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1.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,(7)
基于全球海洋模式OGCTM(Ocean General Circulation and Tide Model),利用19年(1992—2011年)的卫星高度计资料调和分析得到全球分潮调和常数回报逐时正压潮水位;采用Nudging(牛顿松弛逼近)方法进行潮汐同化,针对Nudging松弛项的差分方案以及松弛系数进行了数值试验研究。一系列试验结果表明,不论采用显式还是隐式Nudging松弛方案,模式结果的偏差会随着松弛系数的增加先减小后增大,松弛系数最优值为1×10~(-5);当松弛系数太大时,会造成模式的溢出。Nudging松弛项采用隐式差分方案可以显著提高松弛系数的阈值;松弛系数在适当的取值范围内时,加入Nudging松弛项的数值试验描述的潮汐特征要明显优于未加Nudging松弛项的数值试验描述的潮汐特征;在最优Nudging松弛方案下,Nudging松弛方法对全日分潮的振幅模拟准确度可提高50%,对半日分潮的振幅模拟准确度可提高56%。试验结果也表明了Nudging方法作为一种简单的同化方法的可行性和有效性。 相似文献
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基于非结构网格半隐式跨尺度海洋模式（semi-implicit cross-scale hydroscience integrated system model,SCHISM）,作者采用非结构三角网格,对全球大洋潮波进行数值模拟。通过调和分析,将196个潮位站的实测数据与模拟结果进行比较验证,两者符合良好,M2、K1分潮同潮图的形态也与TPXO8、FES2014b和NAO.99b模型给出的相似。根据模拟结果,给出了M2、S2、K1、O14个主要分潮的同潮图。结果表明,太平洋中存在8个M2分潮无潮点,大西洋中存在4个M2分潮无潮点,印度洋中存在3个M2分潮无潮点。总体上来说,M2分潮在北太平洋和北大西洋东岸附近海域的振幅大于西岸附近海域的振幅,而在南太平洋和南大西洋情况相反。S2分潮分布特征与M2分潮类似,但振幅较小。太平洋中存在5个K1分潮无潮点,大西洋中存在3个K1分潮无潮点,印度洋中存在2个K1分潮无潮点。K1分潮的振幅普遍较小,在大部分海域不超过30 cm,在北太平洋和南极洲附近海域,由大洋向近岸有增加的趋势。太平洋中存在4个O1分潮无潮点,大西洋和印度洋中各存在2个无潮点。O1分潮在大部分海域不超过20 cm,在北太平洋和南极洲附近海域,由大洋向近岸有增加的趋势。最后,讨论了本模型与对比模型之间误差存在的原因。 相似文献
3.
渤、黄、东海潮汐的一种验潮站资料同化数值模式 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以往的研究表明,采用直接的数值计算所得渤、黄、东海潮汐分布与实测值存在一定偏差。为了改善数值计算结果,建立了一种同化数值模式。计算中,在连续方程中增加了一个松弛项,将模式结果向已有实测调和常数的控制点推算潮高值趋近。在数值模拟中,共选取40个沿岸和岛屿验潮站作为控制点,另外选取71个验潮站作为检验点。数值实验表明,随着松弛系数的增加,控制点的计算和实测调和常数之差逐渐减小,直至松弛系数太大时,计算溢出。与此同时,检验点的计算和实测调和常数之偏差开始时也同步地明显减小,但当松弛系数加大到一定数值后,偏差值基本上不再减小,表明通过松弛同化可以改善计算结果,但计算与实测的逼近程度仍有一定限度。对沿岸111个验潮站计算值与实测值的比较表明,对M2分潮,振幅和迟角偏差分别从同化前的6.9cm和5.6°减小至同化后的3.5cm和3.1°;对S2分潮,从2.5cm和6.5°减小至1.9cm和4.0°;对K1分潮,从3.0cm和7.8°减小至1.4cm和4.1°;对O1分潮,从2.0cm和7.5°减小至1.3cm和4.2°。 相似文献
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建立南海潮波模式及其伴随同化模式,在传统二维潮波方程的基础上加入了内潮耗散项,考虑了内潮耗散对南海潮波系统的影响,在前人工作基础上,改进了内潮耗散参数化方案,并给出内潮耗散项中地形效应参数的计算公式;通过对比,本文的参数化方案比前人参数化方案能取得更为合理的模拟结果。以63个验潮站和24个TOPEX/Poseidon卫星高度计轨道交叉点处的调和常数作为观测值,利用伴随同化方法来优化模式中的底摩擦系数和内潮耗散系数。为了寻求最优的优化方案,设计了7组数值实验。实验结果表明,实验7先优化内潮耗散系数再优化底摩擦系数的模拟结果最优。利用实验7的模拟结果分析了南海M2分潮的潮波特征,与前人结果基本一致。 相似文献
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中国海区风暴潮数值试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文叙述中国海区9个台风风暴潮个例数值模拟结果。整个中国海海域分成三个子区,采用交替方向隐式差分方法积分模式方程组,计算结果指出所提出的方案对业务预报的可能性和进一步急待解决的问题。 相似文献
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西北太平洋的一种潮汐数值同化模型 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用FVCOM海洋数值模式,在球坐标系统下考虑非线性效应和天体引潮力的影响,基于非结构的三角形网格建立了包括中国近海、日本海、鄂霍次科海和部分西北太平洋海域的高分辨率海洋潮汐数值模型,并采用趋近法同化84个沿岸验潮站的观测资料。模拟结果与175个验潮站的实测结果拟合良好,M2,S2,K1,O1四个主要分潮振幅和迟角的绝对平均误差分别为4.0 cm和5.6°,2.4 cm和7.5°,2.6 cm和6.3°,1.5 cm和5.0°。依据调和分析结果给出了4个主要分潮的同潮图分布,得到8个半日分潮和5个全日分潮的无潮点,证实了宗谷海峡全日潮无潮点的存在,首次模拟得到津轻海峡的全日潮无潮点;还给出了整个计算海域内最大可能潮差和潮汐余水位的分布特征。 相似文献
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太平洋潮波特征比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对TOPEX/Poseidon高度计资料直接分析得到4个主要分潮(M2、K1、S2和O1)的调和常数,将其与全球大洋潮波模式TPXO6.2的模拟结果以及太平洋中48个验潮站观测资料的分析结果进行了系统比较,得出高度计资料直接分析结果与潮波模式模拟结果总体比较一致.模拟出的无潮点的位置和高度计资料直接分析结果有差异,且K1和O1分潮差异较大.与站点结果比较表明TPXO6.2模式模拟结果与验潮站观测结果的振幅绝对偏差小于2cm的站点的百分比达到85%,迟角绝对偏差小于40°的站点的百分比达到70%以上,比高度计资料直接分析结果精确;矢量均方根误差比较表明,太平洋中部结果比整个太平洋结果准确,太平洋矢量均方根误差的值和其他研究者、其他模式的结果近似. 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(12)
采用有限体积近岸海洋模型FVCOM,基于渤海2004和2014年的岸线地形数据,构建渤海2个年份的三维潮汐潮流数值模式;通过数值模拟研究,探讨了渤海岸线地形变化对潮波系统和潮流性质的影响。数值模拟结果表明:岸线地形变化后,半日分潮潮时在渤海湾、莱州湾和渤海中部东南海域提前,在辽东湾和渤海中部西北海域滞后;振幅在渤海湾及辽东湾增大,在莱州湾及渤海中部减小;位于秦皇岛和黄河口的半日分潮无潮点位置分别向西南和东南方向移动。渤海绝大部分海域全日分潮潮时提前,振幅增大,位于渤海海峡的全日潮无潮点位置向东移动。潮流性质系数在莱州湾增大,在渤海其他大部分海域减小,渤海规则半日潮流海区范围略有增加,不规则半日潮流海区范围相应减少。 相似文献
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渤海潮汐和潮流数值计算 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文采用交替方向隐式方法积分二维非线性潮汐方程组，在开边界给定潮汐调和常数，计算渤海域最有代表性的半日分潮Ｍ２和全日分潮Ｋ１，利用准调和分析方法给出了两个分潮的同潮图和潮流椭圆图，与实测结果比较，计算结果是令人满意，基本上反映了渤海半日潮和全日潮波运动。本文也计算和讨论了潮汐能量平衡和耗散及潮流分布。利用潮汐和风暴潮耦合模式模拟了潮汐和风暴潮的相互作用。 相似文献
10.
Nudging资料同化对北极海冰密集度预报的改进 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
北极夏季海冰的快速减少使得北极航道提前开通成为可能。为了给北极冰区船运活动提供及时可靠有效的海冰预报保障,急需提高海冰预报水平。本文基于麻省理工大学通用环流模式(MITgcm),使用牛顿松弛逼近(Nudging)资料同化方法将德国不莱梅大学的第二代先进微波辐射成像仪(AMSR2)海冰密集度资料同化到模式中,建立了北极海冰数值预报系统。设计试验对比3种不同Nudging系数计算方案的改进效果,结果表明选择合适参数后,不同方案均能显著改进海冰密集度初始场。通过设计有无Nudging同化的两组预报试验,结合卫星遥感海冰密集度及中国第五次北极科学考察期间"雪龙"船的走航海冰密集度观测数据,定量分析了Nudging同化方案对北极海冰密集度的24~120 h预报结果的改进效果。结果表明,Nudging同化对120 h内全北极海冰密集度的空间分布和移动单点目标的海冰密集度预报结果均有显著改善;但在海冰变化很小的情况下,Nudging同化试验的24~120 h预报结果均劣于惯性预报结果,说明基于Nudging同化的数值预报系统还需进一步提高预报技巧。 相似文献
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Size-fractionated uranium isotopes in surface waters in the Jiulong Estuary in China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
L&#; E ZHANG Lei CHEN Min QIU Yusheng XING N YANG Weifeng LI Yanping HUANG Yipu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(1):29-41
Surface water was collected from the Jiulong Estuary for determination of activity concentrations of uranium isotopes in different size fractions, namely, greater than 53, 10 -53, 2 - 10, 0.4 -2 μm, 10 000 u -0.4 μm and less than 10 000 u fractions by microfihration and cross-flow uhrafiltration technologies. Results indicated that most of the dissolved uranium （ 〈 0.4 μm） exis- ted in the low molecular mass fraction （ 〈 10 000 u）, and the colloidal uranium-238 （10 000 u -0.4 μm） only contributed less than 1% of the dissolved uranium-238. The fractions of colloidal uranium in the dissolved phases decreased with the increasing sa- linity. A positive linear relationship between uranium-238 activities and salinities was observed for the dissolved, colloidal and low molecular mass fractions, indicating a conservative behavior of uranium in the Jiulong Estuary. In the particulate phases （ 〉 0.4 μm）, the partitioning of uranium isotopes among different size fractions was controlled by the partitioning of particle concentrations. In the regions with salinities below 20, the partitioning of uranium-238 among different size fractions was as follows： 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm 〉 0.4 - 2 μm greater than above 53 μm. However, the order at the offshore station with salinities above 30 changed as follows ： 0.4 - 2 μm 〉 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm greater than above 53 μm. The fraction of the 0.4 - 2 μm particles increased at the offshore station, suggesting the increased contribution of the authigenic uranium. The activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phases, including the low molecular mass fraction and the colloidal fraction, was larger than unity, showing the occurrence of excess uranium-234. In contrast, the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in all size fractions of the particulate phase was close to the equilibrium value （1.0）. The observed different values of the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phase and the partic 相似文献
12.
Much of the recent Canadian activity in marine technology has focused on development of capabilities in Arctic waters, and on the update and replacement of naval vessels. This paper describes some of the significant projects and programs now under way, and suggests future research and development requirements. 相似文献
13.
对一氧化氮在浮游植物中的研究进展进行了归纳,总结了一氧化氮对浮游植物生长的影响,探讨了浮游植物中一氧化氮的产生机制,并对今后的研究重点提出展望。 相似文献
15.
《Marine Policy》2013
Marine environment protection in Europe faces a number of challenges. One is the coordination of relevant sectoral policies — such as agricultural and fisheries policies — with regard to marine protection objectives. The question in the following is on how marine protection issues can be more closely integrated in sectoral policies under the conditions prevailing at present. In particular the strength and weaknesses of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) as the key instrument for marine environment protection in Europe are analyzed in this context. In particular, the MSFD does not adequately address all sectors and policies which are relevant to marine environment protection. One possible means of giving the MSFD greater influences on other policies of relevance to marine waters is to integrate the objectives established under the MSFD in the European maritime policy. The aim should be to require the further development of sectoral policies to take unrestricted account of the objectives of the MSFD implementation process. But also other instruments of marine policy such as maritime spatial planning and marine protected areas are crucial to advance the protection of European seas. 相似文献
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JIN Xianglong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(12):1-3
In China submarine geosciences represents a newly established discipline of oceanography, focusing on the oceanic lithosphere, and its interface with the hydrosphere and biosphere. Recently, supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program and other high-tech development projects, significant progress has been made in the development of advanced technologies and equipment. This en- ables the scientists in China to carry out explorations of the international seabed area in the Pacific Ocean and on the Southwest Indian Ridge. In addition, they have been active in the research activities associated the mid-ocean ridges and western Pacific marginal seas. It is anticipated that this research field will continue to be highly fruitful in the near future. 相似文献
19.
湄洲湾夏季的初级生产力 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
湄洲湾１９９２年夏季的叶绿素ａ，三磷酸腺苷，碳比积累速率，初级生产力的变化范围和均值分别为０．４５－４．７２，１．４９ｍｇ／ｍ＾３；０．１２－１．０７，０．３１μｇ／ｄｍ＾３；０．０６－０．５８，０．３４ｄ＾－１；０．０７－０．３４，０．２１ｍ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）。叶绿素ａ与三磷酸腺苷之间。初级生产力与碳比积累速率之间均呈正相关关系。叶绿素ａ三磷本能腺苷的比值为４．８，湄洲湾夏季浮游植物的生长受氮不足 相似文献
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In order to investigate factors controlling nutrient cycling in the shallow and turbid coastal ecosystem of Galveston Bay, data from: (1) the Texas Water Commission (TWC) database 1980–1989, and (2) salinity transects in 1989 and 1993 are presented and analyzed. Statistical regression and time-series analysis were carried out on data acquired by TWC between 1980 and 1989, in an attempt to establish seasonally of nutrient and chlorophyll-a (chl.-a.) concentrations in the bay and to determine factors which regulate these concentrations.A strong seasonality was found for phosphorus and chl.-a. in the upper and mid-bay stations. A recurring maximum for phosphate occurred in September and a chl.-a. maximum occurred regularly in March–April. It is hypothesized that benthic regeneration of phosphorus at the end of summer is responsible for the phosphate maximum. The inverse correlation of the partition coefficient (Kd) for phosphate with the concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM), coupled to a strong enrichment of phosphate in suspended particles at low SPM concentrations, indicates additional control by geochemical and physical processes such as particle sorting and/or particle-colloid interactions. Nitrate is inversely correlated with salinity at the upper and mid-bay stations, indicating the Trinity River is a major source.Nutrient concentrations in the lower bay (East and West Bay stations) are considerably lower and less predictable, as they are not correlated with salinity or temperature. Data from the 1989 and 1993 transects confirm the yearly maximum in phosphate concentration in late summer months, with peak concentrations in the upper Trinity Bay. It is concluded that despite possible phosphate buffering by physical and geochemical mechanisms, relatively large concentration maxima recur regularly every year during the summer, possibly caused by a benthic source of phosphate. 相似文献