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含软弱夹层岩质边坡在自然环境和工程实践中都比较常见，稳定性差，边坡失稳产生了大量的滑坡灾害，造成大量人员伤亡和经济损失。因此，含软弱夹层岩质边坡稳定性研究一直是工程地质和岩土工程领域的研究重点之一。在收集整理国内外相关资料的基础上，从自重工况、开挖工况、暴雨和蓄水工况、地震工况方面总结了目前含软弱夹层岩质边坡稳定性的研究现状及进展，取得如下主要认识:(1)软弱夹层对岩质边坡稳定性有显著不利影响，含软弱夹层岩质边坡的稳定性比均质岩质边坡、不含软弱夹层的层状岩质边坡都差；(2)含软弱夹层岩质边坡的稳定性系数、变形特征和破坏模式与软弱夹层的含水状态、抗剪强度、倾角、厚度、间距、层数和边坡坡度有关；(3)开挖容易诱发坡体沿软弱夹层滑坡，含软弱夹层岩质边坡开挖后需要及时支护；(4)爆破层裂效应改变了软弱夹层与围岩的接触状态，减小了它们之间的凝聚力和摩擦力，导致边坡稳定性降低；(5)暴雨和蓄水都不利于含软弱夹层岩质边坡稳定；(6)岩质边坡地震动力响应和变形破坏特征受软弱夹层参数(厚度、倾角、含水状态)、地震波特性(地震波的类型、幅值、频率、激振方向)和边坡结构(顺层或反倾)共同影响；(7)在软弱夹层对水平向动力响应的放大或减弱作用及厚层软弱夹层的消能减震作用方面仍然存在不同观点。在此基础上，分析了研究方法的优缺点，指出当前含软弱夹层岩质边坡稳定性研究存在的问题。最后，针对该领域的研究现状，提出了未来的研究重点和方向，主要包括:含多层软弱夹层岩质边坡的渐进性变形破坏过程和稳定性；全面深入研究单因素作用(开挖卸荷、爆破、地震、暴雨、库水位变化、地下水等)对含软弱夹层岩质边坡稳定性的影响机制；多因素耦合作用下含软弱夹层岩质边坡稳定性；支挡结构体系对含多层软弱夹层高陡岩质边坡的加固机制。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2017,(4):1052-1059
基于大型振动台模型试验及传递函数理论,对含软弱夹层顺层岩质边坡的绝对传递函数和相对传递函数进行了对比分析,探讨了两种传递函数计算边坡动力特性参数的准确性,并对利用传递函数估算边坡频域动力响应的可行性进行了研究。研究结果表明,采用坡面及坡内加速度时程计算得到的传递函数曲线形态相近,幅值差别较小;相对传递函数实部比绝对传递函数实部小1,绝对传递函数和相对传递函数虚部重合,且两种传递函数虚部峰值两侧对称性较好,利用传递函数虚部计算边坡动力特性参数准确性较高。在频率大于10 Hz部分,相对传递函数模趋于1,绝对传递函数模趋于0。利用两种传递函数虚部及相对传递函数模计算得到的边坡固有频率十分接近。两种传递函数模计算得到的阻尼比比较准确,计算结果表明,含软弱夹层顺层岩质边坡的阻尼比大于均质岩质边坡。利用两种传递函数虚部及模计算得到的含软弱夹层顺层岩质边坡加速度振型相同。利用绝对传递函数估算含软弱夹层顺层岩质边坡频域动力响应的准确性高于相对传递函数估算结果。利用传递函数对输入地震动的频谱特性进行修正有利于保证含软弱夹层顺层岩质边坡动力响应研究输入机制的合理性。 相似文献
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在浙江中东部地区,沉积岩分布较广泛,由于层面发育及存在软弱夹层,顺层滑坡时有发生。结合工程实例,对采用预应力锚索加固治理顺层滑坡的设计过程及施工方法进行了分析。监测结果表明治理措施安全有效。 相似文献
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地质构造对于区域地质灾害的形成和分布具有控制性作用,从地质构造出发探究地质灾害空间规律是开展灾害易发性评价的关键。以万州铁峰山背斜为例,在地质构造和滑坡灾害实测的基础上,将背斜构造分为核部(Ⅰ区)、北西翼(Ⅱ区)、南东翼陡立岩层(Ⅲ区)、岩层倾斜过渡段(Ⅳ区)和万州向斜(Ⅴ区)5个区,分析了各区内背斜构造控制下的岩体结构及其控滑机制和斜坡破坏模式。结果表明：(1)Ⅱ区岩层由临近Ⅰ区的陡倾角快速变化为临近河谷区的中缓倾角顺向坡,主要控滑结构为顺层发育的泥质、炭质软弱层,顺层岩质滑坡发育普遍;(2)Ⅰ区次级褶皱和断层发育,层面、断层和节理面的组合控制着平面或楔形体滑动,滑动方向常指向褶皱枢纽方向;(3)Ⅲ区主要结构面构成岩块与母岩的分割面,存在顺坡向次要结构面或地形起伏时,发生滑移或坠落式落石,并发展上部岩块的连锁滑坠;(4)Ⅳ区天然顺向斜坡坡度小于或等于岩层倾角,当公路开挖时极易引发顺层面或软弱夹层的顺层岩质滑坡;(5)Ⅴ区为近水平产出的砂泥岩互层,泥岩软化和风化、砂岩裂隙或拉槽充水是控制近水平地层岩质滑坡和落石倾倒、坠落的主要原因。滑坡受铁峰山背斜宏观构造和局部构造的双重控制,前者影响... 相似文献
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鸡尾山特大型滑坡是我国西南岩溶石山地区一种独特的大型岩质斜坡失稳模式,它得到工程地质等领域极大重视,从滑坡成因和机理、滑坡启动以及运动过程、堆积物分布、次生灾害等方面都开展了一系列研究,取得了众多成果;对于滑坡结构面和滑动面方面认为:垂直结构面由两组构成,水平滑动面则为软弱夹层。本文通过野外地质调查,样品测试、综合分析等方法,查明了滑坡区岩溶及裂隙发育特征、软弱夹层及其下伏瘤状灰岩分布特征、岩溶地下水补径排条件;发现了大量瘤状灰岩块石分布于滑坡堆积体中;深入讨论了岩溶与滑坡垂直结构面、水平滑动面的关系。主要结论:(1)存在3组垂直结构面,它们对应由3组构造裂隙经过长期溶蚀侵蚀作用后形成;(2)部分滑动面已经越过软弱夹层、进入或越过瘤状灰岩,因此,滑动面主要由顺层岩溶、岩层间弱胶结、软弱夹层等条件控制;(3)岩溶地下水对滑坡孕灾过程中垂直结构面、以及水平滑动面起到扩张作用,在滑坡启动期无水动力作用。本文研究对鸡尾山滑坡成因分析及研判有一定实际意义。 相似文献
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层面倾角对顺层岩质滑坡贡献率研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
顺层岩质滑坡作为滑坡的一种类型,在国内很多省份均有较高的发生频率,造成了较大的经济损失及不良的社会影响。为了研究顺层岩质滑坡发育的规律,依据笔者参与并成功治理的国内81处顺层岩质滑坡建立数据库,利用贡献率法将不同层面倾角区间的顺层岩质滑坡的各种相互关系进行定量化分析,以研究不同层面倾角区间的顺层岩质滑坡的相关性。结果表明,层面倾角为10°～25°的坡体,对顺层岩质滑坡贡献率程度最高;层面倾角为25°～35°的坡体,对顺层岩质滑坡贡献率程度中等;层面倾角为大于35°及小于10°的坡体,对顺层岩质滑坡贡献率程度最低。所得分析结论与实际情况吻合较好,能很好地为以后国内顺层岩质滑坡的研究及治理提供借鉴参考 相似文献
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以贵阳西二环"5·20"滑坡为实例,对滑坡区地质环境条件,滑坡发育特征和变形破坏特征的分析,在工程建设过程中,切脚开挖形成临空面是诱发软弱夹层岩质顺层滑坡,滑坡破坏模式为滑移-拉裂型;采用室内岩土试验、工程类比分析和参数反演等方法,综合确定了滑坡物理力学参数,应用极限平衡法和数值模拟对滑坡稳定性进行定量分析;分析表明,在天然和饱和两种工况条件下,稳定性系数均小于规范要求,在暴雨或外力作用下形成滑坡的结论,理论分析和实际情况一致。 相似文献
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The possible application of a Rindler type reference frame for studies of physical processes near the horizons of black and white holes is considered. New similar reference frames inside black and white holes in the region T of a Kruskal wormhole are introduced. 相似文献
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A supernova explosion in a close binary system in which one of the components is a compact magnetized object (neutron star or white dwarf) can form a narrow “tail” with length l t ～109 cm, width h t ～108 cm, and magnetic field B t ～106, due to the resulting shock wave flowing around the magnetosphere of the compact object. The energy released by the reconnection of magnetic field lines in this tail can accelerate electrons to relativistic speeds (γ≈104), creating the conditions required for powerful synchrotron radiation at energies from hundreds of keV to several MeV, i.e., for a gamma-ray burst (GRB). The duration of this radiation will depend on the power of the shock that forms during the supernova. If the shock is not sufficiently powerful to tear off the magnetosphere tail from the compact object, the duration of the GRB will not exceed l t /V A ≤1 s, and the conditions necessary for an “afterglow” at softer energies will not arise. If the shock is more powerful, the tail can be torn from the magnetosphere, forming a narrow ejection, which is perceived in its relativistic motion toward the observer(Γ～104) as an afterglow whose duration grows from tens of seconds at gamma-ray energies to tens of days in the optical. This may explain why afterglows are observed only in association with long GRBs (T 90>10 s). Very short GRBs (T 90<0.1 s) may be local, i.e., low-power, phenomena occurring in close pairs containing compact, magnetized objects, in which there is again an interaction between the magnetosphere of the compact object and a shock wave, but the shock is initiated by a flare on the companion, which is a red-dwarf cataclysmic variable, rather than by a supernova. 相似文献
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This paper presents a theoretical approach to analyse coupled, linear thermoporoelastic fields in a saturated porous medium under radial and spherical symmetry. The governing equations account for compressibility and thermal expansion of constituents, heat sink due to thermal dilatation of water and thermal expansion of the medium, and thermodynamically coupled heat–water flow. It has been reported in the literature that thermodynamically coupled heat–water flows known as thermo-osmosis and thermal filtration have the potential to significantly alter the flow fields in clay-rich barriers in the near field of a underground waste containment scheme. This study presents a mathematical model and examines the effects of thermo-osmosis and thermal-filtration on coupled consolidation fields in a porous medium with a cavity. Analytical solutions of the governing equations are presented in the Laplace transform space. A numerical inversion scheme is used to obtain the time-domain solutions for a cylindrical cavity in a homogeneous or a non-homogeneous medium. A closed form time-domain solution is presented for a spherical cavity in a homogeneous medium. Selected numerical solutions for homogeneous and non-homogeneous media show a significant increase in pore pressure and displacements due to the presence of thermodynamically coupled flows and a negligible influence on temperature. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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A. N. Galybin 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1998,22(3):175-196
The problem of the equilibrium of a plane with a circular hole and a shear crack is considered to model failure of an excavation (borehole or circular opening) in rocks weakened by discontinuities (planes of weakness). It is assumed that sliding occurs in a part of the plane of weakness when the Mohr–Coulomb friction criterion is satisfied due to the stress redistribution caused by the excavation. The method of singular integral equations is employed to solve the boundary value problem. Geomechanical problems concerning borehole breakout and rockburst caused by fault-opening interaction are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. Yu. Reshetnyak 《Astronomy Reports》2016,60(2):294-305
The dependences of the magnetic-field strength, variations of the magnetic field, and the multipole level on the amplitudes of the α and ω effects are considered using a two-dimensional model for a Parker dynamo in a spherical layer. Calculations have been carried out for both traditional spatial distributions of α and ω and geostrophic regimes obtained from three-dimensional modeling of thermal convection. Two-dimensional distributions of the dynamo-wave velocities in the zone where magnetic field is generated are presented. Comparisons with the solar and planetary dynamos are considered. 相似文献
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The focus of this contribution is to develop a complex variable function method to solve the two-dimensional scattering of plane waves by a lined cylindrical cavity in the poroelastic half-plane. The poroelastic half-plane is based on Biot’s dynamic theory, and the governing equations are solved by reduction to three Helmholtz equations. The lining structure can be treated as an elastic material and decoupled into two Helmholtz equations. Here, the large circle assumption is applied to simulate the half-plane boundary. By using appropriate boundary conditions and continuity conditions, the unknown coefficients in the potentials can be determined. Selected numerical results are presented in this paper. 相似文献
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Victor Ryzhik 《Computational Geosciences》2007,11(1):1-8
Spreading of a non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) denser than water (DNAPL) lens (mound) in the unsaturated zone of double-porosity
aquifer above an impervious plane boundary is investigated. The double-porosity aquifer is conceptualized as a fracture network
surrounding pervious blocks. Vertical gravity equilibrium is assumed to prevail in each one of the two media, fractures and
blocks. Through vertical integration, two coupled partial differential equations for the DNAPL content in each medium are
obtained. The mass exchange rate between high- and low-permeability media is considered as a function of NAPL content. The
dominant effect is gravity, whereas capillary forces are negligible. Analytical solutions for one-dimensional and axisymmetric
problems of mound spreading are obtained. 相似文献
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Summary Any rock may be regarded as an aggregate of mineral species frequency distributions, thus opening up a new method of analyzing the problems of the nature of these discrete distributions.Based on theorems in mathematical probability, a subrock sample is defined as a probability sample under the conditions that every mineral species' distribution function in this subrock converges probabilistically to one and the same distributions the nature of which is immaterial at this point.For obvious reasons, the situation is excluded if the sample size approaches infinity, i.e., Chebyshev's theorem (Chebyshev, 1867). 相似文献
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Chess-board (“tiled”) microcline crystals from a nepheline-bearing syenite from Ilimaussaq, W. Greenland, were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and were found to consist of a mosaic of slightly misoriented domains, which bear no obvious relationship to the optical microstructure. Part of the misorientation of most pairs of neighbouring domains involves a small rotation about c. However, some are related to adjacent domains by the albite twin law, the pericline law, or diagonal association. This microcline could have crystallized with triclinic symmetry which could account for the differences between the microstructure of this microcline and M-twinned microcline. Metasomatism may explain both the optical microscope and TEM scale structures of this microcline. Examination of the electron diffraction patterns of areas of microcline which contain both diagonally associated and twinned domains draw attention to the fact that each of the few orientations in an M-twinned crystal is related to one of the other orientations by diagonal association. The formation of common cross-hatch twinned microstructures are discussed with reference to diagonal association. 相似文献