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1.
硅酸盐风化被称为"地质空调",影响着地球的长期气候变化。控制硅酸盐风化速率的影响因素有很多,包括岩性、植被、气候和构造等。为了探讨岩性单一变量对于硅酸盐风化速率的影响,选取云南省腾冲市北海湿地的数十平方千米区域作为研究对象。该区域仅有花岗岩和安山岩两种岩性出露,花岗岩流域和安山岩流域的构造活动一致,温度、降雨量、径流量等气候条件相同,植被的发育情况也完全相似。基于上述情况,对区域内采集的4个河水样品和1个雨水样品开展水化学质量平衡计算。结果表明:大气输入、硅酸盐风化和碳酸盐风化对于采样流域主量阳离子的贡献比例平均值分别为8.1%、76.5%、16.0%;采样区域内硅酸盐和碳酸盐风化速率平均值分别为5.68、9.96t·km~(-2)·年~(-1),大气CO_2消耗速率分别为2.68×10~5、0.29×10~5 mol·km~(-2)·年~(-1);花岗岩和安山岩的风化速率分别为3.22、8.14t·km~(-2)·年~(-1)。安山岩的风化速率是花岗岩的2.5倍,表明在植被、气候、构造等条件一致的情况下,岩性对化学风化的影响占主导地位。 相似文献
2.
四川省小流域泥石流危险性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
泥石流危险性评价是泥石流防灾减灾的重要内容。本文以四川省为研究区,以DEM为数据源,通过提取水流方向,计算汇流累积量,实现四川省小流域划分。基于收集的已查明泥石流流域资料,分析了泥石流孕灾环境与成灾特点,选择流域高差、流域面积为指标,建立基于能量条件的潜势泥石流流域判识模型,对划分的小流域进行判识,识别出7798个小流域具备泥石流发生所需能量条件,面积为31.1×104 km2,占四川省总面积的64.18 %。进而建立了泥石流危险性评价指标体系和可拓物元模型,开展了小流域泥石流危险性评价,划分了危险度等级,得到中度、高度、极高危险区的小流域个数分别为1946、1725和1002个,面积分别为9.1×104、7.7×104和3.4×104 km2,中度以上危险区面积共20.2×104 km2,占四川省总面积的41.67%。最后对评价结果可靠性和各等级泥石流危险区在各地市级行政区、各大流域的分布进行了分析。其结果对促进泥石流判识与危险性评价理论,区域泥石流防灾减灾与山区可持续发展等具有重要的理论和现实意义。 相似文献
3.
依据工程地质调查、土工试验、~(14)C测年及古生物鉴定,从莱州湾滨海地区的早全新世高黏粒软土中识别出3种古地理沉积环境。分析发现,软土黏粒含量高、呈暗色调,属埋藏型。颗粒级配、压缩模量等物理力学指标差异则指示了同期异相沉积软土的工程地质特征。采取Q型聚类分析,将莱州湾早全新世高黏粒软土划分为下三角洲相沉积软土、潮平相沉积软土、湖沼相沉积软土。通过统计分析,掌握了滨海区软土工程地质特性,为合理选取土工试验参数提供沉积学依据,为合理利用天然地基提供参考。 相似文献
4.
高精度CT成像技术在致密油储层孔隙结构研究中的应用——以准噶尔盆地玛湖西斜坡风城组为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
《东北石油大学学报》2016,(6)
二叠系下统风城组为准噶尔盆地玛湖西斜坡致密油主力产层。基于CT成像的三维高精度储层表征、扫描电镜和压汞测试等方法,分析风城组致密油储层微观孔隙结构。选取并制备直径为65μm的CT实验样品进行纳米尺度扫描,构建纳米级孔隙三维结构模型,分析不同深度样品物性特征,以及孔喉大小、形态、空间分布和连通性。结果表明:在微米尺度下,实验样品孔喉大小差异大,半径为2~50μm,呈孤立状或条带状分布于粒间或粒内,数量少但占孔隙体积大;在纳米尺度下,样品孔喉半径为0.05~0.30μm,纳米级孔隙数量增多,呈管状或球状分布于矿物颗粒(晶体)内部或表面,纳米级球状微孔连通性较差,三维空间呈孤立状,多作为储集空间;计算样品孔隙度与岩心分析孔隙度结果接近。该研究结果可为研究区致密油储层进一步勘探提供指导。 相似文献
5.
为了探讨首次在闽西发现的网纹红土的成因,采用将永安地区网纹红土的粒度实验结果与典型风成沉积物、现代河流沉积物以及其他地区的网纹红土相对比的方法,对位于闽西永安地区的网纹红土剖面进行了粒度分析。结果表明:永安地区网纹红土以粉砂级组分为主,黏粒组分次之,砂级组分最少,全部样品属于黏土质粉砂;剖面从上到下粉砂级组分、黏粒组分逐渐增多,砂级组分明显逐渐减少;10~50 μm粒组体积分数均值为29.71%,远低于典型风成沉积物;沉积物岩性三角图、粒度参数特征、粒度参数散点图、Mz-A图和Mz-L图以及频率曲线显示永安地区网纹红土不是风积成因,但也不是典型的冲积成因;判别函数结果均为正值,显示了水成成因;永安地区网纹红土的成因是两方面的,为冲积成因下经过强烈化学风化作用的产物,福建其他地区、江西泰和以及广东东江一级阶地的网纹红土也具有相同成因。研究结果进一步明确了福建省境内网纹红土的分布,同时更深入理解与认识了网纹红土的成因。 相似文献
6.
天然煤矸石级配极不均匀,多变量控制下的击实特性试验研究对其合理利用有着重要意义。以广西合山市某煤矸石堆为例,现场筛分得到该煤矸石堆天然矸石级配曲线,并设计了5种人工级配试验样进行击实试验,得到不同级配煤矸石的最佳含水率和最大干密度。测试了不同击实数(不同击实能量)作用下煤矸石的破碎值及休止角等指标参数。研究表明:煤矸石击实性受含水率、颗粒级配和击实能量等因素影响,大于5 mm的粗颗粒质量分数(P5)为70%时击实效果最佳;随着粗颗粒含量的增加,击实最优含水率由P5=10%的8%降低为P5=70%的4%;煤矸石击实过程可以简化为3个阶段:初期的颗粒间压密、中期的颗粒破碎和后期的弹性回弹,击实破碎可以有效地改善其散体的级配条件,在填筑工程施工过程中,应确保单位体积击实能量不小于437 kJ/m3;煤矸石休止角与颗粒级配及击实程度关系密切,P5=70%时煤矸石休止角最大。 相似文献
7.
小冰期以来岱海地区的环境变迁与尘暴事件 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据高分辨率的湖泊沉积物粒度、Rb/Sr比、磁化率的综合分析,结合区域降水、历史记载资料,重建了内蒙古岱海地区近500年来以小冰期为特征的、具有100年准周期(经谱分析)的古环境变迁及受其制约发生的尘暴事件历史.结果表明,湖泊沉积物中Rb/Sr比值很好地反映了流域陆地受古环境状态变化控制的化学风化率的历史,而尘暴事件则主要是受冬、夏季风的相对强弱制约的.大量尘暴事件频发于小冰期干冷的气候条件下,表现为流域化学风化强度减弱、沉积物中粗颗粒含量高、中值粒径大.在转暖的现代气候下,尘暴事件很少,化学风化增强,沉积物中的粗颗粒含量及中值粒径也随之降低.但是近十几年,在化学风化仍相对较强的气候条件下,尘暴事件却呈上升趋势,这可能与人类活动造成的温室效应及土地荒漠化有关. 相似文献
8.
以流域作为山-水-林-田-湖-草生命共同体的研究尺度和载体,流域生态学在国家生态文明建设中所发挥的学科支撑作用日益重要。“流域生态系统结构-过程-功能-机制-调控”是流域生态学的研究范式,其中空间结构量化及其指标体系构建是流域生态学开展定量研究的一个关键途径。尽管流域生态系统空间结构量化的指标体系涉及到淡水生态学、陆地生态系统生态学、水土保持学、农业环境学和水利工程学等多个学科,但仍未在流域尺度上形成生态系统空间结构整合量化框架体系。基于此,总结了多个关联学科在流域生态系统空间结构量化的研究方法和成果,着重分析了流域生态学在流域尺度上量化生态系统空间结构的难点,并重点以等级结构和集合生态系统理论为基础构建了流域生态系统空间结构量化指标体系,包括流域整体指标、各结构成分指标和结构成分间关系指标,为量化流域生态系统空间结构和结构成分之间关系提供了新方法,对尝试推动流域生态学在山-水-林-田-湖-草生命共同体的耦合定量研究及评估应用具有重要的科学价值。 相似文献
9.
地形地貌是岩性解译的重要信息,地形因子作为描述DEM数字曲面几何特征的定量指标参数,可用来定量化表达不同岩性所在地区地形地貌特征。本文以桂林-阳朔地区为研究区,研究地形因子数学、地质意义,建立岩性与地形因子组合间的定量关联,进而实现岩石类型划分。本文基于ASTERGDEM提取坡度、起伏度等12个地形因子,在分析各个地形因子地质意义基础上,通过聚类分析及方差分析的多元统计分析方法,研究各岩性地形因子特性及其关联性,建立研究区岩性之间的定量差异;此外,利用因子分析方法研究岩性分类过程中的主导因素,确定适宜岩性分类方法以实现定量化岩性分类。实验结果表明：不同岩性、不同地形地貌的地形因子（组合）之间具有显著差异,基于因子分析得到的宏观地形复杂度指数（MTI）以及微观曲率指数（MCI）对岩石类型的分类精度达77.36%。研究表明,地形复杂度等地形因子可用于岩性分类,采用因子分析方法可获取反映地形地貌宏观、微观特征的定量指标,且岩性分类效果良好。 相似文献
10.
矿业活动产生的渣体是不规则颗粒介质, 具有级配复杂、结构不稳定的特征, 颗粒间通过力链传递应力。以典型铜矿渣为研究对象, 借助CT扫描技术获得矿渣的颗粒结构形态, 通过开展不同粗颗粒含量的平面压缩试验和数值模拟试验, 得到宏观力学变形曲线及力链发展过程和颗粒结构变化, 讨论颗粒结构和力链发展协同作用对宏观力学性质的影响机制, 以及颗粒介质材料压缩发展规律。结果表明: 矿渣类颗粒介质材料的力链发展方向与压力方向一致; 矿渣宏观抗压性能随>5 mm粗颗粒含量的增加先增后减, 在最优粗细颗粒配比50%处达到最大抗压强度; 颗粒结构和力链间软硬结构存在显著的协同演化; 压缩过程中内部存在快速压密、颗粒破碎和稳定压缩3个阶段。在矿渣堆填过程中, 除控制其粗颗粒在最优级配外, 保持均匀填筑和合理的压实使其进入稳定压缩阶段也非常重要。 相似文献
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12.
The ability of cell to modulate the fluidity of plasma membrane was crucial to the survival of microorganism at low temperature. Plasma membrane proteins, fatty acids and carotenoids profiles of Antarctic psychrophilc yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 were investigated at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. The results showed that plasma membrane protein content was greater at -3 ℃ than that at 8 ℃, and a unique membrane polypeptide composition with an apparent molecular mass of 94.7 kDa was newly synthesized with SDS-PAGE analysis; GC analysis showed that the main changes of fatty acids were the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 2) and shorter chain saturated fatty acid (C10∶ 0) increased along with the decrease of the culture temperature from 8 ℃ to -3 ℃; HPLC analysis indicated that astaxanthin was the major functional carotenoids of the plasma membrane, percentage of which increased from 54.6±1.5% at 8 ℃ to 81.9±2.1% at -3 ℃. However the fluidity of plasma membrane which was determined by measuring fluorescence anisotropy was similar at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. Hence these changes in plasma membrane's characteristics were involved in the cellular cold-adaptation by which NJ298 could maintain normal plasma membrane fluidity at near-freezing temperature. 相似文献
13.
《极地研究(英文版)》2014,(4)
正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprehensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose 相似文献
14.
《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,(4)
<正>Copyright Submfnion of a roanusatpt inks:that the work described has not been published before(exoept In the form of an abstrW or as part of a published lecture,review,or thesis);that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere that its publication has been approved by ail 相似文献
15.
《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,(6)
<正>The Journal of Ocean University of China(Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research)is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China,published one volume per year.This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research results on oceanography and marine fisheries.The fieldcovered include the physical,chemical,biological,geo- 相似文献
16.
Massimo GRECO 《山地科学学报》2014,(6):1383-1384
<正>The 35th IAHR World Congress was held in Chengdu,China from September 8 to September 132013.The title of the conference was:"The Wise Finds Pleasure in Water:Meandering through Water Science and Engineering".During the congress,1239 papers were presented in 139sessions for oral presentations and 7 sessions for poster presentations.After the Congress,a Committee was appointed to select some of the best papers presented at the Congress for publication,after a 相似文献
17.
As an important component of the cryosphere,sea ice is very sensitive to the climate change.The study of the sea ice physics needs accurate sea ice thickness.This paper presents an electromagnetic-induction(EM) technique which can be used to measure the sea ice thickness distribution efficiently,and the successful application in Bothnian Bay.Based on the electromagnetic field theory and the electrical properties of sea ice and seawater,EM technique can detect the distance between the instrument and the ice/water interface accurately,than the sea ice thickness is obtained.Contrastive analysis of the apparent conductivity data obtained by EM and the value of drill-hole at same positions allows a construction of a transformable formula of the apparent conductivity to sea ice thickness.The verification of the sea ice thickness calculated by this formula indicates that EM technique is able to get reliable sea ice thickness with average relative error of only 12%.The statistic of all ice thickness profiles shows that the level ice distribution in Bothnian Bay was 0.4-0.6 m. 相似文献
18.
Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area. 相似文献
19.
Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter. 相似文献
20.
《极地研究(英文版)》2014,(3)
正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied 相似文献