共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
Principles of Probabilistic Regional Mineral Resource Estimation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Agterberg Frits 《地球科学》2011,36(2):189-200
Five principal sources of uncertainty in quantitative mineral resource estimation are listed and illustrated by means of a simple example (mosaic model) and a case history study for large copper deposits in the Abitibi area of the Canadian Shield. Abitibi copper potential originally was estimated on the basis of 1968 estimates of production and reserves totalling 3.12 Mt Cu. This prognostication now could be evaluated on the basis of 2008 copper production and reserves totalling 9.50 Mt Cu. An earlier hindsight study performed on the basis of 1977 data (totalling 5.23 Mt Cu) showed seven new discoveries occurring either in the immediate vicinities of known deposits or on broad regional copper anomalies predicted from the 1968 inputs. By 1977, the global geographic distribution pattern of large copper deposits in the Abitibi area had stabilized. During the next 30 years, new copper was essentially found close to existing deposits, much of it deeper down in the Earth's crust. In this paper, uncertainties associated with copper ore tonnage are analyzed by comparison of 2008 data with 1968 data using (a) log-log plots of size versus rank, and (b) lognormal QQ-plots. Straight lines fitted by least squares on these plots show that 1968 slopes provide good estimates of 2008 slopes but 1968 intercepts are much less than 2008 intercepts. In each linear log-weight versus log-rank plot, the slope is related to fractal dimension of a Pareto frequency distribution, and in a lognormal QQ-plot it is determined by logarithmic variance. The difference between 2008 and 1968 intercepts represents the increase in copper ore production and reserves from 1968 to 2008. The Pareto model fits actual copper and massive sulphides increase over the past 40 years better than the lognormal frequency distribution model for 10 km×10 km cells on favorable environments in the Abitibi area. 相似文献
2.
利用测井信息评价盐湖相烃源岩 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
盐湖相烃源岩富含膏、盐质成分,使其测井响应特征发生极大改变,给测井评价烃源岩带来困难。基于实测数据,分析了盐湖相烃源岩中普遍发育的纯泥岩、含膏(盐)泥岩和膏(盐)质泥岩有机碳含量的测井响应模式,发现纯泥岩和含膏(盐)泥岩TOC与AC和LogRt呈正比,与DEN呈反比,膏(盐)质泥岩TOC与DEN呈正比,与LogRt呈反比,并基于此建立了盐湖相烃源岩测井评价方法,即首先利用ΔGR区分岩性,再针对不同岩性建立TOC评价模型,最后根据实测S1+S2和TOC建立相关关系,就可以求取烃源岩的TOC和S1+S2。利用该方法对东营凹陷沙四下亚段烃源岩性质和展布进行分析,发现预测TOC与实测TOC吻合程度高,具有一定推广价值。 相似文献
3.
中国昆明地区岩溶洞穴洞口带苔藓植物研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了研究中国西南岩溶洞穴植物区系与生物多样性特征, 作者曾两次对云南昆明地区12个岩溶洞穴进行了野外考察和苔藓植物标本采集工作。其中含昆明市石灰岩洞穴1个, 石林县石灰岩洞穴5个和宜良县白云岩洞穴6个。根据采自12个岩溶洞穴洞口带的164件苔藓植物标本研究, 本文首次报道昆明地区洞穴苔藓植物10科18属25种。昆明地区洞穴中分布较多的苔藓植物科有丛藓科( Po ttiaceae) 5属8种,凤尾藓科( Fi ssidentaceae ) 1属4种,柳叶藓科( Amblystegiaceae ) 3 属3 种和青藓(Brachytheciaceae ) 2属3种。溶洞中较常见的4种苔藓植物种类是萤光苔类植物光苔Cyathodiumcavernarum Kunze ( 见于6个溶洞中) , 小凤尾藓Fissidens bryoides Hedw ( 见于4个溶洞中) , 橙色净口藓Gymnostonum calcareum Nees et Ho rsch (见于3 个溶洞中)和长叶扭口藓Tortella tortuosa( Hedw ) Limp ( 见于3个溶洞中)。野外观察表明,受洞穴弱光环境生态因子的限制, 昆明地区洞穴苔藓植物主要生长于洞穴洞口0～ 26m带范围内; 2种丛集型藓类植物, 橙色净口藓Gymnostonumcalcareum Nees et Horsch, 和钩喙净口藓G.recurvirost re Hedw 参与洞口带钟乳石或石笋钙华沉积。 相似文献
4.
《煤田地质与勘探》2021,49(3):1-7
The Deep Resources Exploration and Mining(DREAM) grant program, within the framework of The National Key Research and Development Program grants, is a pillar to implement China's science and technology strategy in the area of deep resources exploitation. To tackle the insufficient of theories and technologies for the 1000-meter-deep mining, a section of mining, covering the research of basic theories, general technologies and application demonstration, was arranged in the layout of DREAM under the principle of "whole chain design, integrated implementation". In the aspect of basic research, DREAM mainly focused on the deep rock mechanics and mining theory, such as the in-situ mechanical behavior of deep rock, deep high stress induction and energy regulation theory. For the general and key technologies, DREAM supported the research on the mine construction and hoisting, excavation, rock breaking, mining methods and mining safety according to the characteristics of coal and metal mines. For the demonstration application, taking green, safe and efficient as the starting point, DREAM aimed at the green, safe and high efficiency mining, and the demonstration and leading role projects such as the low-waste and high-efficiency back fill mining. Since 2016, 10 RD projects have been funded, and 122 institutional participants with a total budget of RMB 235 million from the central government and RMB 480 million from enterprises as well as local governments have been involved. It is expected that the mining section of DREAM would contribute to establishing the theory and technology system in the area of deep mining and promoting the ability of deep resource exploitation in China. 相似文献
5.
Huan-huan Yang Qin Wang Yan-bo Li Bin Lin Yang Song Yi-yun Wang Wen He Hong-wei Li She Li Jian-li Li Chang-cheng Liu Shi-bin Feng Tang Xin Xue-lian Fu Xin-juan Liang Qi Zhang Bei-qi Wang Yang Li 《China Geology》2022,5(1):136-159
The Tiegelongnan Cu(Au,Ag)deposit in central Tibet contains more than 10 Mt of copper ranking 29 th in the world.It is characterized by typical porphyry-epithermal alteration and mineralization.In order to improve the understanding of porphyry-epithermal copper deposit in Tibet,new zircon U-Pb age and sulfur isotope data along with published data in the Tiegelongnan are presented to investigate the formation and preservation mechanism.Ore-related intrusive rocks in the Tiegelongnan including Early Cretaceous(about 120 Ma)granodiorite porphyry and diorite porphyry are closely related to the northward subduction of Bangongco-Nujiang ocean.Sulfur mainly comes from deep magma,and ore-forming fluid is affected by both magmatic and meteoric water.The metallogenic setting of Tiegelongnan is consistent with those of Andean porphyry copper deposits in South America.The cover of the Meiriqiecuo Formation volcanic rocks,Lhasa-Qiangtang collision and India-Eurasian collision have significance in the preservation and uplift of the deposit.The formation,preservation and discovery of Tiegelongnan play an important role in exploration of ancient porphyry-epithermal deposits in Tibet. 相似文献
6.
The estuary and coastal zone are the key areas for socio-economic development,and they are also the important channels for pollutants transported to the sea.The construction of the Jiaozhou Bay Bridge changed the hydrodynamic condition of the bay,which made the self-purification capacity of the bay weakened and the pollution in the estuary and adjacent coastal zone become more serious.In this study,55 surface sediment samples were collected from the three seriously polluted estuaries and the adjacent coastal zone of Jiaozhou Bay to comprehensively study how the benthic foraminifera response to heavy metal pollution and human engineering,and to assess the ecological risks of the bay.A total of 80 species,belonging to 42 genera,were identified in this study.The results showed that Cu,Pb,Cr,Hg,Zn,and As had low to median ecological risks in the study area which would definitely affect the ecological system.The construction of the Jiaozhou Bay Bridge has resulted in pollutants accumulated at the river mouth of Loushan River,which has adverse effects on the survival and growth of benthic foraminifera.The lowest population density and diversity as well as the highest FAI(Foraminiferal Abnormality Index)and FMI(Foraminiferal Monitoring Index)occurred at Loushan River Estuary which indicated that the ecological environment of the northeastern part of Jiaozhou Bay(Loushan River Estuary)had been seriously damaged.Licun River and Haipo River estuaries and the adjacent coastal zone were slightly polluted and had low ecological risk.As a consequence,it suggested that the supervision of industrial and domestic waste discharge and the protection of the ecological environment in northeast Jiaozhou Bay should be paid more attention. 相似文献
7.
Coal-bearing strata are widespread in the western Great Khingan Mountains. Abundant coal resources have been found in the Jurassic Alatanheli Groups, the Cretaceous Bayanhua Groups, the Damoguaihe Formation and the Yimin Formation. The organic geochemical characteristics were analyzed in combination with hydrocarbon source rock evaluation and molecular organic geochemistry experiments, and the coal gas potential of coal seams was evaluated. The source rock evaluation results indicated that the Mesozoic coal samples have the characteristics of high organic matter abundance(TOC>30%), low maturity(Ro values of approximately 0.6%), and type Ⅲ composition. The hydrocarbon generation potentials of the Alatanheli Groups and Bayanhua Groups are high, while the generation potentials of the Damoguaihe Formation and the Yimin Formation are low. The results of geochemistry show that the depositional environment of the coal seam was a lacustrine, oxidizing environment with a low salinity, and the source of the organic matter was mainly higher plants. Affected by weak degradation, the coal seams mainly formed low-maturity gas of thermal catalytic origin. The Cretaceous coal seams contain a large amount of phytoplankton groups deposited in a low-stability environment affected by a transgression event, and the potential range varied widely. For the Jurassic coal seams, the depositional environment was more stable, and the coal seams feature a higher coal-forming gas potential. 相似文献
8.
Early Eocene hyperthermals are geologically short-lived global warming events and represent fundamental perturbations to the global carbon cycle and the Earth’s ecosystem due to massive additions of isotopically light carbon to the ocean-atmosphere system.They serve as ancient analogs for understanding how the oceanic carbonate system and surface-ocean ecosystem would respond to ongoing and future climate change.Here,we present a continuous carbonate record across the Eocene Thermal Maximum 2(ETM2 or H1,ca.54.1 Ma)and H2(ca.54 Ma)events from an expanded section at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1258 in tropical Atlantic.The abundant calcareous nannofossils and moderate carbonate content throughout the studied interval suggest this record was deposited above the calcite compensation depth(CCD),but below the lysocline and under the influence of terrestrial dilution.An Earth system model cGENIE is used to simulate the carbon cycle dynamics across the ETM2 and H2 to offer insights on the mechanism of the rapid warming and subsequent recovery in climate and ecosystem.The model suggests moderate changes in ocean pH(0.1–0.2 unit)for the two scenarios,biogenic methane from a rechargeable methane capacitor and organic matter oxidation from thawing of the permafrost.These pH changes are consistent with a recent independent pH estimate across the ETM2 using boron isotopes.The carbon emission flux during the ETM2 is at least an order of magnitude smaller than that during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum(PETM)(0.015–0.05 Pg C yr-1vs.0.3–1.7 Pg C yr-1).The comparable pre-and post-event carbonate contents suggest the lysocline did not over deepen following the ETM2 at this tropical Atlantic site,indicating spatial heterogeneity in the carbonate system due to strong dilution influence from terrestrial weathering and riverine discharge at Site 1258. 相似文献
9.
YANG Bo QU Hongjun PU Renhai TIAN Xiahe YANG Huan DONG Wenwu CHEN Yahui 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(2):322-336
In this study, the types of micropores in a reservoir are analyzed using casting thin section(CTS) observation and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) experiments. The high-pressure mercury injection(HPMI) and constant-rate mercury injection(CRMI) experiments are performed to study the micropore structure of the reservoir. Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), gas-water relative seepage, and gas-water two-phase displacement studies are performed to examine the seepage ability and parameters of the reservoir, and further analyses are done to confirm the controlling effects of reservoir micropore structures on seepage ability. The experimental results show that Benxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi, and Shihezi formations in the study area are typical ultra-low porosity and ultra-low permeability reservoirs. Owing to compaction and later diagenetic transformation, they contain few primary pores. Secondary pores are the main pore types of reservoirs in the study area. Six main types of secondary pores are: intergranular dissolved pores, intragranular dissolved pores, lithic dissolved pores, intercrystalline dissolved pores, micropores, and microfracture. The results show that reservoirs with small pore-throat radius, medium displacement pressure, and large differences in pore-throat structures are present in the study area. The four types of micropore structures observed are: lower displacement pressure and fine pores with medium-fine throats, low displacement pressure and fine micropores with fine throats, medium displacement pressure and micropores with micro-fine throats, and high displacement pressure and micropores with micro throats. The micropore structure is complex, and the reservoir seepage ability is poor in the study areas. The movable fluid saturation, range of the gas-water two-phase seepage zone, and displacement types are the three parameters that well represent the reservoir seepage ability. According to the characteristic parameters of microscopic pore structure and seepage characteristics, the reservoirs in the study area are classified into four types(Ⅰ–Ⅳ), and types Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ are the main types observed. From type Ⅰ to type Ⅳ, the displacement pressure increases, and the movable fluid saturation and gas-water two-phase seepage zone decrease, and the displacement type changes from the reticulation-uniform displacement to dendritic and snake like. 相似文献
10.
2007年1月29日,“江苏省生态环境地质调查与监测”项目在南京通过评审,成果优秀。中国地质调查局常务副局长王宝才出席评审会并发表讲话,江苏省国土资源厅厅长陶培荣在评审会上致辞。出席此次评审会的专家分别来自中科院、中国地质环境监测院以及中国地质大学等科研机构和院校,参加此次评审会的还有中国地质调查局、江苏省政府、江苏省国土资源厅有关负责人及多家媒体单位。评审会由江苏省国土资源厅副厅长刘聪主持。“江苏省生态环境地质调查与监测”项目是江苏省人民政府和国土资源部中国地质调查局合作开展的、大调查实施以来全国最大的… 相似文献
11.
常规测井资料与FMI相结合计算地应力 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用常规测井资料计算地应力的优点是成本较低,资料容易获取,且能获得连续的地应力剖面。其中岩石力学参数的计算是非常重要的环节,这里通过利用常规测井的纵波时差,拟合出横波时差,进而计算出泊松比。特别是在岩石的抗压强度参数的计算中,提出了一个综合考虑泥质含量和纵波波阻抗(ρVp)的新的拟合模型。在地应力计算中还有一个非常重要的问题,即构造应力的计算,本文利用FM I成像测井资料和水力压裂资料相结合,对构造应力进行了计算,进而选择了适当的地应力计算模式,计算出川中磨溪气田25口井的地应力剖面。 相似文献
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为了解决DAT测井数据格式转换的难题,详细分析了煤田测井地质解释系统（Coalfield Logging Geology Interpretation System,简称CLGIS）的DAT数据格式,弄清了该数据格式的存储方式,在此基础上编制了格式转换程序。该程序能将DAT格式测井数据快速无损地转换为LAS（Log ASCⅡ Standard）格式,而LAS格式能够被国内外大多数油田测井软件识别加载。借助功能强大的油田测井数据处理系统,能够对数据进行快速地处理和曲线绘制成图,提高煤田测井绘图效率和图件质量。 相似文献
14.
随钻测井技术的发展 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
随钻测井是在钻开地层的同时实时测量地层信息的一种测井技术。随钻测井自1989年成功投入商业应用以来，得到了快速的发展。本文主要介绍了电阻率测井中的补偿双电阻率测井仪(CDR)、钻头电阻率仪(RAB)、放射性测井中的补偿密度中子仪(CDN)、方位密度中子仪(AND)、声波测井中的新型声波测井仪(ISONIC)和偶极声波测井仪(BATLWD)及核磁共振测井仪(MRIL-WD)等几种目前世界上较新且应用广泛的随钻测井仪器的结构、测量原理及应用。结合电缆测井，对随钻测井的优点进行了总结。通过对随钻测井发展趋势的分析，得出了随钻测井技术应用会越来越广，但不会替代电缆测井技术的结论。 相似文献
15.
物探测井曲线解释可识别地层、岩性及标志层,划分透水层、隔水层,确定各岩石的密度及井径和井斜;回答钻孔是有矿、异常、还是无矿孔,评价钻孔工程质量等.对于取心率较低的岩石,曲线解释更有其特殊意义,可应用其解释成果产生一个岩性柱状图,为制作综合柱状图提供资料.笔者在吐哈盆地十红滩地区曲线解释过程中有以下几点体会. 1 测井曲线特点 除致密钙质岩石和煤外,随着岩石粒度从砾岩、砂岩向泥岩变化,其电阻率、密度、自然电位(负值)均呈现从大到小变化(37.40~13.40 Ωm,2.39~2.25 g/cm3,(-60~-70)~(0~-15) mv),而井径、天然伽玛则呈现出砾… 相似文献
16.
X射线荧光分析在岩屑录井中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过典型岩石化学的理论计算分析了部分沉积岩的成分特征和差别,为X射线荧光(XRF)录井分析鉴别岩性奠定了理论基础.地层在岩性组合与厚度上的差别是XRF录井技术鉴定地层的基本前提.根据沉积岩薄层岩层的厚度,提出以分米作为XRF录井取样的最低分辨率的标准.并以实例论述了在石油钻井的随钻过程中,采用XRF录井新技术进行岩性分析和地层对比的步骤;评价和展望了XRF录井新技术的特点与应用远景;指出建立不同岩性主要元素理论数据库和地区性地层岩性变化元素理论剖面的重要性;提出进一步改进XRF录井技术的方向. 相似文献
17.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(4):480-488
Due to the fact that the quasi-stationary electromagnetic fields applied in induction logging depend on the specific electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability (μ) of the medium, it was of interest to study the effect of μ on induction logging data. A preliminary discussion is presented of certain peculiarities of the μ-effect in a homogeneous conductive medium and the analysis of results concerning two cases: 1) Drilling mud with an increased magnetic susceptibility (e.g., because of the addition of magnetite to increase the weight of the mud); and 2) the rocks studied had an increased magnetic susceptibility (the induction logging of certain ore deposits). The analysis results, which are based on the calculation of an electromagnetic field located at the well axis in the absence of any mud penetration into the layer, are tabulated. —Petroleum Abstracts. 相似文献
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《Geoforum》2017
Underwater logging is a relatively new concept in forestry that has significant economic benefits but also consequences for the environment and local communities. Underwater logging has traditionally been undertaken by divers. However, safety concerns mean that conventional harvesting methods using divers need to be replaced by more sophisticated mechanized harvesting techniques. This paper outlines the environmental and social aspects of underwater logging, highlighting issues that must be considered before any underwater harvesting operations are executed. While the economic reasons for harvesting underwater logs seem compelling, as do the associated social benefits, such as employment generation, there are significant environmental impacts of removing trees from reservoirs, as submerged trees serve as important ecological habitat for aquatic life. Due to the absence of any regulatory regimes encompassing underwater logging, we propose best-practice guidelines for underwater logging operations and suggest the need for a comprehensive sustainability framework based on internationally recognized criteria and indicators to ensure underwater logging operations are environmentally safe, socially beneficial and economically viable. 相似文献
20.
以实例来说明三分量测井在磁铁矿勘察是的应用及效果。从工作原理、测试方法、解释方法和应用实例效果等方面着重说明。 相似文献