共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 406 毫秒
1.
焉耆盆地是塔里木盆地东北缘天山山间的重要坳陷区,盆地北缘发育的和静逆断裂-褶皱带是一条现今活动强烈的逆断裂-褶皱带,对其第四纪以来缩短量和隆升量的计算有利于分析该区域的构造活动情况,对缩短速率和隆升速率的估计可以与天山造山带其他区域的活动速率进行横向对比,从而反映出焉耆盆地在天山晚新生代构造变形的作用。在深部资料不足的情况下,对背斜形态完整、构造样式简单的和静逆断裂-褶皱带,利用地表可获得的地层和断层产状,通过恢复褶皱几何形态,计算褶皱的缩短量、隆升量和断层滑动量,得到逆断裂-褶皱带早更新世晚期(1.8Ma)、中更新世(780ka)和晚更新世中期(80ka)以来的缩短量分别为1.79km、0.88km和26m,初步估计的缩短速率分别为0.99mm/a、1.13mm/a和0.33mm/a。显示和静逆断裂-褶皱带自开始形成以来构造活动强度并不一致。与地壳形变观测结果对比,作为南天山东段最主要的坳陷区,焉耆盆地吸收了这一区域(86°～88°E)的大部分地壳缩短,且主要表现为盆地北缘新生逆断裂-褶皱带的强烈变形。 相似文献
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北轮台断裂是1条全新世活动断裂,为南天山与塔里木盆地的分界断裂。晚第四纪以来,北轮台断裂的持续活动使得多期洪积地貌面发生了断错变形与褶皱隆升。利用高精度差分GPS,对北轮台断裂阿克艾肯段和砖厂段内的多期地貌面的断层陡坎形态进行了测量。通过大比例尺活动断层填图发现,阿克艾肯段以逆冲作用为主,而砖厂段则是以褶皱隆升为主。利用光释光测年方法,分别得到了不同期次地貌面(Fan4,Fan3b,Fan3c和Fan2)的年龄,发现自Fan4地貌面形成以来,阿克艾肯段的地壳缩短速率(约2.4mm/a)基本保持恒定;同时,晚第四纪以来砖厂段的SN向地壳缩短速率为1.43~1.81mm/a,较阿克艾肯段有明显下降,推测北轮台断裂带的SN向地壳缩短速率由西向东递减。综合对比南天山山前的逆断裂-褶皱带体系,同样反映出地壳缩短速率由西向东递减的特征。 相似文献
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库车坳陷是南天山中段新构造运动异常强烈的地区,发育4排近EW向展布的逆断裂-背斜带。通过野外实地考察及前人资料分析,认为该区晚第四纪以来的构造变形主要集中于喀桑托开逆断裂-背斜带、秋里塔格逆断裂-背斜带和最南缘的亚肯逆断裂-背斜带之上,而且不同构造带之间的变形方式存在较大差异。作者利用全站仪(total station)对上述构造带的变形地貌进行了精确测量,并结合年代学分析,得到喀桑托开逆断裂-背斜的地壳缩短速率为1·0~2·0mm/a,秋里塔格逆断裂-背斜带的地壳缩短速率为2·5~3·0mm/a,亚肯盲逆断裂-背斜的地壳缩短速率为1·5~2·0mm/a。晚第四纪以来,库车坳陷SN向总的地壳缩短速率不<5·0~7·0mm/a 相似文献
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天山山前主要推覆构造区的地壳缩短 总被引：19，自引：11，他引：8
利用平衡地质剖面方法研究天山山前主要褶皱带的地壳缩短,其中3条平衡剖面分别横跨天山南簏的柯坪逆断裂-褶皱带和库车逆断裂-褶皱带,2条剖面横跨天山北簏的玛纳斯活动逆断裂-褶皱带,其余1条剖面横跨吐鲁番中央隆起逆断裂-褶皱带。柯坪活动逆断裂-褶皱带、库车逆断裂-褶皱带、玛纳斯逆断裂-褶皱带和吐鲁番盆地的地壳缩短量分别为40~45km、27~37km、8·5~10·5km和6~7km。天山山前活动逆断裂-褶皱带在EW向上互不重叠,它们的缩短量大致代表了该经度上新生代的最小地壳缩短量,反映出天山地壳缩短由西向东减小的趋势。假定天山山前活动逆断裂-褶皱带开始形成的时间为距今2·5Ma的西域砾岩沉积期,考虑到博阿断裂、塔拉斯-费尔干纳断裂在SN向上的缩短活动分量,上述4个地段的最小缩短速率分别为15·4~17·3mm/a、12·7~16·5mm/a、3·8~4·5mm/a和2·3~2·7mm/a。活动走滑断裂在天山内部特定位置向左偏转,走向由NW转为NWW,在断裂转折的部位走滑活动量转化为天山SN向的缩短变形 相似文献
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位于帕米尔前缘逆冲推覆体(Pamir Front Thrust,PFT)东端的木什滑脱背斜,是帕米尔弧形推覆构造带最前缘和最新的变形带。对地形横剖面、纵剖面和水系发育特征的分析表明,木什背斜总体上具有由西向东扩展生长的特征。在背斜核部及北翼发育数级开阔平坦的沿轴向展布的河流阶地,阶地可划分为4期。利用阶地堆积细颗粒石英光释光测年获得阶地面T2a、T3和T4的形成年龄分别为(15.8±2.40)ka、(55.1±10.3)ka、(131.4±23.9)ka。伴随背斜的生长扩展,河流阶地面发生了横向和纵向掀斜,并形成断层陡坎和褶皱陡坎。木什背斜晚第四纪的缩短和隆升主要是通过褶皱翼旋转机制进行的,估算其最小缩短速率为(1.6±0.3)mm/a,最小隆升速率为(1.9±0.3)mm/a。与此同时,沿轴向背斜发生了向东的侧向迁移和旋转。根据背斜垂直隆升与侧向扩展之间的关系,估算背斜在131～16ka期间向东的侧向迁移扩展速率较快,为 (14.6±3.6)mm/a; 自16ka至今,侧向迁移扩展速率迅速减小至(1.7±0.3)mm/a,背斜向东的迁移扩展可能已基本停止,而以侧向旋转为主。 相似文献
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天山是典型的陆内再生造山带,研究其现今内部断裂的变形特征和活动速率对于认识整个天山造山带的应变分配方式和变形过程具有重要意义。现今天山活动构造的研究大部分集中在天山两侧向盆地扩展的前缘部分,然而对于天山内部活动构造的定量化研究并不多见。该研究聚焦于南天山与其内部山间盆地之间的边界断裂——焉耆盆地北缘断裂,通过野外地质调查可将该断裂分为东西2段,其中东段逆冲断错了一系列山前洪积扇,形成了线性明显的陡坎地貌。通过利用高精度差分GPS对23组断层陡坎的测量,发现其垂向位移大致可分为1.9m、2.4m和3.0m 3组,推测单次地震的同震位移量为0.5~0.6m。其中保存于3.0m左右陡坎的地貌面为区域性地貌面,通过利用原地宇宙成因核素测定该地貌面的暴露年龄约为5ka,这与博斯腾湖沉积物所记录到冷暖气候交替的时间段相符,说明气候的冷暖变化控制了南天山前地貌面的形成和废弃。结合断层陡坎高度及地貌面年龄可得焉耆盆地北缘断裂东段5ka以来的倾滑速率为0.6~0.7mm/a,SN向的地壳缩短速率约为0.4mm/a,垂向滑动速率约为0.5mm/a。依据地震矩计算公式评估焉耆盆地北缘具有发生7.5级强震的可能性。该研究为认识现今天山的变形过程和变形方式提供定量化的数据支持,对于理解天山内部的强震发生地点和地震危险性具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
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研究天山地区活动逆冲断裂、褶皱对于认识整个天山再生造山带的隆升和地震危险性评估具有重要意义。以天山北麓博乐盆地南缘库松木楔克断裂东段勒塔干褶皱为研究对象,通过无人机航拍提取高精度DEM和野外实地调查结果,将勒塔干背斜东部迪里克河附近的洪积扇分为5期,从新到老分别为T1、T2、T3、T4、T5。其中,T4洪积扇完整记录了褶皱的变形历史,其后翼褶皱陡坎高度为（8.1±0.6）m。自T4洪积扇废弃以来,勒塔干断层的滑移量为（33.0±2.6）m。T3洪积扇仅发育在迪里克河出水口处,即勒塔干背斜北侧,（16.9±0.2）m的断层陡坎高度揭示了自T3洪积扇废弃以来,控制背斜形成的逆断层发生了21.4～21.7 m的滑动。通过与相邻地区洪积扇期次进行对比,认为T4洪积扇的废弃年龄为（74.01±6.14）ka,勒塔干背斜下断坡晚第四纪滑动速率为（0.45±0.05）mm/a,勒塔干褶皱晚第四纪地壳缩短速率为（0.37±0.04）mm/a。 相似文献
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《国际地震动态》2017,(9)
天山是远离板块边界的陆内造山带,特点是构造变形复杂强烈,强震多发。天山南北向的变形速率约为20mm/a,约为印度板块与欧亚板块汇聚速率的一半左右,这一变形量是如何被天山吸收的,天山的构造变形又是如何进行的,其构造样式如何?这些关键性问题目前仍存在较大的争论。天山地区主要发育有3组构造带,最显著的是位于南北两侧山前与山体近乎平行的逆断层—褶皱带,同时,在山体内部还发育有一系列NW向的右旋走滑断裂和NEE向的左旋走滑断裂,这些断裂共同控制了天山的新生代构造变形。目前,对于天山山前的逆断裂系统晚第四纪变形特征和滑动速率等方面研究非常丰富,对天山内部NW向的右旋走滑断裂晚第四纪活动特征也有一些定量数据,而对NEE向断裂晚第四纪以来的活动特征目前尚处空白状态。本文以迈丹断裂为切入点,通过对该断裂晚第四纪以来的运动学特征、滑动速率和古地震活动特征等资料的详细研究,获得西南天山地区NEE向断裂晚第四纪活动参数,同时,通过收集和补充调查天山其他主要活动断裂晚第四纪以来的运动特征,完善天山活动断裂几何学和运动学图像;结合已有研究资料、地震活动特征和GPS数据,研究天山内部不同方向、不同运动性质的断裂的活动特征,分析天山这些断裂在天山的构造变形中发挥了怎样的作用,在此基础上进一步研究天山地区的构造变形样式及其与地震的关系。本文得到的主要认识有:迈丹断裂东段控制的阿合奇谷地内发育有多级晚第四纪地貌面,利用光释光、10Be暴露年龄以及14C等方法对玉山古溪两岸的阶地年龄进行了限定,并与气候变化序列进行了比对,得到阶地的废弃形成发生在间冰期或者冰期—间冰期的转换阶段。玉山古溪T6阶地(~20ka)之前,河流平均下切速率与迈丹断裂的活动速率基本一致,表明晚更新世晚期之前,河流的下切与阶地的形成主要受迈丹断裂活动影响,是构造隆升导致的河流快速下切。~20ka之后河流的下切速率开始增大,至全新世中晚期,河流下切速率甚至达到~12mm/a,远远大于断裂的活动速率,表明晚更新世末期以来,河流的下切与阶地的形成主要受气候因素驱动。全新世以来河流下切速率的快速增大,很可能是由于全新世期间气候快速波动造成的。迈丹断裂是一条全新世活动断裂,该断裂晚第四纪以来,以逆冲兼左旋走滑为主,通过精细测量被断错的晚第四纪地貌面和年代学测定,得到断裂的逆冲滑动速率为(1.24±0.20)mm/a,左旋走滑速率为(1.74±0.61)mm/a。迈丹断裂晚第四纪期间发生过多期断错地表的古地震事件,古地震平均复发间隔为3370~4265a,断裂最新一次古地震事件发生在1.76ka之后。迈丹断裂是柯坪推覆构造的根部断裂,该断裂晚第四纪以来发生过多次断错地表的强震事件。古地震研究表明,推覆体前缘的柯坪断裂晚第四纪以来也发生过多期古地震事件,而且两条构造上古地震事件的发生年代很接近,尽管我们并不能确定迈丹断裂最新一次古地震事件是否与柯坪塔格断裂上的是否为同一次事件,但这一现象反映该地区地震破裂存在两种可能:(1)迈丹断裂与柯坪塔格断裂上最新一次古地震事件是同一次事件,这表明迈丹断裂与柯坪塔格断裂具有级联破裂的特征;(2)迈丹断裂上最新一次古地震事件与柯坪塔格断裂上的不是同一期事件,分别单独破裂,虽然两条断裂上的古地震事件不是同期破裂,但均发生在~1.7ka之后,时间间隔不长,表明柯坪推覆构造根部的迈丹断裂和前缘的柯坪塔格断裂之间可能存在相互的影响或关联,柯坪地区的强震活动具有丛集发生的特征。迈丹断裂晚第四纪活动的发现,表明西南天山柯坪推覆构造与天山其他地区的推覆构造变形模式不同,推覆体最前缘的柯坪断裂活动强烈,而根部断裂晚第四纪以来也有很强的活动,断裂的新活动并没有完全迁移到推覆体前缘的新生构造带上,这可能是一种无序或反序的构造变形模式。西南天山地区的左旋走滑运动主要发生在推覆体根部的迈丹断裂上,推覆体前缘的逆断裂—背斜以逆冲运动为主,没有明显的走滑运动。GPS资料表明,普昌断裂以西的地区,应变没有完全闭锁集中在根部的迈丹断裂上,一部分应变通过滑脱面传递到前缘的逆断裂-背斜带上;在柯坪推覆构造的东部地区,从根部的迈丹断裂至前缘的柯坪塔格断裂可能是一个孕震体系,震间的形变主要在推覆体根部的构造上闭锁,前缘构造基本没有明显变形,这可能是柯坪推覆构造东西两侧中小地震活动存在明显差异的主要原因。西南天山还发育有两条NEE走向的断裂,通过变形地貌测量与年代学测定得到那拉提断裂晚第四纪以来以左旋逆冲运动为主,断裂逆冲速率~2.1 mm/a,左旋走滑速率为~2.5mm/a;克敏断裂也是一条左旋走滑断裂,断裂的左旋走滑速率为~1.5mm/a。西南天山3条NEE向的断裂带吸收了~6mm/a的左旋走滑运动,与塔里木斜向俯冲造成的左旋走滑运动量基本一致,这表明塔里木斜向俯冲造成的左旋走滑运动在西南天山地区基本被分解吸收。西南天山地区吸收了塔里木向天山俯冲汇聚绝大部分的压缩速率和左旋剪切运动,挤压缩短在山体内部和山前的新生褶皱带上均有分配,左旋剪切则主要发生在天山内部高角度的边界断裂上,整个西南天山构成了一个大型的花状构造。在天山南北两侧,构造变形以逆断层为代表的地壳缩短和增厚为特征,而天山内部则为一个大型的剪切带,同时还具有明显的逆冲运动。天山地区主要存在两组走滑断裂,一是NEE向的左旋走滑构造,另一组是NW-NWW向的右旋走滑断裂,这两组断裂主要发育在天山内部,但这些断裂共同调节了山体内部的走滑剪切运动,山体内部高角度的走滑逆冲断裂与山前低倾角的逆冲断裂系共同组成了天山构造变形图像。天山地区的压缩变形主要分布在天山南北两侧的山前地区,而天山内部的活动断裂则具有明显的走滑分量,在剖面上,整个天山形成了一个大型的花状构造。尽管天山整体的构造变形为西强东弱,不同地区变形强度和幅度差异较大,但是天山南北和东西两侧的构造变形样式还是基本对称的。受塔里木块体向北的挤压作用,西南天山地区总体走向为NEE向,南天山东段整体则呈NWW走向,与塔里木与南天山的分界断裂在形态上构成一个"三角形"向北楔入。整个西南天山内部是一个大型的左旋剪切带,南天山东段整体为右旋走滑性质,塔里木和南天山之间的边界断裂以逆冲运动为主。在天山北部受到刚性准噶尔地块阻挡的作用下,北天山西段构造线整体NW-NWW向,而90°E以东的北天山地区构造线整体为NEE走向,与近东西走向的准噶尔与北天山的分界断裂在形态上构成一个倒"三角形"向南楔入。北天山西段右旋走滑性质的博—阿断裂和喀什河断裂所围限的楔形块体整体向西运动,北天山东段NEE向的左旋走滑断裂构成了倒"三角楔"的东边界,准噶尔与北天山的分界逆冲断裂带是"三角楔"的底界。在近南北向的挤压应力下,天山的构造变形整体以压缩变形为主,山体内部发育的一系列走滑构造带表明,天山在东西方向上还存在一定的侧向挤出,这些走滑断裂调节了天山不同地区压缩量的差异。地质数据和GPS资料均证实,天山地区逆冲运动量要明显大于走滑分量,山体内部走滑断裂所控制的块体虽然存在向东西两侧的侧向挤出,但与南北向最大达~18mm/a的压缩速率相比,变形速率不高,侧向挤出幅度有限。 相似文献
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HOLOCENE SLIP RATE AND EARTHQUAKE HAZARD OF THE NORTH-EDGE FAULT OF THE YANQI BASIN,SOUTHEASTERN TIAN SHAN,CHINA 
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下载免费PDF全文 The Tian Shan Mountains is an active orogen in the continent. Previous studies on its tectonic deformation focus on the expanding fronts to basins on either side, while little work has been done on its interiors. This work studied the north-edge fault of the Yanqi Basin on the southeastern flank of Tian Shan. Typical offset landforms, and lineaments of scarps on the eastern segment of this fault were used to constrain the vertical displacement and shortening rates. Geological and geomorphic mapping in conjunction with high-resolution GPS differential measurement reveals that the vertical offsets can be divided into three groups of 1.9m, 2.4m and 3.0m, and the coseismic vertical offset was estimated as 0.5~0.6m. In situ 10Be terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide dating of three big boulders capping the regional geomorphic surface that preserved 3.0m vertical offset suggests that the surfaces were exposed at~5ka. Meanwhile, the lacustrine sediments from Bosten Lake within the Yanqi Basin suggest climate change during cooling-warming transitions was also at~5ka. The climate, therefore, controlled creation and abandonment of geomorphic surfaces in southern piedmont of Tian Shan. Combining the exposure ages and vertical offsets, we inferred that the east section of the north-edge fault in the Yanqi Basin has a dip slip rate 0.6~0.7mm/a,~0.5mm/a of vertical slip and~0.4mm/a of shortening since 5ka. Based on calculation of earthquake moment, we estimated that this fault is capable of generating M7.5 earthquakes in the future. This study provides new data for further understanding tectonic deformation of Tian Shan and is useful in seismic hazard assessment of this area. 相似文献
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THE LATE QUATERNARY TECTONIC DEFORMATION REVEALED BY THE TERRACES ON THE BAIYANG RIVER IN THE NORTHERN QILIAN MOUNTAINS 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The Qilian Mountains, as a major orogenic belt in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau, is the forefront of the expansion of the plateau to the northeast, where thrusts and folds dominate tectonic deformation. The Baiyang River starts from the inner Qilian Mountains, flowing northward across various structures, and finally into the Jiuxi Basin. This work focused on exhaustive investigations to the terraces on this river to characterize the Late Quaternary tectonic deformation in this region. The results show that (1)these river terraces on the Baiyang River are segmented, of which multiple levels developed at steep terrains and anticlines in the basin. Bounded by the Niutou Mountains, mainly 2-3 and 4-5 levels of terraces formed in the upper and lower reaches, respectively. (2)The longitudinal profiles along the river suggest a vertical motion rate of the Changma fault as (0.32±0.09)mm/a and crustal shortening rate (0.12±0.09)mm/a. There was no vertical activity since the formation of T5 surface (13ka)on the Hanxia-Dahuanggou fault. At the terrace T5 (9ka)on the Laojunmiao anticline, fold uplift amounts (6.55±0.5)m and shortening amounts (3.47±0.5)m, yielding uplift and shortening rates (1.23±0.81)mm/a and (0.67±0.44)mm/a, respectively. The Baiyang River anticline began to be active about 300ka with uplift and shortening rates (0.21±0.02)mm/a and (0.14±0.03)mm/a, respectively since 170ka. (3)In the Qilian Mountains, there were two different deformation characteristics in response to the expansion of the Tibetan plateau. Shear deformation dominates the inner Qilian Mountains, which is manifested as lateral extrusion of blocks. In the northern margin of Qilian Mountains and Jiuxi Basin, the deformation is dominated by compression, expressing crustal shortening and uplift, and the shortening within the basin accounts about half of the total deformation. 相似文献
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The Beiluntai Fault is a Holocene active fault. It is the boundary between southern Tian Shan and Tarim Basin. Since the late Quaternary, steady activities of the Beiluntai fault have resulted in offsets, folds, and uplift of pluvial terraces. We used the high-resolution RTK topographic surveys to reveal that the fault scarp morphology on the Akeaiken(Ak) segment and Zhuanchang(Zc) segment of the Beiluntai fault. We found that the crustal shortening of Ak and Zc segments are dominated by thrusting and folding-uplift, respectively. We employed th optically stimulated luminescence(OSL) dating method to develop a new chronology for the different pluvial terraces, indicating that they formed at 49.14~58.51, 27±3, 13.72~14.64, 7.13±0.88, (3.32±0.43) ka, respectively. These data permitted to estimate the crustal shortening rate(about 2.4mm/a) remains largely constant on the Ak segment, while the crustal shortening rate of Zc segment was 1.43~1.81mm/a since the Fan4 pluvial terraces was abandoned. Compared with the Ak segment, the crustal shortening rate of the Zc segment declined obviously. This shows that the NS-trending crustal shortening rate of the Beituntai fault decreased gradually from west to east. A comprehensive comparison of the reverse fault-fold belt system in the front of southern Tian Shan also indicates that the crustal shortening rate drops from west to east. 相似文献
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Lionel Siame Olivier Bellier Rgis Braucher Michel Sbrier Marc Cushing Didier Bourls Bruno Hamelin Emmanuel Baroux Beatrice de Voogd Grant Raisbeck Franoise Yiou 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2004,220(3-4):345-364
Over the past decade, in situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides have revolutionised the study of landscape evolution. In particular, numerous studies have demonstrated that, in active tectonic settings, cosmic ray exposure dating of deformed or displaced geomorphic features makes it possible to quantify long-term deformation rates. In western European countries, erosion due to climatically driven processes and human activities is probably the factor that most limits the accuracy of exposure ages and landscape modification rates. In this study, we present the results of a depth-profiling technique applied to alluvial terraces located along the Rhône and the Moyenne Durance rivers. The expected decrease with depth of the measured 10Be concentrations has been modelled using a χ2 inversion method in order to constrain the exposure history of the alluvial sediments. The results suggest that: (1) over the Quaternary, the local surface erosion rates including both regional uplift and climatically driven processes acting on landforms are on the order of 30 m/Myr in southeastern France, and (2) providing a fairly good bracketing of the exposure age, the modelled abandonment age of alluvial terraces affected by the Moyenne Durance Fault allows estimating incision rates, comparing the alluvial terrace elevations with topographic river profiles, and a minimum vertical slip rate value of roughly 0.02 mm/yr for the southern segment of the Moyenne Durance Fault. 相似文献
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祁连山西段酒西盆地区阶地构造变形的研究 总被引：25，自引：3，他引：22
对祁连山西段酒西盆地晚第四纪阶地的研究表明,该区早第四纪以挤压褶皱、逆冲为特征的构造变形在晚更新世期间乃至全新世仍继承性地进行着,表现为横穿褶皱和逆断裂带的河流及冲沟阶地面的形成、阶地类型的转变、阶地级数的增多和阶地面被断错或发生拱曲变形．其中祁连山北缘大断裂晚更新世晚期以来的垂直运动速率约为１．９２～２．００ｍｍ／ａ．老君庙背斜逆断裂带在晚更新世初以来的垂直运动速率约为１．１５～２．５６ｍｍ／ａ．白杨河背斜逆断裂带晚更新世初以来的垂直运动速率约为０．３２～０．５８ｍｍ／ａ． 相似文献
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塔里木盆地新疆喀什以西部分是西南天山和帕米尔两大对冲构造系统的会聚带,关于两者变形前缘和分界的确切位置存在不同认识.在乌恰县以南的玛依卡克盆地南缘,清晰可见属于帕米尔构造带、向N或NNE逆冲的帕米尔前缘逆冲推覆体(PFT).最近野外调查在盆地北部发现了西南天山前缘的最新变形带:向南逆冲的乌拉根背斜南翼断层.断层总体近E... 相似文献
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位于龙门山逆冲推覆构造带东侧的龙泉山背斜,构成了四川前陆盆地的前陆隆起。通过室内航空相片对凯江跨背斜段的地貌面的解译,结合野外考察可知凯江发育3级阶地,其中T1、T2为堆积阶地,T3为基座阶地。在野外用差分GPS测量了阶地的空间坐标信息,同时采集了各级阶地堆积物的测年样本,并经实验分析约束了阶地的形成年龄。另外,对石油地震剖面解译揭示出龙泉山背斜北段地壳缩短和隆升主要是通过褶皱膝折带迁移机制进行的,滑脱层的深度约6km。利用面积守恒准则计算出龙泉山背斜晚更新世以来的地壳缩短速率约为(1.36±0.41)mm/a、隆升速率为(0.64±0.19)mm/a。通过滑脱层的推覆抬升机制形成的龙泉山背斜,给青藏高原东缘变形模式中的逆断层推覆地壳缩短造山增加了证据。 相似文献
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The island of Crete in the forearc of the Hellenic subduction zone has a rugged topography with local relief exceeding 2 km. Based on the elevation of marine shorelines, rates of rock uplift during the Late Holocene were previously estimated to range between 1 and 4 mm/a in different parts of the island. These rates may, however, not be representative for longer timescales, because subduction earthquakes with up to 9 m of vertical coseismic displacement have affected Crete in the Late Holocene. Here we use a well preserved sequence of marine terraces near Kato Zakros in eastern Crete to determine the rate of rock uplift over the last ∼600 ka. Field investigations and topographic profiles document a flight of more than 13 marine bedrock terraces that were carved into limestones of the Tripolitza unit. Preliminary age constraints for the terraces were obtained by 10Be exposure dating of rare quartz-bearing sandstone clasts, which are present on some terraces. The 10Be ages of these samples, which have been corrected for an inherited nuclide component, yielded exposure ages between ∼100 ka and zero. Combined with geomorphologic evidence the two oldest 10Be ages suggest that the terraces T4 and T5, with shoreline angles at an elevation of ∼68 and ∼76 m above sea level, respectively, formed during the marine isotope stage 5e about 120 ka ago. The correlation of the higher terraces (T6 to T13) with regional sea-level highstands indicates sustained rock uplift at a rate of ∼0.5 m/ka since at least ∼600 ka. As normal faulting has dominated the tectonics of Crete during the last several million years, upper crustal shortening can be ruled out as a cause for rock uplift. We argue that the sustained uplift of the island results from the continuous underplating of sediments, which are transferred from the subducting African plate to the base of the crust beneath Crete. 相似文献