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1.
A nonlinear parallel-bonded stress corrosion (NPSC) model is proposed to simulate the fatigue characteristics of artificial rock (concrete) during cyclic loading. Numerical simulations of fatigue tests replicate the main mechanical features of concrete specimens subjected to cyclic loading observed in the laboratory. A nonlinear reduction speed of the bond diameter between two bonded particles represents the damage rate induced by the fatigue load. The damage rate is proportional to the maximum cyclic load level when the minimum cyclic load level is fixed. Compared with laboratory data, a logarithmic function of bond diameter in the NPSC model resulted in the best fit to simulate the fatigue behaviour of concrete. The simulation includes acoustic emission (AE) monitoring during fatigue tests. The axial strain of the assembly is governed by the evolution of bond breakages. The sum of released bond strain energy is documented as value proportional to cumulative AE energy. The simulation results show very similar evolution compared with laboratory data, which verifies the effectiveness of AE energy simulation.
相似文献2.
This research presents the results of laboratory experiments during the investigation of tensile strength–strain characteristics of Brisbane tuff disc specimens under static and diametral cyclic loading. Three different cyclic loading methods were used; namely, sinusoidal cyclic loading, type I and II increasing cyclic loading with various amplitude values. The first method applied the stress amplitude?cycle number (s–n) curve approach to the measurement of the indirect tensile strength (ITS) and fracture toughness (K IC) values of rocks for the first time in the literature. The type I and II methods investigated the effect of increasing cyclic loading on the ITS and K IC of rocks. For Brisbane tuff, the reduction in ITS was found to be 30 % under sinusoidal loading, whereas type I and II increasing cyclic loading caused a maximum reduction in ITS of 36 %. The maximum reduction of the static K IC of 46 % was obtained for the highest amplitude type I cyclic loading tested. For sinusoidal cyclic loading, a maximum reduction of the static K IC of 30 % was obtained. A continuous irreversible accumulation of damage was observed in dynamic cyclic tests conducted at different amplitudes and mean stress levels. Scanning electron microscope images showed that fatigue damage in Brisbane tuff is strongly influenced by the failure of the matrix because of both inter-granular fracturing and trans-granular fracturing. The main characteristic was grain breakage under cyclic loading, which probably starts at points of contact between grains and is accompanied by the production of very small fragments, probably due to frictional sliding within the weak matrix. 相似文献
3.
Yong-Jie Yang Lu-Yi Xing Hui-Qiang Duan Lei Deng Yan-Chao Xue 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(18):560
The experimental study of fatigue damage to coal under cyclic loading is important for guiding the design of pillars in underground coal mines where the pillars may be affected by repeated mining activity. In this paper, the strength, deformation, energy dissipation, and fatigue of samples of coal from a mine in China are studied using cyclic loading with a servo-controlled rock mechanical test system. The results indicate that coal is more likely to suffer fatigue damage than other, harder, rock lithologies. Under uniaxial cyclic loading, the fatigue failure “threshold value” for the coal samples studied is less than 78% of its uniaxial strength, but there is also a certain amount of fatigue damage when the cyclic loading/unloading experiments are carried out below the threshold value for fatigue failure. Axial deformation during the tests can be divided into three stages: initial deformation, constant steady deformation, and accelerated deformation. Transversal deformation can be divided into two stages: stable deformation and accelerated deformation. During cyclic loading experiments, imminent sample failure is signaled when transversal deformation increases significantly and quickly and the deformation recovers little when the load is removed. With an increasing number of loading/unloading cycles, a graph of energy dissipation per unit volume versus number of cycles presents an L-shaped curve when the coal samples do not suffer fatigue failure. However, for the coal samples that do rupture due to fatigue, the curve is U-shaped. Under cyclic loading, the evolution of compaction, strain hardening, strain softening, and failure of coal can be revealed in great detail by fatigue damage experiments. 相似文献
4.
5.
大理岩静态和特环荷载试件的电镜试验分析 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
In this paper, crack propagation laws were studied by means of observing marble specimens, which were conducted uniaxial static and cyclic loading tests, with electron-microscope. The studying results showed: (1) Different parts of rock specimen suffer differential degree damage; (2) Failure models and characteristics of rock specimens change with loading paths; (3) Rock cracks are to be closed, when amplitude of cyclic stress is smaller than “fatigue threshold stress” of rock. This is mainly testimony of “rock fatigue threshold stress” existence. 相似文献
6.
Summary New experiments were conducted to expand the existing information on AE and pulse velocity changes. In this study, a few Hyderabad granites were subjected to uniaxial compressive cyclic loading conditions at room temperature. The laboratory tests were carried out by loading the rock to a constant stress maximum ranging between 40% and 80% of failure stress in the initial cycles, and then by progressively increasing the stress maximum, and also increasing the time gap between the cycles. Compressional wave velocity and amplitude changes were monitored in directions perpendicular to the applied stress, and acoustic emission event count data were recorded continuously until the fatigue failure of the rock.Rock specimens loaded cyclically to high stress levels, were in general found to fail after 10 to 12 cycles, at stresses corresponding to nearly 75% of the failure stress of intact rock. Deviations from the Kaiser effect were noticed when the stress maximum became comparable to the dilatant strength of the rock. The pulse amplitude and AE event counts were found to be sensitive parameters, to study the influence of cyclic stress, as well as the effect of the time gap between the cycles, on the microcrack development and progressive failure of rock. 相似文献
7.
The fatigue damage behavior of granite under constant and variable amplitude loadings is studied. The experimental analysis reveals that there is a three‐stage law for the fatigue damage evolution as a function of absolute or relative cycle and the inverted‐S damage model proposed by the author, in this case, is capable of representing the damage behavior of rock. However, when the logarithmic cycle is considered, there are only two stages, i.e. steady and accelerated stages and the fatigue damage evolution greatly depends on the properties of rock and stress level. Accordingly, the fatigue damage evolution curves have been categorized into three types. Then, the effect of maximum stress, amplitude and fatigue initial damage on the damage evolution of rock is investigated. The analysis reveals that the damage evolution greatly depends on these influencing factors. The fatigue life decreases with the increase in the maximum stress, amplitude and fatigue initial damage due to the decrease in the proportion of the first stage to the whole fatigue process and the increase in the damage rate in the first stage. Meanwhile, a linear‐exponential formula is used to model the fatigue damage behavior of rock subjected to cyclic loading. This damage model is superior to the inverted‐S damage model in the convenience of establishment of critical instability point. The physical meanings of its constants have been illuminated and the applicability of this model to constant and variable amplitude cyclic loading explored. The fitting results for the test data show that this damage model can properly represent the fatigue damage behavior of rock. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
不同加载速率条件下岩石的力学特性,对于其动载下破裂内在机制的研究具有积极的意义。基于颗粒流理论,通过黏结颗粒模型（bonded particle model,简称BPM）虚拟实现不同加载速率0.001～0.500 m/s下花岗岩单轴压缩和巴西劈裂试验,定量分析加载速率对应力-应变、破裂形态、应变能率及声发射的影响。结果表明：单轴抗压强度和抗拉强度及其对应峰值应变随加载速率增加而非线性增长;单轴压缩作用下,随加载速率增加,试样由单一斜截面破坏向多斜截面破坏转变,且主控裂隙带宽度急剧增大,由裂纹数量及水平向高应变率区域变化规律可明显看出,试样破坏程度随着加载速率增加而逐渐加剧;巴西劈裂作用下试样从一条主控裂隙向多条主控裂隙转变,且裂纹向圆盘试样两侧边缘部分延伸,破坏程度加剧;单轴压缩和巴西劈裂作用下,声发射事件及应变能率均随加载速率增加而呈现出非线性增长趋势。 相似文献
9.
为研究花岗岩在三轴循环加卸载条件下气体渗透率的演化规律,利用岩石多场耦合三轴试验仪分别对花岗岩进行三轴恒下限分级循环加卸载试验和气体渗透试验。试验结果表明：加载曲线与上一次循环卸载曲线形成塑性滞回环,随着循环次数的增加,每个循环应力下限的轴向应变也随之增加;前期几个循环试样体积压缩明显,以轴向压缩变形为主,后期轴向应力达到一定数值时体积由压缩转为扩容,裂纹发展方向偏向于轴向方向,均呈剪切脆性破坏;气体渗透率变化分为稳定下降阶段、缓慢增加阶段、急剧上升阶段3个阶段,试样脆性破坏后气体渗透率均上升2～3个数量级;体积应变曲线拐点与横向应变曲线结合起来可以作为研究岩石渗透率变化规律的一个重要参考因素。 相似文献
10.
Brittleness Effect on Rock Fatigue Damage Evolution 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The damage evolution mechanism of rocks is one of the most important aspects in studying of rock fatigue behavior. Fatigue damage evolution of three rock types (onyx marble, sandstone and soft limestone) with different brittleness were considered in the present study. Intensive experimental tests were conducted on the chosen rock samples and acoustic emission (AE) sensors were used in some of them to monitor the fracturing process. Experimental tests indicated that brittleness strongly influences damage evolution of rocks in the course of static and dynamic loading. AE monitoring revealed that micro-crack density induced by the applied loads during different stages of the failure processes increases as rock brittleness increases. Also, results of fatigue tests on the three rock types indicated that the rock with the most induced micro-cracks during loading cycles has the least fatigue life. Furthermore, the condition of failure surfaces of the studied rocks samples, subjected to dynamic and static loading, were evaluated and it was concluded that the roughness of failure surfaces is influenced by loading types and rock brittleness. Dynamic failure surfaces were rougher than static ones and low brittle rock demonstrate a smoother failure surface compared to high brittle rock. 相似文献
11.
Y. L. Chen J. Ni W. Shao Y. C. Zhou A. Javadi R. Azzam 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2012,45(2):241-249
In this paper, white Portland cement was used as an experimental material. Prismatic specimens with pre-existing flaws at
different angles of inclination (α) varying through 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° to 90° and cylindrical specimens with different numbers of pre-existing flaws (n) varying through 0, 1, 2 to 3 were tested under uni-axial compression tests. Crack initiation, propagation, coalescence,
and failure were observed. The corresponding analytical expression for the stress intensity factor under uni-axial compression
was derived, the coefficient of friction and the stress intensity factor of the specimens on the surfaces of the crack were
analysed, and the corrective coefficient for the stress intensity factor was introduced. Fatigue tests with a loading frequency
of f = 100 Hz were carried out on cylindrical specimens with constant amplitude of the cyclic load which is a proportion of the
compressive load at failure (F
f) obtained from the uni-axial compression tests. The fatigue property of the specimens was analysed and the relationship (S
max − lg N
f) between the maximum stress and the number of loading cycles at failure for specimens with pre-existing flaws was proposed.
The effect of pre-existing flaws on the fatigue life (N
f) and dynamic load (S
D) which can be applied was investigated. 相似文献
12.
以京津高铁和杭州地铁沿线的两种典型粉质黏土为研究对象,并采用英国GDS多功能三轴仪完成了静、动力强度测试,研究了两种土的静力不排水抗剪强度和在交通荷载高振次循环下的动强度、临界动应力比、应变发展模式以及振后抗剪强度等方面的差异。对比发现,长期循环荷载作用下两种土的应变发展和振后强度均有很大不同。与京津地区粉质黏土相比,杭州地铁沿线土含水率高、孔隙比大、密度低、灵敏度高、强度低。两种原状土在小幅振动后土体强度略有增大,而随振幅增大,振后强度将低于未经历振动时的不排水强度值;而重塑土振后强度均低于静剪强度。 相似文献
13.
利用WDT-1500多功能材料试验机,对砂岩、砾岩和砂砾岩进行了分级循环荷载试验,研究了岩石的动弹性模量对应力幅值和应力水平的响应特性,得到了动弹性模量和耗散能随应力幅值、应力水平及含水率的变化规律。试验结果表明,分级循环荷载下岩石的能量耗散越多,动弹性模量越小;应力水平越高,动弹性模量和耗散能越大;含水率和应力幅值越大,动弹性模量越小,耗散能越大。讨论了邓肯-张模型能够描述分级循环荷载作用下岩石的应力-应变关系,构建了动弹性模量随应力水平、应力幅值及含水率变化的演化模型,探讨了模型参数的确定方法。根据能量耗散的经验法则,建立了耗散能演化模型,结果表明,该模型能够描述分级循环荷载过程中能量耗散行为。 相似文献
14.
Zhechao Wang Shucai Li Liping Qiao Jiangang Zhao 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(6):1603-1615
A series of laboratory tests were performed to examine the fatigue behavior of granite subjected to cyclic loading under triaxial compression condition. In these tests, the influences of volumetric change and residual strain on the deformation modulus of granite under triaxial cyclic compression were investigated. It is shown that the fatigue behavior of granite varies with the tendency for volumetric change in triaxial cyclic compression tests. In the stress–strain space, there are three domains for fatigue behavior of rock subjected to cyclic loading, namely the volumetric compaction, volumetric dilation with strain-hardening behavior, and volumetric dilation with strain-softening behavior domains. In the different domains, the microscopic mechanisms for rock deformation are different. It was also found that the stress level corresponding to the transition from volumetric compaction to volumetric dilation could be considered as the threshold for fatigue failure. The potential of fatigue deformation was compared with that of plastic deformation. The comparison shows that rocks exhibit higher resistances to volumetric deformation under cyclic loading than under plastic loading. The influence of residual strain on the fatigue behavior of rock was also investigated. It was found that the axial residual strain could be a better option to describe the fatigue behavior of rock than the loading cycle number. A constitutive model for the fatigue behavior of rock subjected to cyclic loading is proposed according to the test results and discussion. In the model, the axial residual strain is considered as an internal state variable. The influences of confining pressure and peak deviatoric stress on the deformation modulus are considered in a term named the equivalent stress. Comparison of test results with model predictions shows that the proposed model is capable of describing the prepeak fatigue behavior of rock subjected to cyclic loading. 相似文献
15.
通过GCTS空心圆柱扭剪仪,分别采用正弦波和三角波两种不同波形模拟海洋波浪的加载形式,对天津滨海吹填土进行一系列三向等压固结条件下的主应力轴循环旋转试验,探讨了动主应力方向连续旋转下循环剪应力幅值及振动波形对吹填土广义剪应变、动强度和孔压特性的影响。试验结果表明,循环剪应力幅值小于临界循环剪应力时,土体广义剪应变变化很小且增长缓慢,加荷波形对土体变形影响较小;循环剪应力幅值超过临界循环剪应力时,土体在较少的振动次数下便产生较大的变形,正弦波作用下广义剪应变的发展速率大于三角波,相同振次下正弦波对应的广义剪应变始终大于三角波。同一波形下破坏标准取值越大,动强度值越大。不同破坏标准下的动强度均随破坏振次增加呈减小趋势,并最终趋于同一数值,同条件时正弦波在主应力轴循环旋转效应下与三角波相比更容易导致土体破坏;对试验数据进行分析,构建了两种波形作用下考虑不同破坏标准时动强度与破坏振次间关系式。同等条件下,正弦波作用下土体孔压增长速率大于三角波,且循环剪应力幅值越大,孔压增长速率越快,但由于黏性土孔压的滞后效应,达到破坏应变时其值相对较小。 相似文献
16.
循环加卸载下花岗岩非均匀变形演化的声发射特征试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究岩石材料在循环加卸载过程中的声发射特征与非均匀变形的对应关系,开展了花岗岩试件单轴循环加卸载试验。利用声发射系统和CCD相机分别对试样变形破坏过程中的声发射信号和试件表面的变形图像进行采集,结合数字散斑相关方法,对试件非均匀变形演化过程中的声发射特性进行研究。研究结果发现：每次循环加载过程中,非均匀变形的最小点皆与应力卸载的最低点相对应。而自局部化带启动后,每次循环加载过程中的非均匀变形的最大点滞后于循环加载应力的顶点。非均匀变形演化与声发射信号存在较好的对应关系,循环加载过程中非均匀变形的首次转折增大点对应声发射信号增加的起点,非均匀变形的最大点对应声发射信号平静期的起点。随循环次数增加,非均匀变形程度与Felicity比呈负相关关系,即非均匀变形越大,损伤程度越大,Felicity比越小。 相似文献
17.
为研究冻土在不同温度下的弹性模量退化与动力特佂,通过对不同负温条件下冻土试样进行循环加、卸载试验,获得其在动荷载作用下的应力-应变滞回曲线与疲劳损伤寿命。按照疲劳寿命与应力幅之间的关系确定了冻土在不同温度下的疲劳损伤参数。根据冻土的弹性模量退化规律提出了动弹模衰减控制方程并建立了冻土唯象疲劳损伤模型。根据冻土实测的循环加卸载滞回曲线特征,提出了理想和非理想滞回圈情况下阻尼比联合分析方法;基于Kelvin模型建立了滞回圈演化规律与弹性模量退化及加载时间的数学联系。研究发现：考虑了动弹模衰减影响的唯象疲劳损伤模型描述了冻土的加速疲劳损伤特征;理想滞回与非理想滞回阻尼比联合分析方法考虑滞回圈的实际演化特征;基于弹性模量退化的Kelvin流变模型建立了滞回圈曲线与加、卸载时间的数学联系。 相似文献
18.
从大理岩常规三轴加、卸荷室内试验出发,结合PFC3D颗粒流程序进行分析,在明确室内试验与数值模拟试验卸荷速率对应关系的基础上,对不同卸荷速率下试样破坏过程的力学特性及破坏机制进行探讨。结果表明：加、卸荷路径下整个加载过程中张拉裂纹数量均明显高于剪切裂纹;常规三轴试验损伤应力之后,裂纹围绕某一速率进行扩展,卸荷试验损伤应力之后,裂纹的发展是突发性的;不同应力路径下试样损伤破坏的差异性主要形成于损伤应力至峰值应力这一阶段,直至卸荷速率超过6 MPa/s,试样的损伤程度与破坏形式逐渐趋于一致;随着围压的增大,不同卸荷速率下岩石破坏均呈现出由张拉破坏逐渐向剪切破坏过渡。 相似文献
19.
周期荷载作用下盐岩声发射特征试验研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过改变恒幅荷载条件下的上限应力、下限应力以及加载速率等试验条件,基于声发射技术对盐岩疲劳损伤特征进行试验研究。试验发现,盐岩声发射信号出现在加载阶段和卸载初期,而砂岩声发射信号一般集中出现在上限应力处;盐岩疲劳寿命对下限的依赖程度大于砂岩;随着上限应力的增大,盐岩声发射振铃数增多。加载速率的提高会加速盐岩的疲劳破坏。通过对比声发射振铃数累计曲线和应变累计曲线,发现两者有很好的对应关系,说明二者在反映盐岩疲劳损伤时具有一致性。最后对盐岩进行3级变幅荷载试验,发现第3级声发射振铃数比相同上、下限应力的恒幅荷载条件下多,说明变幅荷载造成的盐岩损伤比恒幅荷载条件下严重。 相似文献
20.
L. C. Zhang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1991,15(4):241-250
This paper analyses the shape effect on the tensile strength of axisymmetric rock specimens by an improved adaptive dynamic relaxation method. It is shown that the present approach is convenient and efficient. Numerical results for spheroidal specimens with different shapes reveal the variation of stress distributions along the loading axes and suggest that loading along the shorter principal axis is preferable in strength tests. Furthermore, an empirical formula based on the failure criterion of maximum tensile stress is proposed to evaluate the tensile strength of specimen materials. 相似文献