性较弱,断裂韧性各向异性较强。平行层理方向断裂韧性为垂直层理方向断裂韧性的80%。 相似文献