青海湖水量平衡分析与水资源优化配置研究   总被引：18，自引：4，他引：14  

燕华云  贾绍风 《湖泊科学》2003,15(1):35-40

在充分收集有关资料的基础上研究青海湖1959-2000年间降水径流蒸发湖泊水位地下水补给量的动态变化建立水量平衡分析方程.青海湖水位在波动中持续下降42年来年平均水位累计下降了 3.32 m平均每年下降了0.079 m近年来下降的幅度减小. 同时青海湖储水量不断减少而湖区降水呈增加的趋势河川径流量地下水的入湖补给量 蒸发量呈现下降的趋势. 根据青海湖水平衡分析计算结果预测2010年青海湖流域耗水量将达1.27108m3为维护生态平衡和社会经济持续发展需要跨流域调水量引大济湖4.1108m3.  相似文献   

基于水平衡模型的呼伦湖湖泊水量变化   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

王志杰  李畅游  张生  贾克力  李卫平 《湖泊科学》2012,24(5):667-674

针对北方寒旱区呼伦湖水位下降、水面萎缩的现象,根据气候特征,利用月水量平衡模型探究湖泊水文过程并揭示其变化规律.在此基础上,利用不同气候条件下各水平衡项对于湖泊水位的影响程度确定水位升降的直接原因.基于1963-1980年间水位的实测数据,根据水量平衡原理及其他辅助计算判断出湖泊与周边区域存在着地下水的交换,且具有一定的规律性,即历年11月至次年3月期间的累积降雪融化渗入土壤中形成浅层径流补给湖泊,而7、8月份湖泊补给周边草原.基于以上规律,根据周边坡面汇流、地下水与湖泊交换量的年内变化特征,利用水平衡方程式推算湖泊1981-2008年逐月水位变化,并与其他研究成果比较,吻合度较高.不同气候条件下,径流量对于湖泊水位的影响程度最为突出,是水位变化的主控因子.  相似文献   

基于Landsat与Sentinel-3A卫星数据的当惹雍错1988-2018年湖泊水位-水量变化及归因     

王文种  黄对  刘九夫  刘宏伟  王欢 《湖泊科学》2020,32(5):1552-1563

湖泊变化是气候变化的指示器.为探索利用单一短时间尺度的卫星水位数据源估算长时间序列的湖泊水量变化的可行性,本文利用短时间尺度（2016—2018年） Sentinel-3A合成孔径雷达高度计（SRAL）作为唯一卫星水位数据源,以藏北高原内陆湖泊当惹雍错为例,结合基于Landsat光学遥感数据提取的1988—2018年的湖泊面积,综合分析2016—2018年间的非结冰期遥感湖泊面积与遥感湖泊水位变化,基于该时段范围的水位变化-面积变化关系和水量估算公式,估算1988—2018年湖泊水位水量变化与2001—2018年的年内变化,并结合GLDAS产品数据与雪线变化情况初步探讨湖泊变化的可能原因.结果表明：当惹雍错近30年湖泊面积扩张明显,湖泊水位、水量增加显著,相比1988年,2018年的湖泊面积、水位、水量分别增加21.1 km²、5.29 m、44.75亿m³.其中1988—1998年湖泊面积-水位-水量有所减少,2000—2018年间湖泊变化总体呈增加趋势.2001—2018年内湖泊面积、水位、水量变化呈现干湿季特征.1996—2014/2015年湖泊水量变化为38.3亿/35.5亿m³,水量变化趋势、变化量与以往对应时间段的研究结果具有较强的一致性.湖泊面积扩张主要发生在水下地形平缓的东南部和中西部区域.结合气候因素与雪线变化的分析表明,湖泊水量变化受降雨、气温影响复杂,长时间年际尺度上的湖泊水量增长与气温的一致性较降水量强,湖泊湿季受降水量与气温的影响都较大,其中2008—2018年的湿季降水量、气温与水量变化散点拟合的确定性系数R²分别为0.613、0.845.该研究表明Sentinel-3A合成孔径雷达数据在湖泊水量变化估算上的潜力,为利用单一且只具有短时段数据的卫星雷达数据估算长时间序列湖泊水量变化提供依据.  相似文献   

全球变化下青藏高原湖泊在地表水循环中的作用   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

朱立平  彭萍  张国庆  乔宝晋  刘翀  杨瑞敏  王君波 《湖泊科学》2020,32(3):597-608

青藏高原是地球上最重要的高海拔地区之一,对全球变化具有敏感响应.青藏高原作为"亚洲水塔",其地表水资源及其变化对高原本身及周边地区的经济社会发展具有重要的影响.然而,在气候变暖的情况下,构成高原地表水资源的各个组分,如冰川、湖泊、河流、降水等水体的相变及其转化却鲜为人知.湖泊是青藏高原地表水体相变和水循环的关键环节.湖泊面积、水位和水量对西风和印度季风的降水变化非常敏感,但湖泊面积和水量变化在不同区域和时段的响应也不尽相同.湖泊水温对气候变暖具有明显响应,湖泊水温和水下温跃层深度的变化能够对水—气的热量交换具有明显影响,从而影响了区域蒸发和降水等水循环过程.由于湖泊水量增加,高原中部色林错地区湖泊盐度自1970s以来普遍下降.根据60多个湖泊实地监测建立的遥感反演模型研究发现,2000—2019年湖泊透明度普遍升高.对不同补给类型的大湖水量平衡监测发现,影响湖泊变化的气象和水文要素具有较大差异.在目前的暖湿气候条件下,青藏高原的湖泊将会持续扩张.为了深入认识湖泊变化在青藏高原区域水循环和气候变化中的作用,需要全面了解湖泊水量赋存及连续的时间序列变化,需要深入了解湖泊理化参数变化及对湖泊大气之间热量交换的影响,需要更多来自大湖流域的综合连续观测数据.  相似文献   

关于湖泊沉积物磷释放及其测定方法的雏议   总被引：21，自引：5，他引：16  

李文朝  尹澄清  陈开宁  吴庆龙  潘继征 《湖泊科学》1999,11(4):296-303

湖水位下降是近期我国西北地区湖泊一种普遍现象,由于该地区湖泊多属闭合流域,湖泊水位下降往往导致湖水浓缩咸化,进而给湖体及湖周带来一系列的生态环境问题,本文根据近几十年来岱海的湖区气候,湖泊集水域的入湖径流特征分析,以及湖泊水量平衡计算,分辨出１９５５－１９９５年３．８５ｍ,的水位降幅中,人为影响的贡献为３．１７ｍ,占８２％,自然因素的贡献为０．６８ｍ,占１８％,说明岱海湖水位下降主要是集水域内人类  相似文献   

近50a中国东部和西部湖区水量空间变化趋势   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

黄智华  薛滨  逄勇 《湖泊科学》2007,19(5):497-503

基于近代湖泊水量(水位、水深和面积)记录,对近50 a中国东部和西部湖区水量的空间变化趋势进行半定量研究.结果表明:整体上看,20世纪80年代以前,东部湖区水量呈现波动变化而西部湖区水量基本趋于减少;80年代以后东部和西部湖区水量均表现为不同程度的增加.其中,20世纪50年代,东部和西部湖区水量状况基本相似,均保持高湖面特征.20世纪60年代,东部湖区水量有所减少但幅度不明显,而西部湖区以中高水量为主.20世纪70年代,不同区域湖泊基本都保持中湖面特征.20世纪80年代,东部湖区水量呈增加趋势而西部湖区水量相对70年代略有减少.20世纪90年代,东部和西部湖区水量均表现为增加趋势.进一步研究发现,最近50 a来中国不同区域湖泊水量发生变化除了气候因素的驱动外,人类活动的影响也是不可忽视的.  相似文献   

抚仙湖北部沉水植被演变规律及其生态指示意义(1987—2020年)     

朱可欣  王荣 《湖泊科学》2022,34(6):2016-2024

抚仙湖有近210亿m³的优质淡水资源,具有重要战略价值,但是近年来出现水质退化的现象.沉水植被是湖泊生态系统功能维持的重要生物门类,其演变过程能反映和影响整个生态系统的变化,目前还缺乏对抚仙湖沉水植被长期连续地观测记录.本文基于Landsat遥感数据分析了抚仙湖北部沉水植被面积的动态变化,结合气候变化和水质水文要素分析发现：抚仙湖北部湖区沉水植物在1987—2020年间存在先减少后增加的变化趋势;1987—1995年,沉水植物分布面积约占北部湖区面积的1.64%;1996—2010年北部湖区沉水植被分布面积缩减,湖泊处于高水位低营养状态,水位上升是此时期沉水植物面积减少的主要原因;2011—2020年,水位降低,营养增加,营养和水位的共同作用导致抚仙湖北部湖区沉水植物面积显著增加.沉水植物覆盖度变化伴随着沉水植被以苦草为优势种群转为以穗花狐尾藻为优势种群,沉水植被结构转向耐污染性更强的属种.通过抚仙湖北部湖区沉水植被发育与营养、水位等驱动因子的关系分析,建议现阶段需要严格限制入湖氮磷排放,强化水生植被的长期动态监测,构建水量、水质、水生态一体化监测体系,并开展抚仙湖生态系统演变的模拟和预测,防止抚仙湖生态系统出现突变,以维持抚仙湖生态系统功能多样性.  相似文献   

巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊水分补给机制的模拟——以苏木吉林湖区为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张竞  王旭升  胡晓农  卢会婷  马震 《湖泊科学》2017,29(2):467-479

巴丹吉林沙漠气候干旱,蒸发强烈,与之形成鲜明对比的是沙漠腹地湖泊群的长久不衰,目前对于湖泊水分的补给来源仍存在争议.本文以水量均衡为基础,在苏木吉林湖区开展了降水、蒸发及湖水位和地下水位的动态监测,结合已有的水文地质资料建立地下水流动三维模型,重现湖区地下水位的季节动态变化,并基于模型进行水均衡分析.结果表明:苏木吉林湖区降水入渗补给量不足以平衡湖泊蒸发量,湖泊需要深层承压水的越流补给;湖水位和地下水位均呈现正弦曲线形态,11月最低,4月达到峰值,水位变幅分别为22和18 cm;湖区地下水多年平均总补给量为11620 m3/d,其中降水和承压水越流分别约占13%和87%,降水补给量夏季高、冬季低,承压水越流补给量季节变化不明显;承压水越流补给量可能主要来源于沙漠周边山区降水,未发现明显的水量亏空需要断裂导水来弥补.研究结果为巴丹吉林沙漠地下水资源分析及合理利用提供科学依据.  相似文献   

基于遥感的鄱阳湖湖区蒸散特征及环境要素影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵晓松  刘元波  吴桂平 《湖泊科学》2013,25(3):428-436

蒸散是湖泊湿地生态系统水循环的重要组成部分,研究湖区地表蒸散量的时空变化对了解鄱阳湖湖区水量平衡关系具有重要意义.本研究基于MODIS数据,应用地面温度-植被指数三角关系法反演2000-2009年鄱阳湖湖区的实际蒸散量,分析湖区蒸散的时空分布特征及主要气象因子对流域蒸散的影响.结果表明:2000-2009年鄱阳湖湖区年蒸散量在685~921 mm之间,平均年蒸散量为797 mm,最大蒸散量出现在2004年.2000-2009年多年平均水体蒸发量为1107 mm,高于湖区植被蒸散量(774 mm).湖区汇水区域中蒸散量占降水的平均比例为55%,是水量平衡的主要支出项,径流系数约为0.45.湖区蒸散主要受辐射和气温的影响,月蒸散量与气温呈显著的指数相关,2007年蒸散量对温度的关系最为敏感.降水量距平与蒸散量距平的关系除2007年呈显著负相关外,其他年份相关性不显著.鄱阳湖湿地蒸散与湖泊水域面积总体呈正相关,但在水文干旱严重的2006年,当水域面积<30%时,蒸散速率随水域面积增加而减小.  相似文献   

我国湖泊水文学研究进展与展望     

张奇  刘元波  姚静  赖锡军  李相虎  吴桂平  黄群  孙占东  张丹  李云良  谭志强  刘星根 《湖泊科学》2020,32(5):1360-1379

湖泊是地球表层水体的重要组成部分,在区域社会经济发展和生物多样性保护等方面发挥着不可替代的作用.气候变化和高强度的水资源开发利用等,导致湖泊物理、化学特性在时空格局上发生显著的变化,引起一系列的社会、环境、气候等响应.湖泊水文学研究湖泊水文要素及其时空变化特征、平衡关系与变化规律,在水文过程演变与归因解析、湖泊洪旱发生机理与调控、湖泊资源评估与可持续利用等方面,解决了众多理论和实践问题,为区域发展提供了强大支撑.本文评述了近50年来我国湖泊水文学的发展与研究进展,重点阐述湖泊水量平衡与水量变化、湖泊水动力与水文过程调蓄、湖泊极端水文事件成因、湖泊水文遥感反演等方面的研究进展,展望了湖泊水文学的未来发展趋势.  相似文献   

Analysis of the hydrological response of a tropical terminal lake,Lake Abiyata (Main Ethiopian Rift Valley) to changes in climate and human activities     

Dagnachew Legesse  Christine Vallet‐Coulomb  Franoise Gasse 《水文研究》2004,18(3):487-504

Integrated dynamic water and chloride balance models with a catchment‐scale hydrological model (PRMS) are used to investigate the response of a terminal tropical lake, Lake Abiyata, to climate variability and water use practices in its catchment. The hydrological model is used to investigate the response of the catchment to different climate and land‐use change scenarios that are incorporated into the lake model. Lake depth–area–volume relationships were established from lake bathymetries. Missing data in the time series were filled using statistical regression techniques. Based on mean monthly data, the lake water balance model produced a good agreement between the simulated and observed levels of Lake Abiyata for the period 1968–83. From 1984 onwards the simulated lake level is overestimated with respect to the observed one, while the chloride concentration is largely underestimated. This discrepancy is attributed to human use of water from the influent rivers or directly from the lake. The simulated lake level and chloride concentration are in better agreement with observed values (r² = 0·96) when human water use for irrigation and salt exploitation are included in the model. A comparison of the simulation with and without human consumption indicates that climate variability controls the interannual fluctuations and that the human water use affects the equilibrium of the system by strongly reducing the lake level. Sensitivity analysis based on a mean climatic year showed that, after prolonged mean climatic conditions, Lake Abiyata reacts more rapidly to an abrupt shift to wetter conditions than to dry conditions. This study shows the significant sensitivity of the level and salinity of the terminal Lake Abiyata to small changes in climate or land use, making it a very good ‘recorder’ of environmental changes that may occur in the catchment at different time scales. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Modeling Water and Salt Balance of Bol’shoe Yashaltinskoe Lake     

A. V. Frolov  T. Yu. Vyruchalkina  S. G. Sarkisyan 《Water Resources》2018,45(3):318-325

This article is the first to give morphometric and bathymetric relationships for Bol’shoe Yashaltinskoe Lake, derived by processing expedition data. A bathymetric map of the lake is constructed. A method is proposed for modeling lake water balance and water salinity based on geographic analogy and an algorithm for constructing a stochastic vector autoregression process. Realizations of the simulated series of lake water balance components and water salinity variations over 1000 years with a monthly step are constructed.  相似文献   

Effects of the Three Gorges Reservoir on the hydrological droughts at the downstream Yichang station during 2003–2011     

Shuai Li  Lihua Xiong  Leihua Dong  Jun Zhang 《水文研究》2013,27(26):3981-3993

Since the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) was put into operation in June 2003, the effects of the TGR on downstream hydrology and water resources have become the focus of public attention. This article examines the effects of the TGR on the hydrological droughts at the downstream Yichang hydrological station during 2003–2011. The two‐parameter monthly water balance model was used to generate the monthly discharges at the Yichang station for the period of 2003–2011 to represent the unregulated flow regime and thus to provide a comparison benchmark for the observed flow series at the Yichang station after the operation of the TGR. To provide a reference series for the observed monthly discharge series of the entire study period of 1951–2011, we constructed the naturalized monthly discharge series at the Yichang station by joining the observed monthly discharge at the Yichang station for the period of 1951–2002 and the two‐parameter monthly water balance simulated monthly runoff at the Yichang station for the period of 2003–2011. For both the observed and naturalized monthly discharge series of 1951–2011, the hydrological drought index series were calculated using the standardized streamflow index method. By comparing the drought indices of these two monthly discharge series, we investigated the effects of the TGR on the hydrological droughts at the downstream Yichang station during 2003–2011. The results show that the hydrological droughts at the downstream Yichang station are slightly aggravated by the TGR's initial operation from 2003 to 2011. The river flow reduction at the Yichang station after impoundment of the TGR might account for the downstream drought aggravation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Hydrological impacts of climate change predicted for an inland lake catchment in Ontario by using monthly water balance analyses     

Huaxia Yao  Lem Scott  Christiane Guay  Peter Dillon 《水文研究》2009,23(16):2368-2382

Potential hydrological impacts of climate change on long‐term water balances were analysed for Harp Lake and its catchment. Harp Lake is located in the boreal ecozone of Ontario, Canada. Two climate change scenarios were used. One was based on extrapolation of long‐term trends of monthly temperature and precipitation from a 129‐year data record, and another was based on a Canadian general circulation model (GCM) predictions. A monthly water balance model was calibrated using 26 years of hydrological and meteorological data, and the model was used to calculate hydrological impact under two climate change scenarios. The first scenario with a warmer and wetter climate predicted a smaller magnitude of change than the second scenario. The first scenario showed an increase in evaporation each month, an increase in catchment runoff in summer, fall and winter, but a decrease in spring, resulting in a slight increase in lake level. Annual runoff and lake level would increase because the precipitation change overrides evaporation change. The second scenario with a warmer, drier climate predicted a greater change, and indicated that evaporation would increase each month, runoff would increase in many months, but would decrease in spring, causing the lake level to decrease slightly. Annual runoff and lake level would decrease because evaporation change overrides precipitation change. In both scenarios, the water balance changes in winter and spring are pronounced. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Application of a spreadsheet hydrological model for computing the long-term water balance of Lake Awassa,Ethiopia     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(3):418-431

Abstract

The water balance of the closed freshwater Lake Awassa was estimated using a spreadsheet hydrological model based on long-term monthly hydrometeorological data. The model uses monthly evaporation, river discharge and precipitation data as input. The net groundwater flux is obtained from model simulation as a residual of other water balance components. The result revealed that evaporation, precipitation, and runoff constitute 131, 106 and 83 × 10⁶ m³ of the annual water balance of the lake, respectively. The annual net groundwater outflow from the lake to adjacent basins is 58 × 10⁶ m³. The simulated and recorded lake levels fit well for much of the simulation period (1981–1999). However, for recent years, the simulated and recorded levels do not fit well. This may be explained in terms of the combined effects of land-use change and neotectonism, which have affected the long-term average water balance. With detailed long-term hydrogeological and meteorological data, investigation of the subsurface hydrodynamics, and including the effect of land-use change and tectonism on surface water and groundwater fluxes, the water balance model can be used efficiently for water management practice. The result of this study is expected to play a positive role in future sustainable use of water resources in the catchment.  相似文献   

乌伦古湖水体矿化度和氟化物浓度的年际变化及模拟     

仝利红  刘英俊  张硕  刘晓伟  贾其萃  黄跃飞  倪广恒  卢文洲 《湖泊科学》2022,34(1):134-141

为研究乌伦古湖矿化度和氟化物浓度与各水量因子间的定量关系,本研究以水量平衡和物质平衡为基础,把影响湖水水质的原因分为降雨、蒸发、河流补给、地下水补给以及地下水流出5个水量因子,定量分析湖水矿化度和氟化物浓度与各水量因子之间的关系,并且预测了湖水矿化度和氟化物浓度的动态变化.结果表明,地下水输出流量决定了湖水中矿化度和氟化物浓度,地下水输出流量越大,湖水中的矿化度和氟化物浓度越小.2010年至今乌伦古湖水位的升高导致了地下水输出流量增大,乌伦古湖内的矿化度和氟化物浓度均呈缓慢下降趋势,模型预测新的稳态下湖水中矿化度为1.68 g/L,氟化物浓度为1.70 mg/L,在地下水输出流量不变的情况下达到新的稳态所需时间大约为50 a.  相似文献   

呼伦湖鱼类群落结构及其渔业资源变化   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

毛志刚  谷孝鸿  曾庆飞 《湖泊科学》2016,28(2):387-394

根据2014-2015年在呼伦湖进行的鱼类资源拖网调查,结合历年渔业捕捞资料,分析该水域的鱼类群落结构及渔业资源发展趋势.结果表明:本次调查共采获鱼类21种,隶属4目6科21属,其中鲤形目种类最多,占总数的81.0%;群落优势种为贝氏(Hemiculter bleekeri)、红鳍原鲌(Cultrichthys erythropterus)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)和瓦氏雅罗鱼(Leuciscus waleckii),鱼类群落的丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和均匀度指数均偏低.东部、西部湖区间的鱼类群落组成存在一定差异,其中西部湖区的鱼类物种数量较少,但大中型鱼类比例及生物多样性较高.与历史资料相比,呼伦湖鱼类的物种数量下降,优势种组成发生较大变化,鱼类个体小型化趋势明显,而捕捞强度过大、湖泊富营养化加剧及气候水文条件变化是导致呼伦湖渔业资源衰退的主要因素.  相似文献   

Effects of land-use/cover change on hydrological processes using a GIS/RS-based integrated hydrological model: case study of the East River,China     

Kai Wang  Yongqin David Chen  Vijay P. Singh 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(10):1724-1738

Abstract

An integrated model, combining a surface energy balance system, an LAI-based interception model and a distributed monthly water balance model, was developed to predict hydrological impacts of land-use/land-cover change (LUCC) in the East River basin, China, with the aid of GIS/RS. The integrated model is a distributed model that not only accounts for spatial variations in basin terrain, rainfall and soil moisture, but also considers spatial and temporal variation of vegetation cover and evapotranspiration (ET), in particular, thus providing a powerful tool for investigating the hydrological impact of LUCC. The model was constructed using spatial data on topography, soil types and vegetation characteristics together with time series of precipitation from 170 stations in the basin. The model was calibrated and validated based on river discharge data from three stations in the basin for 21 years. The calibration and validation results suggested that the model is suitable for application in the basin. The results show that ET has a positive relationship with LAI (leaf area index), while runoff has a negative relationship with LAI in the same climatic zone that can be described by the surface energy balance and water balance equation. It was found that deforestation would cause an increase in annual runoff and a decrease in annual ET in southern China. Monthly runoff for different land-cover types was found to be inversely related to ET. Also, for most of the scenarios, and particularly for grassland and cropland, the most significant changes occurred in the rainy season, indicating that deforestation would cause a significant increase in monthly runoff in that season in the East River basin. These results are important for water resources management and environmental change monitoring.