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1.
皱纹盘鲍是我国重要的增养殖贝类,近年来养殖产量增长迅速,但现有养殖群体仍存在抗逆性不足、底播增养殖低效等问题。个体身份的标记技术对于皱纹盘鲍人工选育中谱系记录,以及对于底播增殖效果的精准评估等均具有重要作用。采用金属挂片和塑料黏贴标签两种标记方法,比较了标记后皱纹盘鲍生理、生长存活、标记脱落率及被敌害捕食死亡等方面的差异。研究结果表明,与塑料黏贴标签标记和无标记对照相比,金属挂片标记对皱纹盘鲍标记早期生理包括出现黏液时间、心率变化等产生显著影响,对小规格皱纹盘鲍(壳长<3 cm)造成生长下降、死亡率高等影响,而对大规格皱纹盘鲍(壳长>3 cm)标记生成60 d后长时期的生长、存活以及逃避敌害均无显著影响;塑料黏贴标签标记方法与无标记对照组相比,均未对皱纹盘鲍造成显著影响。验证了皱纹盘鲍个体水平下两种标记方法的有效性及适用性,特别是对大规格苗种标记后生长、存活等性状无显著影响。研究结果将为皱纹盘鲍人工选育以及底播增养殖等工作提供有益指导。 相似文献
2.
以皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai Ino)中国群体与日本群体的杂交(WJ)子1代为母本,在汕头养殖并选育了3代的“S”群体为父本,建立三元杂交组合(WJ-S)并尝试了海区围堰全生态模式养殖。以同期繁育的皱纹盘鲍中国群体与日本群体的杂交子1代(WJ-F1)为对照,比较 WJ-S 与对照组在生长速度和存活率等方面的差异。结果表明,在苗种和养成阶段, WJ-S 的度夏存活率均显著高于同期对照;从围口壳幼体到养成阶段, WJ-S组的平均壳长大于同期对照,养成阶段WJ-S组的全湿重显著高于对照,表明皱纹盘鲍三元杂交子代的生长速度显著高于对照;从苗种到养成阶段的3次分选数据表明, WJ-S的大规格子代比例均高于对照,小规格苗种比率则低于对照,表明三元杂交鲍苗种的生长速度优于对照;在青岛崂山海区全生态养殖18个月,三元杂交组已达商品规格。上述结果表明,在二元杂交的基础上加入第三方亲本 S 制备的三元杂交皱纹盘鲍,在生长速度、夏季高水温期的存活率等方面都较皱纹盘鲍“中-日”杂交子代显著提高。 相似文献
3.
本研究以皱纹盘鲍3日龄幼虫为实验材料,开展不同运输水体温度和幼虫密度对运输后幼虫存活率和变态率影响的研究。实验采用双因子实验设计,设置3个温度梯度(分别13、16和20℃),每一温度梯度下设置4个幼虫运输密度梯度(分别为50、100、150和200个幼虫/ml),共12个实验处理,每个处理均设置3个重复组;同时研究了高密度幼虫运输条件下水体溶氧的变化。实验结果表明温度因子、密度因子以及两者的交互作用均对皱纹盘鲍幼虫的存活率和附着率有极显著影响(P0.001),且多重比较表明在条件为水温为16℃,密度为150幼虫/ml下,是最适宜皱纹盘鲍幼虫的运输。本实验同时揭示12 h运输时间内皱纹盘鲍3日龄幼虫具备能耐受低氧水体环境能力(溶解氧DO2 mg/L)。本研究为皱纹盘鲍异地采苗、人工养殖提供参考,也在皱纹盘鲍幼虫增殖放流等领域具有应用价值。 相似文献
4.
皱纹盘鲍三倍体生长的初步研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
将用低温休克法和细胞松弛素B诱导法,获得的皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai Ino)三倍体诱导群与二倍体的个体,在室内同样条件下饲育,对其生长情况进行了比较,结果表明:(1)三倍体与二倍体的当年稚鲍在壳长和体重的增长上无明显差异。(2)三倍体与二倍体的2龄鲍,在第二年前期生长无明显差异,但从第二年后期开始,三倍体的壳长、体重增长逐渐优于二倍体。(3)统计学分析表明,三倍体与二倍体的3龄鲍在体重、软体部和足肌的增长方面,存在着明显差异。(4)在室内饲育19个月的鲍,三倍体诱导群的壳长比二倍体大10.2％,体重比二倍体大20.1％,足肌湿重比二倍体大17.6％。 相似文献
5.
皱纹盘鲍是我国重要的渔业资源,其地理群体也是我国重要的鲍种质资源来源。不同地理群体间形态及相对生长的差异对皱纹盘鲍资源管理和种质资源鉴定等提供重要参考。以我国自然海区采集的7个皱纹盘鲍群体作为研究材料,通过测定9个形态测量指标并定义了这些测量指标间的17个比率变量,分析了群体内和群体间贝壳形态和体重相对生长的变异。除个别变量外,协方差分析揭示形态比率变量在群体间存在显著变异;异速生长研究揭示了壳形态特征与皱纹盘鲍群体中异速生长差异之间的高度线性相关性,异速生长程度呈现一定的群体区别。非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)和马氏距离聚类分析(CLUSTER)将皱纹盘鲍群体分为2个组,线性判别分析(LDA)与NMDS和CLUSTER结果相符,然而LDA未能较好的将各种群样本分类。研究结果初步表明皱纹盘鲍表现出与我国沿海环境和/或生态条件差异相关的表型可塑性,然而这种表型差异也可能受到人工底播苗种的遗传影响。研究结果将对于皱纹盘鲍渔业资源管理如管理单位的界定,以及为今后全面评价皱纹盘鲍不同地理群体的遗传变异等提供参考。 相似文献
6.
皱纹盘鲍的分布水域与种苗放流效果 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文通过皱纹盘鲍渔场的底栖生物资源的综合调查，在了解皱纹盘鲍分布水域的底质结构，大型海藻及敌害生物等资料的基础上，进行了不同区域的鲍种苗放流的比较试验，放流两年后，各区鲍种苗先后都达到商品规格，其试验结果，为增殖皱纹盘鲍，选择放流水域提供参考。 相似文献
7.
对西氏鲍、皱纹盘鲍及其正反杂交F1代样本的含肉率、基本营养成分的组成和含量、矿物质含量及氨基酸和脂肪酸的组成和含量分别进行测定,并对它们的营养价值进行综合评价.结果表明,正反杂交F1代样本和皱纹盘鲍的含肉率均显著高于西氏鲍（p〈0.05）;西氏鲍的粗蛋白质含量最高（63.65%）,粗脂肪含量最低（3.37%）,2种杂交F1代样本的肌肉蛋白质含量都高于皱纹盘鲍;亲本及其正反杂交F1代样本内脏中的Fe、Mn、K、Ca、Zn、P、Cd、Pb、Cr含量均高于其足部肌肉,但4种鲍足部肌肉的各种元素含量差别不大.实验测定皱纹盘鲍♀×西氏鲍♂杂交的F1代样本的不饱和脂肪酸相对总量和牛磺酸含量高于其他3种鲍;西氏鲍♀×皱纹盘鲍♂杂交的F1代样本的氨基酸总量（56.50%）、必需氨基酸含量（17.26%）、必需氨基酸指数（93.47）及鲜味氨基酸总量（24.51%）均高于其他三者.以上实验数据说明,通过种间杂交,亲本某些遗传性状缺陷在子代中得以改良,并且获得的正反杂交F1代样本都有部分性状优于双亲. 相似文献
8.
皱纹盘鲍肠上皮组织立克次体超微结构与细胞病理学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用电镜技术对患病濒死皱纹盘鲍 (H aliotis Discus hanna Ino)进行病原体检测和病理观察 ,在肠上皮组织中发现大量立克次体。研究表明 ,皱纹盘鲍肠上皮细胞中的立克次体分为增殖型立克次体和静止型立克次体 2种类型。立克次体以皱纹盘鲍肠上皮细胞为感染的靶细胞 ,造成细胞微绒毛全部或部分破坏 ,细胞功能丧失 ,是造成养殖皱纹盘鲍病害发生和死亡的主要病原体。 相似文献
9.
王文正 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2001,21(4):117-119
利用X射线衍射物相分析方法，对不同生长阶段的中国皱纹盘鲍壳体矿物组成进行了分析，结果表明，中国皱纹盘鲍壳体矿物成分包括文石、方解石、白云石3种，文石属于主要成分，另两者属于次要组分；从皱纹盘鲍生长的幼体到成体，壳体的矿物组成中文石所占的比例逐渐降低，方解石的比例逐渐增加，而白云石含量基本保持恒定。 相似文献
10.
在天津地区对2.2 cm左右规格的皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)进行试养殖,比较了两种养殖模式(笼养与砖养)、两种养殖密度下鲍的存活与生长情况,以及不同换水频率和不同饲料形状对鲍的生理状态和养殖水质的影响。结果表明:试养殖1个月后,笼养下的鲍存活率(74.4%)低于砖养(84.0%),且低密度养殖下鲍的存活率更高;随着换水频率的增加,鲍的摄食量逐渐增加,养殖水体中氨氮、亚硝酸氮、硝酸氮、化学需氧量的含量均呈减少的趋势;投喂不同形状饲料的组别间养殖水体氨氮、亚硝酸氮含量差异显著。因此,砖养模式更适合于作为天津地区鲍养殖的模式,并且降低密度、提高换水频率有助于改善水质,改良鲍的摄食、存活状况。 相似文献
11.
12.
Chang-Jun Li Wen-Tao Li Jianying Liu Xiumei Zhang Peidong Zhang 《Ocean Science Journal》2017,52(2):221-229
Seagrass seed bank plays a key role in the regeneration of new vegetation when seagrasses are removed by the natural or man-made disaster. Various factors may affect the development of sediment seed bank. We conducted a microcosm experiment to test the effects of burrowing and feeding activities of Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum on the burial of Zostera marina seeds in sediments. The effects of lasting time (3-hour, 1-day, 3-day, 7-day, 14-day and 28-day), clam density (0, 2, 4 and 8 clams with shell length of 3 cm in each microcosm) and clam size (shell length of 2, 3 and 4 cm at 4-clam density) on seed burial were examined in plastic microcosm cores (30 cm high × 10 in inner diameter) in a 28-day period. Results showed that the seed burial depth significantly increased with time, the density and the size of clams. No seeds were buried in the sediment in the cores without clams during the whole experiment period. For the 3-cm clams, about 91.61% of the seeds were buried in the sediment at the end of the experiment in the high-density treatment (8 clams at each core); while in the medium and low-density treatments (4 and 2 clams in each core, respectively), about 76.93% and 60.61% of the seeds were buried in the sediment, respectively. For the size treatments, large (4 cm) clams buried 89.56% of the seeds at the end of the experiment, much more than those of medium (3 cm, 76.93%) and small (2 cm, 61.50%) size clams. During the whole experiment period, nearly all of the buried seeds were at a depth of from 0 cm to 5 cm. These results suggested that Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum may play an important positive role in seagrass seed bank dynamics in the field. 相似文献
13.
于2009年6～10月采集草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)不同养殖模式围隔底泥的样品,对上覆水和间隙水中营养盐形态与含量进行分析,探讨间隙水和上覆水中营养盐浓度间的相关关系。结果表明:草鱼不同养殖模式围隔大部分间隙水中营养盐浓度要高于上覆水,上覆水与间隙水中PO43--P浓度呈极显著的正相关性(P<0.01)。上覆水和间隙水中的NO2--N和NO3--N浓度垂直分布特征随月变化规律较一致。养殖期间,间隙水溶解态无机氮(DIN)中NH4+-N比例最高,占95%以上。间隙水中NH4+-N浓度随深度增加而逐渐升高(0～10cm),而NO2--N和NO3--N浓度则随深度增加而减小(0～4cm)。表层底泥在0→1cm方向PO43--P浓度明显增加,从2～3cm层后多数养殖模式下浓度缓慢下降,而4→10cm方向上浓度会随深度增加而明显下降。总体而言,三元混养组中(GSL2)上覆水中营养盐的浓度一般要低于GSL1组和GSL3组,且养殖期间该组底层水DO浓度要高于GSL1组和GSL3组,初步认为是一种较为优化的草鱼混养模式。 相似文献
14.
本文报道了刺参池塘养殖的研究成果。本试验在水深80cm、日换水率在3%以上、面积为3.91亩的养虾池中进行。在虾池内建造人工海参礁;往虾池投放体长5—7cm的参苗1249头和体长1cm左右的参苗2500头;不投任何饵料。经过1年半饲养,刺参有147头(约4%)长到商品规格,平均体重达179.6g,有600头平均体重达到50—120g。 本项试验的意义在于:为刺参的人工养殖开辟了新的途径,对刺参要求的环境条件提供了新的依据,同时为生物净化养虾池创出了新路,具有重要的理论意义和经济价值。 相似文献
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报道1999~2002年对南海珠江口(21°50'~22°50'N,113°20'~114°50'E)26个站点的动态监测结果:(1)TCBS类群包括37%Ⅰ类(假单胞菌属、气单胞菌属),5%Ⅱ类(副溶血弧菌)和58%Ⅲ类(霍乱弧菌、霍乱弧菌埃尔托型,溶藻弧菌);EMB类群包括14%Ⅳ类(变形菌属、沙门氏菌属或志贺氏菌属),50%Ⅴ类(肠杆菌属、克雷伯氏菌属、哈夫尼氏菌属、沙雷氏菌属)和36%Ⅵ类(大肠杆菌);(2)26个站点之间的年平均CFU值差异显著.各站点的TCBS类群数量多而EMB类群数量少,表明TCBS类群为土著优势,而EMB类群主要来自陆源性污染;(3)26个站点被聚类为四大类别,不完全吻合其实际地理位置邻近关系,提示人为干扰活动影响超越自然地理隔离效应.站点G(万山群岛)和H(担杆岛)同属最靠近外海的孤立站点,却被划分为不同类别.H站点TCBS类群数量最高(3.7±2.6×104CFU/cm3),G站点是天然养殖区,EMB类群数量最高(9.5±6.6×103CFU/cm3),表明养殖区域陆源性EMB类群污染突出;(4)TCBS与EMB类群的月平均CFU值变化趋势相似,呈现年度周期性和季节周期性波动;(5)珠江口可以分为南、北部区域.南部区域的陆源性EMB类群污染严重,综合反映了来自珠江口水网系的高通量排放污染,养殖区域的自身污染,及其养殖活动对陆源性污染菌群的规模化“原位扩增”效应. 相似文献
16.
Macrofaunal communities of the Central Indian Basin (CIB) were sampled with a spade before (June 1997), and immediately after (August 1997), and 44 months (April 2001) after a simulated benthic disturbance for polymetallic nodule mining. The average density recorded down to a sediment depth of 40 cm ranged from 89 to 799 ind·m-2 (mean: 373 ± 221 SD; n = 12) and 178-1066 ind·m-2 (mean: 507 ± 489 SD; n = 3) in the test and reference area, respectively. Most of the macrobenthic animals (64%) were concentrated in the upper 0 to 2 cm sediment layers, whereas, sizeable fauna (6%) inhabited the 20-40 cm sediment section and the deepest 5 cm section from 35-40 cm contributed only about 2% to the total population density. The fauna, comprised of 12 groups, were dominated by the nematodes, which constituted 54% of the total population. The macrofaunal density in the test site showed a significant increase (x:400 ind·m-2) in the 44 months postdisturbance sampling (x:320 ind·m-2). The population of nematodes and oligochaetes was nearly restored after 44 months, but the polychaetes and crustaceans did not reach the baseline populations measured in June 1997. The top 0-2 cm sediment layer was severely affected by the disturber, and the study suggests that physically disturbed deep-sea macrofauna may require a longer period for restoration and resettlement than normally believed. 相似文献
17.
The effects of barite (94–96% BaSO4), a major constituent of drilling muds used in marine oil drilling operations, on meiofauna were studied in an experimental flow-through system. Aquaria containing sand or varying proportions of barite and sand received a continuous supply of unfiltered seawater from Santa Rosa Sound, Florida, for ten weeks. At the end of this period the composition, biomass and vertical distribution of the meiofauna were determined. Most of the meiofauna (>99%) occurred in the highly aerobic upper 2 cm portion of the substratum. Rotifera, Foraminifera, Hydrozoa, Turbellaria, Ostracoda, Polychaeta and Bivalvia did not exhibit significant differences between control and experimental aquaria. However, the densities of Nematoda, Copepoda and Copepoda nauplii varied with the substrate composition. The meiofaunal densities in the aquaria containing 1:10 or 1:3 mixtures of barite and sand were greater than that in aquaria containing sand alone. A marked decrease in meiofaunal density was evident in aquaria containing 5·5 cm of sand covered with a 0·5 cm layer of barite. 相似文献
18.
Jonathan M. Shenker 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1984,19(6):619-632
The scyphomedusae of the surface waters off Oregon and southern Washington were collected with commercial purse seines from May–August 1981. Twelve east-west transects, located from north of the Columbia River to south of Coos Bay were sampled from the 37 m isobath to distances up to 48 km from shore. Chrysaora fuscescens was the dominant species collected in each month. Maximum sampled abundances reached 18001 of medusae per 105 m3. Using an estimated carbon content of 0·280% of wet weight, this medusa density was calculated to contain approximately 50 mg Cm−3. Seven of the 263 samples contained so many medusae that they exceeded the capacity of the sampling gear. In all months but May, when medusa densities were relatively low, the density of C. fuscescens was greatest closest to shore and decreased rapidly offshore. Mean umbrella diameter increased from 8·6 cm in May to 18·5 cm in August, while the largest specimens increased from 19 cm in May to 37 cm in August. Aurelia aurtia, Cyanea capillata and Phacellophora camtschatica were also collected, but were much less abundant than C. fuscescens. The relative abundance of C. fuscescens was compared with the maximum abundance of copepods off the Oregon coast, and the hydrographic features influencing medusa distribution patterns are discussed. 相似文献
19.
In 2007–2008, a population outbreak of the solitary ascidian Herdmania momus was observed along the coasts of Jeju Island and the ascidians became the top dominant species in macrobenthic communities. We conducted field experiments on population dynamics and demographic parameters including seasonal density fluctuation, vertical distribution, recruitment patterns, mortality, and growth rate. Recruitment continued year-round except in April following the lowest water temperature season in February. Population density was highest in August-October, concomitantly with the peak in recruitment, related to the highest water temperature. The lowest density was observed in February-April when the water temperature was lowest. In April all individuals disappeared from all permanent plots, resulting in a maximum life span of 10–12 months. Individuals of newly recruited H. momus grew to have an adult size of 4–6 cm in only 3–4 months. Higher densities were observed in the shallower areas (5 m) compared to the deeper zones. More recruitment occurred on vertical slopes than horizontal substrates, but substrate pre-occupancy caused no difference in recruitment. This is the first report on H. momus population-level investigation in Korea, which provides valuable baseline information on the current status of population demography and their potential community-level influence on Jeju coasts. 相似文献
20.
塔玛亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻对黑褐新糠虾和卤虫的急性毒性作用 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
以黑褐新糠虾和卤虫为实验材料,研究了两种典型有毒有害赤潮藻,塔玛亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻的毒性.结果表明塔玛亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻都能影响糠虾的存活,在9 h内塔玛亚历山大藻和赤湖异弯藻对糠虾的半致死浓度分别约为7000和450 000个/cm3;在24 h内塔玛亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻对卤虫存活没有显著影响,而赤潮异弯藻能对卤虫的活力产生强烈的抑制作用,0.1,1.5,5和24 h的半抑制浓度分别为15 000,7500,4500,3000个/cm3,但在赤潮异弯藻较低浓度为3000个/cm3时,经过48 h卤虫的运动能力能够恢复到正常水平.结果表明,这两种有害藻对同一种生物的毒性大小存在差异,而这两种甲壳类生物对同一种有害藻的反应也不相同. 相似文献