共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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利用穿越区域南段为秦岭褶皱带山区,中段为渭河断陷盆地,北段为鄂尔多斯地台南缘的宽角反射/折射地震测深剖面所获得的资料对该区地壳结构进行研究.结果表明:该区地壳呈明显的分层、分区结构;上下地壳的分界是由壳内反射波较为连续可靠的P2以及P3所确定的.鄂尔多斯地台是本区M界面最深的地区,地壳厚度大,达42 km左右,结构相对简单,结晶基底浅. 秦岭褶皱带的地壳厚度约37~38 km,结晶基底浅,甚至出露.渭河断陷盆地莫霍界面相对两侧明显且不对称的上隆,地壳结构复杂;而莫霍界面相对鄂尔多斯地块突变隆起和上地幔高速物质侵入于下地壳,是该区发生中强地震的深部构造背景. 相似文献
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Ute Weckmann Oliver RitterVolker Haak 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2003,138(2):91-112
Magnetotelluric (MT) observations at some sites in the vicinity of the Waterberg Fault/Omaruru Lineament (WF/OL), a major tectono-stratigraphic zone boundary in the Central Zone of the Damara Belt, show evidence for strong three-dimensional (3D) effects. We observe very high skew values, phases over 90°, and a strong correlation of parallel components of the electric and magnetic fields at long periods. Because of the dense site spacing and good spatial coverage, we can positively attribute these effects to local geology and are able to resolve structural detail within the WF/OL. Mapping LaTorraca’s electric characteristic vectors in form of ellipses proved particularly useful in identifying key elements of the conductivity structure for subsequent modelling. 3D and 2D anisotropic modelling can reproduce most of the observed 3D effects. The conductivity anomalies revealed in the area are: (i) a conductive ring structure in the shallow crust along the northern part of the profile; (ii) an anisotropic region in the upper crust with high conductivity parallel to the WF/OL; (iii) anisotropy in the lower crust with a different but undetermined strike direction; and (iv) a shallow elongated conductor sub-normal to the WF/OL. Modelling studies further suggest that the (anisotropic) fault zone is approximately 10 km wide and may reach down to a depth of 14 km or more. 相似文献
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Pyrenean lherzolites representing fragments of the upper mantle are embedded in Mesozoic sediments along the 500-km-long, 20-km-wide “North Pyrenean Zone”. These ultramafics and the nearby occurrence of granulites, the presence of undersaturated rocks intrusive in the Cretaceous, and the development of a narrow elongate zone of “Pyrenean metamorphism”, confer a fundamental orogenic and geodynamic significance to this zone. These phenomena and the emplacement of the lherzolites may be attributed to an important phase of crustal thinning followed by a succession of compressive stages. The crustal thinning involved in the North Pyrenean Zone is possibly related to a transcurrent movement mainly during Albian and Senonian times, indicating a transform zone [24]. The ascent and emplacement of lherzolites in Albian sediments may have occurred in response to alternating tensional and compressional stresses operating in transcurrent zones. The Pyrenean metamorphism in Mesozoic sediments may be related to convective (emplacement of lherzolites) as well as conductive (thermal anomaly in connection with the rifting) processes. This model is compared with existing transform domains. Finally, it is suggested that crustal thinning may permit the incorporation of lower crust-upper mantle associations in the upper levels of the crust during subsequent compressive stages. 相似文献
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本文从部分地球物理资料出发,初步探讨了中国南北地震带北段(贺兰山—六盘山地震带)、中段(天水—武都、文县—川西北地震带)地壳和上地慢的结构特征。 根据对有关资料的分析研究,初步得出中国南北地震带北段、中段深部地震环境的主要特点: 地震带下部的上地幔顶面呈带状隆起:银川地堑地区上地幔顶面带状隆起的轴向呈北北东向;西吉、海原、固原地区呈北西向;天水—武都地区呈近南北向。 强烈地震的断层走向、震中迁移方向与软流圈顶面等深线轴向方向一致。 强烈地震往往发生在深部构造与浅部构造在深部的交汇区,如天水、武都地区。 强烈地震与壳内高导层和上地幔高导层的局部隆起和拗陷有关。 进而尝试性的分析了深部环境与地震孕育发生的关系。最后文章讨论了深部地震环境对中长期地震预报和地震成因研究的意义 相似文献
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通过反演大量的纵、横波地震数据,获得了沿龙门山断裂带及周边区域的深部三维精细结构,结合前人二维大地电磁探测研究成果,提出龙门山断裂带地壳形变与深部速度结构和导电率不均匀性有关,探讨了2008年汶川和2013年芦山地震的诱发和产生与流体侵入及地壳形变的密切关系.本研究发现,2008年汶川地震发生在高速度、高泊松比和低电导率的区域,2013年芦山地震则位于高速度、低泊松比和低电导率的发震层.在上地壳中,四川前陆盆地的低速、低泊松比和低阻异常与松潘一甘孜地块的高速、高泊松比和高阻异常形成了鲜明的对比.在龙门山断裂带下方的两个低速和低阻块体,将龙门山断裂带分成南、中和北三段.我们的研究认为,这两个异常体与来自松潘甘孜地块的下地壳和(或)上地幔的局部熔融或流体侵入到龙门山断裂带的脆弱区有关.基于对汶川和芦山地震的余震分布特征及震源区的地震波速度、泊松比及电阻率参数分析,揭示了龙门山断裂带深部剧烈的地壳形变与流体应力积累对2008年汶川和2013年芦山地震的触发及其地震破裂过程具有重要的控制作用. 相似文献
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Enrico Bonatti 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1978,37(3):369-379
Anomalous topographic highs are found along many large oceanic fracture zones, frequently in the form of transverse ridges elongated parallel to the fractures both within and outside of the transform zone. These crustal highs are one or more kilometers shallower than the adjacent “normal” crust of equivalent age. Their elevation is frequently higher than the axial zone of lithospheric accretion. Geophysical and petrological data from the Vema, St. Paul, Romanche (Atlantic Ocean), Owen (Indian Ocean), Alula (Gulf of Aden), and other fracture zones suggest that the anomalous transverse ridges are not the result of excess volcanism, but rather of tectonic uplift of upper mantle and crustal blocks.Factors which may determine vertical tectonism along fracture zones include: (1) horizontal thermal conduction across a fracture zone from a lithospheric accreting segment; (2) viscodynamic forces operating in a fracture zone close to its intersection with an accreting segment; and (3) compressional and tensional horizontal stresses operating along a fracture zone, and created by several causes, the major one being small changes in the direction of spreading. Among these various factors, compressional and tensional horizontal stresses are probably the main cause of vertical tectonism in fracture zones. During the vertical motion of upper mantle/crustal blocks, ultramafic rocks, due to their physical properties, are uplifted preferentially.One of the implications of fracture zone vertical tectonism is that the age/depth of the crust relationship may not apply in regions with large fracture zones. In one well-documented case, a transverse crustal block at the Romanche fracture zone subsided during the last 5 m.y. at an average rate more than one order of magnitude faster than crust of equivalent age. 相似文献
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P-wave velocity structure in the crust and the uppermost mantle of Chao Lake region of the Tan-Lu Fault inferred from teleseismic arrival time tomography 
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下载免费PDF全文 Bem Shadrach Terhemba Huajian Yao Song Luo Lei Gao Haijiang Zhang Junlun Li 《地震科学（英文版）》2022,35(6):427-447
Chao Lake is a Geoheritage site on the active Tan-Lu Fault between the Yangtze craton, the North China craton, and the Dabie orogenic belt in the southeast. This segment of the fault is not well constrained at depth partly due to the overprinting of the fault zone by intrusive materials and its relatively low seismic activity and sparse seismic station coverage. This study took advantage of a dense seismic array deployed around Chao Lake to delineate the P-wave velocity variations in the crust and uppermost mantle using teleseismic earthquake arrival time tomography. The station-pair double-difference with waveform cross-correlation technique was employed. We used a multiscale resolution 3-D initial model derived from the combination of high-resolution 3-D vS models within the region of interest to account for the lateral heterogeneity in the upper crust. The results revealed that the velocity of the upper crust is segmented with structures trending in the direction of the strike of the fault. Sedimentary basins are delineated on both sides of the fault with slow velocities, while the fault zone is characterized by high velocity in the crust and uppermost mantle. The high-velocity structure in the fault zone shows characteristics of magma intrusion that may be connected to the Mesozoic magmatism in and around the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt (MLYMB), implying that the Tan-Lu fault might have formed a channel for magma intrusion. Magmatic material in Chao Lake is likely connected to the partial melting, assimilation, storage, and homogenization of the uppermost mantle and the lower crustal rocks. The intrusions, however, seem to have suffered severe regional extension along the Tan-Lu fault driven by the eastward Paleo-Pacific plate subduction, thereby losing its deep trail due to extensional erosion. 相似文献
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大别山北缘位于大别造山带与华北陆块会聚地带,其深部精细结构还存在一些争议问题.根据近年来在研究区域内采集的地球物理数据,通过OMEGA、OASIS和FUGRO-LCT等多个重磁电震软件处理,获得了深部信息丰富的多种地球物理属性图像.本文从中选取了2条平行的电法和地震剖面,辅以高精度重磁数据,揭示了大别山北缘深部地质结构总体呈现华北陆块南向俯冲、北淮阳构造带向北逆冲的特征,并可清楚地识别大别山北缘造山带、肥南山前坳陷带和肥北斜坡带.其特征分别如下:①大别山北缘造山带,地震反射杂乱,电性高阻大于2000Ωm,以磨子潭-晓天断裂为界分为北大别杂岩带和北淮阳构造带,主要由大别群、卢镇关杂岩和佛子岭群组成,沿舒城-信阳断裂逆冲于中、下侏罗统之上,浅部发育北倾的金寨-龙门冲滑覆断裂.②肥南山前坳陷带,上部为中、新生界,呈现中低阻特征,地震反射界面清楚,断面波明显;下部为华北型前中生界沉积岩(上部可能残存古生界),电性特征为低阻(5~50 Ωm),地震反射较连续,内部反射弱.以六安断裂为界分为舒城凹陷和肥中断裂带,其北侧边界为肥中断裂.③肥北斜坡带,上部主要为侏罗系,呈现中低阻、水平层状地震反射特征;下部主要为霍邱群,电性为高阻,地震反射杂乱;中间为华北型前中生界沉积岩,向北逐渐减薄、直至缺失.上述认识将为华北陆块南向俯冲、南北板块碰撞缝合线和油气资源勘查等研究提供深部地质约束. 相似文献
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本文利用天然地震面波记录和层析成像方法,研究了南北地震带及邻近区域的岩石圈S波速度结构和各向异性特征.结果表明南北地震带的东边界不但是地壳厚度剧变带,也是地壳速度的显著分界.其西侧中下地壳的S波速度显著低于东侧,强震大多发生在低速区内部和边界.青藏高原东缘中下地壳速度显著低于正常大陆地壳,在松潘甘孜地块和川滇地块西部大约25～45 km深度存在壳内低速层;这些低速特征与高原主体的低速区相连,有利于下地壳物质的侧向流动.地壳的各向异性图像与下地壳流动模式相符,即下地壳物质绕喜马拉雅东构造结运动,东向的运动遇到扬子坚硬地壳阻挡而变为向南和向北东的运动.面波层析成像结果支持青藏高原地壳运动的下地壳流动模型.南北地震带的岩石圈厚度与其东侧的扬子和鄂尔多斯地块相似但速度较低.川滇西部地块上地幔顶部(莫霍面至88 km左右)异常低速;松潘甘孜地块上地幔盖层中有低速夹层(约90～130 km深度).岩石圈上地幔的速度分布图像与地壳显著不同,在高原主体与川滇之间存在北北东向高速带,可能会阻挡地幔物质的东向运动.上地幔各向异性较弱且与地壳的分布图像显然不同.因此青藏高原岩石圈地幔的构造运动具有与地壳不同的模式,软弱的下地壳提供了壳幔运动解耦的条件. 相似文献
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An association of adakite, magnesian andesite (MA), and Nb-enriched basalt (NEB) volcanic flows, which erupted within ‘normal’ intra-oceanic arc tholeiitic to calc-alkaline basalts, has recently been documented in ∼2.7 Ga Wawa greenstone belts. Large, positive initial ?Nd values (+1.95 to +2.45) of the adakites signify that their basaltic precursors, with a short crustal residence, were derived from a long-term depleted mantle source. It is likely that the adakites represent the melts of subducted late Archean oceanic crust. Initial ?Nd values in the MA (+0.14 to +1.68), Nb-enriched basalts and andesites (NEBA) (+1.11 to +2.05), and ‘normal’ intra-oceanic arc tholeiitic to calc-alkaline basalts and andesites (+1.44 to +2.44) overlap with, but extend to lower values than, the adakites. Large, tightly clustered ?Nd values of the adakites, together with Th/Ce and Ce/Yb systematics of the arc basalts that rule out sediment melting, place the enriched source in the sub-arc mantle. Accordingly, isotopic data for the MA, NEBA, and ‘normal’ arc basalts can be explained by melting of an isotopically heterogeneous sub-arc mantle that had been variably enriched by recycling of continental material into the shallow mantle in late Archean subduction zones up to 200 Ma prior to the 2.7 Ga arc. If the late Archean Wawa adakites, MA, and basalts were generated by similar geodynamic processes as their counterparts in Cenozoic arcs, involving subduction of young and/or hot ocean lithosphere, then it is likely that late Archean oceanic crust, and arc crust, were also created and destroyed by modern plate tectonic-like geodynamic processes. This study suggests that crustal recycling through subduction zone processes played an important role for the generation of heterogeneity in the Archean upper mantle. In addition, the results of this study indicate that the Nd-isotope compositions of Archean arc- and plume-derived volcanic rocks are not very distinct, whereas Phanerozoic plumes and intra-oceanic arcs tend to have different Nd-isotopic compositions. 相似文献
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龙门山断裂带位于青藏高原东缘,在中生代和晚新生代经历强烈的构造变形,急剧抬升,是研究青藏高原隆升和扩展动力学过程的重要窗口.本文利用起伏地形下的高精度成像方法,对"阿坝一龙门山一遂宁"宽角反射/折射地震数据重新处理,通过走时反演重建研究区地壳速度结构.剖面自西向东跨越松潘一甘孜块体、龙门山断裂带和四川盆地,不同块体速度结构表现了显著的差异.松潘甘孜块体地表复理石沉积层内有高速岩体侵入,低速层低界面起伏不平反映了该区的逆冲推覆构造.中下地壳速度横向上连续变化,平均速度较低(约6.26 km·s~(-1)).四川盆地沉积层西厚东薄,并在西侧出现与挤压和剥蚀作用相关的压扭形态.中下地壳西薄东厚,平均速度较高(约6.39 km.s~(-1)).龙门山断裂带是地壳速度和厚度的陡变带,Moho面自西向东抬升约13 km.在整个剖面上Moho面表现为韧性挠曲,中下地壳横向上连续变化,推测古扬子块体已到达松潘甘孜块体下方.松潘甘孜块体下方中下地壳韧性变形,并在底部拖曳着被断裂切割的脆性上地壳,应力在不同断裂上积累和释放,诱发大量地震. 相似文献
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中国东西剖面的地壳 Q 结构研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用地震面波和体波的资料推断了一条横跨中国东西部剖面的地壳Q结构,并具体分析了中国大陆地台、山前皱褶带、高原和内陆盆地等几个典型构造单元内介质速度与吸收的特点。指出该剖面地壳的Q结构在深度上基本可以划分成上中下三层,其Q_β值分别为(100—300)、(200—550)和(30—190),它可能反映着地壳由弱固结层到低温低压的脆性层和高温高压的韧性层的变化,在横向构造上,以南北构造带为界分成东西两大部分。青藏高原的Q结构具有一定的特殊性。该东西剖面内中下层地壳Q值系统性偏低,这可能是中国地壳的一个普遍现象,在一定程度上反映着上地慢热活动的直接影响。该区震源深度的分布同地壳Q结构表现有良好的相关性,在东部地区绝大多数的构造地震发生在Q值较大的地壳中部层位内。作者由此推断,地壳中大多数的断层是自地表延续到中地壳附近,并认为温度较低、岩石较硬和岩体内有一定的断裂切割是地震易于发生的深部条件。 相似文献
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文中通过多源数据融合、模型构建、数据试验、二维离散小波变换和功率谱分析等方法获取了大别造山带东段深、浅部场源布格异常及其场源似深度,并结合地壳结构、地质构造、岩石圈有效弹性厚度和地震活动等资料,讨论了地壳深、浅部的结构特征及地震活动构造背景。结果表明,低频布格异常显示大别造山带东段与华北地块间深部构造缝合带在东部应位于青山-晓天断裂前缘,在落儿岭-土地岭断裂和商城-麻城断裂之间向N偏移至梅山-龙河口断裂之下,造山带南侧与扬子地块间深部构造缝合带位于襄樊-广济断裂以北约20km,造山带东侧与扬子地块间的深部构造转换带位于郯庐断裂带之下,造山带东段腹地显著的低频布格异常低值表明对应部位的莫霍面存在明显下凹,造山带内部的布格异常高梯度带表明其深部结构不完整;高频布格异常揭示肥中断裂、六安-合肥断裂、肥西-韩摆渡断裂和郯庐断裂带等主要断裂对地壳中上部密度结构的影响明显,落儿岭-土地岭断裂对地壳中上部密度结构的影响范围向N延伸至肥西-韩摆渡断裂前缘。结合地震活动资料进一步分析认为,大别造山带东段与华北地块在青山-晓天断裂前缘附近接触和相互作用,且大别造山带东段地壳深、浅部结构均不完整,不利于应力积累,趋向于在断裂交错的脆弱部位频繁释放应力,是霍山地区小地震活动频繁的主要原因。 相似文献
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大别造山带是全球最大的碰撞造山带之一,三叠纪时期,扬子板块深俯冲至地幔的200km处,经历了超高压变质作用。白垩纪早期,该造山带发生了强烈的伸展和垮塌,以及大规模的后造山地幔源岩浆侵入和火山活动。本研究收集了大别造山带及其邻区(29°~34°N、114°~119°E)的震相资料,采用双差层析成像技术,对大别造山带地壳结构进行反演,研究地壳结构与后造山地幔源岩浆侵入和火山活动之间的关系。结果显示,大别造山带中上地壳存在低速结构,该低速结构可能是熔融的幔源侵入物质,由于俯冲板片断裂,或下地壳/岩石圈发生拆沉,导致软流圈物质上涌至地壳底部、侵入地壳中,形成大别造山带地壳中的低速结构;同时,合肥盆地显示为低速区,可能是受浅部沉积层影响。研究中横切大别山的4条剖面显示,该地区下方存在北向倾斜高速结构,该高速结构可能是襄樊-广济断层,或者是扬子板块向华北板块下方俯冲的遗迹。 相似文献
16.
This paper introduces the scale-depth law of multi-scale wavelet analysis for regional gravity data processing, and presents the results of its application to Central Asia for computation of the 3D crustal density structures. The wavelet analysis method is applied for characterizing 3D crustal density structure, producing five maps of density disturbance corresponding to different depths of equivalent layers in the crust. The results provide important evidence for the study of crustal structures and mass movement in Central Asia: (i) the small-scale and intensive linear density disturbances in the upper crust indicate Phanerozoic orogenic belts; (ii) there exists a horseshoe-shaped low-density belt in the middle crust coinciding with the Kazakhstan orocline; (iii) there is a very low density zone in the lower crust, extending from western Kunlun to Tianshan, probably indicating a lower-crust flow; (iv) there are a few lowdensity spots in the middle crust, which might be caused by low-density mass squeezing upward from the lower crust flows. 相似文献
17.
主要介绍青藏高原东部下察隅—清水河(EHS3D-3)剖面的大地电磁(MT)探测结果。根据2007年沿该测线观测的MT数据,经过资料处理、分析和二维反演,得到了研究区岩石圈的电性结构。结果表明:沿剖面电阻率分布具有纵向成层,横向分区的特征;上地壳由不同大小的高阻体构成;拉萨地块和羌塘地体中下地壳分别存在一个大范围的低阻体,初步认为这2个低阻体由深部流体以及部分熔融所致,可能是高原东部环绕东构造结的2个物质流通道,同时也是高原南北两侧的2个主要剪切走滑带;雅鲁藏布缝合带和班公-怒江缝合带均表现为向北逐渐加深的相对低阻带,可能是俯冲板片表面低阻物质的反映;金沙江断裂深部表现为强烈的低阻体异常,但与该区其它缝合带的电性特征区别较大。 相似文献
18.
闽东南长乐南澳构造带沿线出露大面积白垩纪花岗岩岩基,普遍存在岩浆混合现象,肖厝侵入岩是其中的代表性岩体.野外观察和化学分析表明,肖厝侵入岩由二长花岗岩和辉长闪长岩、以及该两种混合端员岩浆混合形成的闪长质-花岗闪长质-花岗质过渡岩类组成;岩石总体富碱、富LREE和LILE、贫HFSE; A/CNK=0.82～1.05,属准铝质微过铝质钙碱性系列,部分受流体交代的岩石A/CNK值可升高至1.69;岩浆混合过程中发生了元素的选择性富集/亏损和同位素组成的均一化,（87Sr/86Sr）为0.7055～0.7061,εNd（t）为-1.9～-3.0.锆石年代学研究表明,肖厝侵入岩的岩浆混合开始于约136Ma,于121Ma时初始侵位于下地壳.结合区域地质特征,分析了肖厝侵入岩的成岩机制,提出岩体侵位早于长乐-南澳构造带的变质变形作用,两者不存在成因上的联系;118～～100Ma时该构造带曾发生过深层次地壳逆冲推覆,使形成于中—下地壳的韧性剪切带和肖厝侵入岩共同快速上升至地表. 相似文献
19.
Abstract The different ophiolite complexes in the Philippine island arc system define a progressive younging direction westward. This resulted from the clockwise rotation of the Philippine island arc system during its north-westward translation in the Eocene resulting in its western boundary colliding with the Sundaland–Eurasian margin. As a consequence of this interaction, ophiolite complexes and mélanges accreted into the Philippine island arc system along its western side. A new ophiolite zonation with four belts is proposed that takes into consideration the observed spatial and temporal relationships of the exposed oceanic lithosphere slices. With progressive younging from east to west, Belt 1 corresponds to Late Cretaceous complete ophiolite complexes with associated metamorphic soles along the eastern Philippines, whereas Belt 2 includes Early to Late Cretaceous dismembered ultramafic-mafic complexes with mélanges exposed mainly west of eastern Philippines. Belt 3 is defined by Cretaceous through Eocene to Oligocene ophiolite complexes emplaced along the collision zone between the Philippine Mobile Belt and the Sundaland–Eurasian margin. Belt 4 corresponds to the ophiolite complexes emplaced along continental margins as exposed in the Palawan and Zamboanga–Sulu areas. This proposed zonation hints that the whole Philippine Mobile Belt, except for the strike-slip fault bounded Eocene Zambales ophiolite complex in Luzon, is underlain by Cretaceous proto-Philippine Sea Plate fragments. This is contrary to the previous models that consider only the eastern margin of the Philippines to contain proto-Philippine Sea Plate materials. 相似文献
20.
云南思茅—中甸宽角反射/折射地震剖面切割松潘—甘孜、扬子和华南三个构造单元的部分区域. 我们利用初至波和壳内反射波走时层析成像获得地壳纵波速度结构. 在获得新的地壳速度结构模型基础上，利用地震散射成像思想和低叠加次数的叠前深度偏移方法重建了研究区的地壳、上地幔反射结构. 综合分析研究区地壳P波速度模型和壳内地震反射剖面发现：沿测线从北至南地壳厚度从约50 km减薄至35 km左右，地壳厚度的减薄量主要体现在下地壳，剖面北段下地壳厚度约为30 km，剖面南段下地壳厚度仅为15 km左右；上地幔顶部局部位置P波速度值偏低，一般为76～78 km/s，反映出云南地区是典型的构造活动区的特点.剖面沿线地壳内地震反射发育，其中莫霍强反射出现在景云桥下方；在景云桥弧形断裂带8～10 km深处出现宽约50 km的强反射带. 相似文献