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1.
北京城市湿地时空演变及驱动力定量分析(英文) 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
The decision tree and the threshold methods have been adopted to delineate boundaries and features of water bodies from LANDSAT images. After a spatial overlay analysis and using a remote sensing technique and the wetland inventory data in Beijing, the water bodies were visually classified into different types of urban wetlands, and data on the urban wetlands of Beijing in 1986, 1991, 1996, 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2007 were obtained. Thirteen driving factors that affect wetland change were selected, and gray correlation analysis was employed to calculate the correlation between each driving factor and the total area of urban wetlands. Then, six major driving factors were selected based on the correlation coefficient, and the contribution rates of these six driving factors to the area change of various urban wetlands were calculated based on canonical correlation analysis. After that, this research analyzed the relationship and mechanism between the main driving factors and various types of wetlands. Five conclusions can be drawn. (1) The total area of surface water bodies in Beijing increased from 1986 to 1996, and gradually decreased from 1996 to 2007. (2) The areas of the river wetlands, water storage areas and pool and culture areas gradually decreased, and its variation tendency is consistent with that of the total area of wetlands. The area of the mining water areas and wastewater treatment plants slightly increased. (3) The six factors of driving forces are the annual rainfall, the evaporation, the quantity of inflow water, the volume of groundwater available, the urbanization rate and the daily average discharge of wastewater are the main factors affecting changes in the wetland areas, and they correlate well with the total area of wetlands. (4) The hydrologic indicators of water resources such as the quantity of inflow water and the volume of groundwater are the most important and direct driving forces that affect the change of the wetland area. These factors have a combined contribution rate of 43.94%. (5) Climate factors such as rainfall and evaporation are external factors that affect the changes in wetland area, and they have a contribution rate of 36.54%. (6) Human activities such as the urbanization rate and the daily average quantity of waste-water are major artificial driving factors. They have an influence rate of 19.52%. 相似文献
2.
The environment evolution of Wuliangsuhai wetland since 1986 is analyzed based on the remote sensing principle. The total water area of Wuliangsuhai lake has been increased during the past 17 years. The open water area had an increasing trend before 1987, and the trend was decreasing up to 1996, then the trend has increased again since 2000; the variation of the water area with dense aquatic weed is basically contradictory to the variation of open water area. The natural reed area had been decreased before 1987, and then it has been increased. The areas of shallow water and swamp have been slightly increased, in fact, the variations are quite steady. The artificial reed area has been increased since the reed plantation was started in 1988. The relationships of the water environment, the climate, hydrology and different types of areas are discussed, and then the technological measures for sustainable development and utilization of Wuliangsuhai lake water environment are proposed. 相似文献
3.
《地理学报(英文版)》2016,(1)
The paper presents the analysis of tendencies in water level changes in 32 lakes in Poland during 1976–2010.Series of monthly,seasonal,and annual precipitation and air temperature for 9 meteorological stations were also studied.The trend analysis for all of the studied series of water levels in lakes showed high spatial and temporal variability.Series of annual water levels in the case of 6 lakes showed statistically significant increasing tendencies,and in 7 lakes,significant decreasing trends.Series of annual amplitudes in the majority of lakes(22) showed a decreasing trend,but they were statistically significant only in three cases.The tendencies for air temperature fluctuations are more statistically significant than precipitation.The key role in determining water level changes is played by local factors,particularly including human economic activity,obscuring the effect of natural factors on water level changes.The paper describes cases of changes in water levels in lakes under anthropopressure related to among others: agricultural irrigations,hydropower infrastructure,water transfers,navigation,or mining. 相似文献
4.
The reservoir wetland, which is the largest artificial wetland in Beijing, constitutes one of the important urban ecological infrastructures. Considering two elements of natural environment and socio-economy, this paper established the driving factor indexing system of Beijing reservoir wetland evolution. Natural environment driving factors include precipitation, temperature, entry water and groundwater depth; social economic driving factors include resident population, urbanization rate and per capita GDP. Using multi-temporal Landsat TM images from 1984 to 2010 in Beijing, the spatial extent and the distribution of Beijing reservoir wetlands were extracted, and the change of the wetland area about the three decade years were analyzed. Logistic regression model was used to explore for each of the three periods： from 1984 to 1998, from 1998 to 2004 and from 2004 to 2010. The results showed that the leading driving factors and their influences on reservoir wetland evolution were different for each period. During 1984-1998, two natural environment indices： average annual precipitation and entry water index were the major factors driving the increase in wetland area with the contribution rate of Logistic regression being 5.78 and 3.50, respectively, and caused the wetland growth from total area of 104.93 km 2 to 219.96 km 2 . From 1998 to 2004, as the impact of human activities intensified the main driving factors were the number of residents, groundwater depth and urbanization rate with the contribution rate of Logistic regression 9.41, 9.18, and 7.77, respectively, and caused the wetland shrinkage rapidly from the total area of 219.96 km 2 to 95.71 km 2 . During 2004-2010, reservoir wetland evolution was impacted by both natural and socio-economic factors, and the dominant driving factors were urbanization rate and precipitation with the contribution rate of 6.62 and 4.22, respectively, and caused the wetland total area growth slightly to 109.73 km 2 . 相似文献
5.
ZHONGLinsheng ZHANGYongmin ZHAOShidong KarlE.Rvavec 《地理学报(英文版)》2003,13(4):423-428
Based on GIS and statistical methods, with the help of searching historical literatures and calculating the landscape indices, the land use changes of Qian‘an County in both spatial and temporal aspects from 1945 to 1996 has been analyzed in this paper. And the driving forces of land use changes and their ecological effects are discussed too. The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) Land use changed greatly in Qian‘an during 1945-1996, characterized by a decrease in grassland, wetland and water bodies, and an increase in cultivated land, saline-alkali land, and the land for housing and other construction purposes. Grassland decreased by 175,828.66 ha, and cultivated land increased by 102,137.23 ha over the half century. Accordingly, the main landscape type changed from a steppe landscape to a managed agricultural ecosystem. (2) Results of correlation analysis show that the land use change in the study area was mainly driven by the socioeconomic factors. (3) The ecological effects of land use change in the area are characterized by serious salinization, degression of soil fertility and the weakening, of landscaoe suitability. 相似文献
6.
《地理学报(英文版)》2019,(11)
The lake hydrological and meteorological data of the Tibetan Plateau are not rich. This research reports the observed climatic data and measured water levels of saline lakes from the local meteorological stations in the Zabuye salt lake, the Dangqiong Co salt lake and the Bankog Co salt lake in recent two decades. Combining with satellite remote sensing maps, we have analyzed the changes of the water level of these three lakes in recent years and discussed the origins of the changes induced by the meteorological factors. The results show that the annual mean temperature and the water level reflect a general ascending trend in these three lakes during the observation period. The rising rates of the annual mean temperature were 0.08℃/yr during 1991–2014 and 0.07℃/yr during 2004–2014, and of the water level, were 0.032 m/yr and 0.24 m/yr, respectively. Analysis of changes of the meteorological factors shows the main cause for the increase of lake water quantity are the reduced lake evaporation and the increased precipitation in the lake basins by the rise of average temperature. Seasonal variation of lake water level is powered largely by the supply of lake water types and the seasonal change of regional climate. 相似文献
7.
基于RS与GIS的三峡库区(重庆段)人居环境适宜性评价 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
To explore geographical differences in quantitative characteristics and spatial pat-tern of human settlements environmental suitability (HSES) in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA),terrain,climate,hydrology,vegetation and other natural factors were selected to build the livable environmental evaluation,and the quantitative analysis was conducted through Remote Sensing(RS) and Geographic Informational System (GIS) to reveal geo-graphical characteristics and spatial patterns of HSES.The results are obtained as follows:(1) inhabitants of the TGRA of Chongqing are concentrated in the area with moderate high HSES,which is 78% of the total population distributed in 48% of the study area;(2) the HSES is closely related to the terrain,and it forms an arc-banded spatial succession pattern:relatively low in the northeast and the southeast while comparatively high in the west and the south;(3) large numbers of people are distributed in the area with low suitability (with higher population density than the average of the western China),but economic development level in these areas is quite low.Moreover,these areas are ecological sensitive and fragile,many kinds of eco-environmental problems have been caused by human activities.Therefore,population migration and layout are reasonable options for the development of these areas. 相似文献
8.
1984-2008年北京湿地景观格局驱动机制(英文) 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The landscape pattern of Beijing wetlands has undergone a significant change as a result of natural and artificial elements.Supported by remote sensing and GIS technology,using multi-temporal TM images from 1984 to 2008 in Beijing,this paper analyzed the dynamic characteristics of wetlands landscape pattern through selected typical indices including patch area,patch average area,fractal dimension index,diversity,dominance,contagion indices and the spatial centroids of each wetlands type were calculated.Finally,the paper explored the evolution mode and driving factors of wetland landscape pattern.The results were obtained as follows:the total wetland area increased during the period 1984-1996,then decline from 1996 to 2004.The wetland area in 1994 accounted for only 47.37% of that in 2004.The proportion of artificial wetland area was larger than that of natural wetland.The proportion of reservoir wetland was 33.50% to 53.73% and had the maximum average area.pond and paddy field wetland type with the least average area accounted for 16.46% to 45.09% of the total wetland area.The driving forces of the natural river wetland were mainly natural elements;its fractal dimension index was greater than the others.The Shannon diversity index of wetland landscape increased from 1.11 in 1992 to 1.34 in 2004,indicating that the difference between proportions of each wetland type decreased and areas of each wetland type were evenly distributed.The contagion index went down from 65.59 to 58.41,indicating that the connectivity degraded.Miyun Reservoir had the largest area and its area change had a great impact on the location of the centroid.Wetland resources degenerated gradually from the joint effects of natural and artificial factors.During the period 2006-2008,the precipitation increased and the drought condition was relieved.The government implemented series of positive policies to save water resources,and the wetland area increased. 相似文献
9.
The normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） is used extensively to describe vegetation cover and ecological environ- ment change. The purpose of this study was to contrast the response of different tree species growing in the same habitat to climate change and retrieve past NDVI using tree-ring width data from tree cores collected from the transitional zone of Pinus tabulaeformis and Picea crassifolia in the Luoshan Mountains in the middle arid region of Ningxia. Correlation analysis indi- cated that radial growth ofP tabulaeJbrmis is more sensitive to precipitation and temperature change than that ofP crassifolia. Natural factors such as water availability and heat at this elevation are more suited to the growth ofP crassifolia, and are more advantageous to its renewal and succession. P. crassifolia is probably the better of the two species for protecting the forest ecosystem and conserving water in the Luoshan desertification area. Ring width of P. crassifolia correlates significantly with average NDVI for April-May （r =0.641, p 〈0.01）, and both of them are influenced positively by precipitation in April-May. The reconstructed NDVI for 1923-2007 shows the relatively low vegetation cover occurred in the 1920s-1930s, the 1960s-1970s, and the early 21 st century. The reconstructed NDVI better reflected the drought climate in the study area. 相似文献
10.
中国生态地理区域系统区划 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
Eco-geographic regionalization has been one of the most important topics in China‘s regionalization researches since the end of the 20th century. It is a major ecosystem in geographic zonality. A hierarchical system, which is formed by division or combination of natural features based on geographic relativity and comparison of major ecosystem factors (including biological and non-biological) and geographic zonality, is called eco-geographic regional system. This paper introduces process of China‘s regionalization development. The first level unit, temperature zone, is delineated with main criteria of temperature. The second level unit, humidity region, is based on criteria of water/moisture states. The third level unit, natural region, is divided according to medium geomorphologic units. Vegetation types and soils are applied as supplementary criteria to indicate temperature and water/moisture states. Mapping process from qualitative to quantitative and China‘s eco-geographic regional system are also explained in this paper. 相似文献
11.
The probability of crane living in reedy wetlands can reach 100%, at the same time, the area of reed, the water level and adjacent water area are main factors which control the crane's habitat selection. We all know that all these factors are spatially heterogeneous. For the Xianghai wetland safety and to protect the Xianghai wetland habitat of crane, this paper has mainly identified a solution to these problems. The wetland information is extracted from the TM images, which reflect the whole wetland landscape and are very important for both quantitative analysis of remote sensing observation of the earth system and positioning analysis in GIS database that is automatically extracted from DEM. The DEM for Xianghai characteristics of topography is created. On the basis of the GRID SUBMODULE, applying the GIS spatial overlay analysis, the relationship between the water level and the reed area below the water level and the rating distribution maps of reed area above water level is established. When the water level reaches the altitude of 165 m, the reed area, 981.2 ha is maximum, i.e., the water level of 165 m is the optimal. 相似文献
12.
向海自然保护区鹤类生境优化水位的模拟 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
芦苇面积,苇下水位变动和邻近水域大小等是影响鹤类生境选择的重要因子,通过建立向海地区的数字高程模型 (DEM),将其与从遥感影像上获取的向海湿地景观信息在ARC/INFO模块下进行空间叠加分析,建立了水位与芦苇分布的动态关系。通过模拟得出：当湿地水位达到165 m时,鹤类可选择的生境面积最大,为981.2hm2。此外,本文还模拟了不同水位以上芦苇面积的等级分布规律。该模拟结果对于向海自然保护区鹤类生境的优化管理及主要供水源向海水库的科学管理具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
13.
扎龙湿地火烧严重度分析及火灾对丹顶鹤生境的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用ETM 遥感影像资料,分析了扎龙湿地火烧严重度及火灾对扎龙湿地丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)生境的影响。采用火灾前、后的ETM 影像数据,计算差异性归一化燃烧率(dNBR)和制作扎龙火烧严重度分布图,用综合燃烧指数(CBI)分析植被死亡率对生境变化的影响程度,并分析两者的相关关系;利用两种燃烧指数与对应的高程、植被类型、坡度、功能分区和丹顶鹤巢位等因子叠加分析作为火烧区的评价指标;再根据火烧严重度分类图定量化分析火灾对丹顶鹤生境和巢址变化的影响。结果表明,CBI与dNBR之间有非线性关系(n=59,R2=0.8724);判定高程在148.3~154.6m和坡度在0°~0.185°之间,且分布有大量芦苇(Phragmites australis)沼泽的核心区低洼地易发生火灾;在火烧强度较高的情况下,迫使丹顶鹤选择次适宜的栖息环境,降低了丹顶鹤对隐蔽条件和食物资源的标准,导致丹顶鹤重新选择巢址的位置,其种群数量迅速减少。研究结果对扎龙湿地动物资源可持续发展具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
14.
不同补水条件下黄河三角洲湿地恢复情景模拟 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
针对黄河三角洲湿地退化现状,设计了三种湿地修复水量预案。利用水文模型SOBEK和地下水模型Visual Modflow对不同补水预案下湿地水文过程进行模拟,将水文模拟结果与湿地立地条件、植被条件在景观决策支持模型LEDESS框架下进行集成,对三种补水预案下湿地修复情景进行模拟和评价。研究表明,对黄河三角洲湿地的恢复,根据区域湿地条件差异,其恢复目标及所需要的适宜水量也有所不同。一千二管理区宜采用最大引水预案,提高涉禽鸟类的生境适宜性;黄河口管理区宜采用最小水量预案,同时应降低生境干扰以改善栖息地质量;对于大汶流管理区,中等水量对于涉禽类和游禽类的生境都有较大改善。本研究将水文过程与景观过程进行集成,利用情景模拟方法,为湿地恢复决策提供一种新的尝试。 相似文献
15.
松嫩平原退化芦苇湿地恢复模式 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为了探讨松嫩平原退化芦苇（Phragmites australis）湿地的生态恢复模式,2001—2008年,在吉林省西部牛心套堡退化的芦苇湿地进行了示范研究。试验苇田面积100hm2,以工程措施恢复湿地与河流的水力联系,改造苇田基底,完善灌排水系统;通过鱼虾自然增殖与人工放流、芦苇培育等生物措施,恢复苇田生物群落;采用农艺措施与水资源管理技术,恢复苇田的水文过程和生境。至2008年,苇田水环境盐度和碱度分别下降了92．21％和90．96％,平均每年下降30．55％和29．06％;苇田地表0～20cm土体脱盐率59．70％,平均每年下降14．06％;土壤有机质含量增加105．37％;芦苇产量增加697．67％。试验结果表明,采用过程导向策略,恢复与重建因水文过程功能丧失而导致退化的芦苇湿地,综合应用工程、生物、农艺及水资源优化管理等措施,可促进苇田生物与生境的恢复,再建水文、生物等重要生态过程和恢复湿地原有的生态功能,对松嫩平原退化盐碱芦苇湿地的生态恢复与重建具有参考作用。 相似文献
16.
扎龙保护区湿地扰动因子及其影响研究 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17
扎龙湿地的扰动因子有气候、洪水、火、水利工程、农业活动等因子。这些扰动因子给湿地带来了正反两方面的作用,而扎龙湿地在扰动因子的作用下,导致湿地面积减小、生物多样性降低、水质污染、景观破碎等,进而导致湿地功能下降,生态环境严重恶化。对湿地扰动因子进行分析,掌握它们的作用过程和发生机理,对湿地的利用、保护以及恢复重建具有重要的意义。 相似文献
17.
向海湿地生态环境退化机制研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
向海湿地位于半干旱的吉林西部平原区,生态环境脆弱,在自然和人为驱动影响下,系统结构和功能出现明显的退化趋势,表现为湿地面积缩小、调节功能削弱、区域荒漠化发展迅速。文章通过对向海湿地生态环境背景条件及退化现状的分析,探讨了湿地生态环境退化的机制：自然环境的脆弱性是湿地退化的前提,上游水的大量截流、水利工程设施及土地资源的不合理开发利用触发了湿地退化的过程。通过对退化湿地的脆弱因子分析,指出退化河流湿地的恢复必须从湿地的水文功能出发,考虑水资源的循环和转化,制定水资源综合利用方案及生态技术和生态工程。 相似文献
18.
3S技术在湿地研究中的应用 总被引：23，自引：5，他引：23
湿地具有多种生态功能和经济与社会价值,是人类赖以生存和发展的自然资源宝库与生存环境。湿地研究已受到国际社会的高度重视,成为国际生态学与环境科学研究的热点问题之一。3S技术的发展为湿地研究提供了新的方法和强有力的技术支持。主要论述了3S技术在湿地资源调查、湿地动态变化监测、湿地景观变化分析、湿地制图、湿地资源管理等方面的应用概况;在此基础上概要论述了3S技术在湿地研究应用中存在的主要问题和解决方案;最后论述了3S技术在湿地研究应用中的发展前景。提出应加大3S技术集成的深度,加强3S技术在湿地生物多样性、湿地环境效益、湿地边界确定及湿地资源管理等研究中的应用,把对湿地资源信息的分析和处理提高到研究湿地空间的规划和决策层面上,为管理和合理利用湿地资源指引方向。 相似文献
19.
向海湿地景观格局变化及其原因分析 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
以5km为环间距,将向海湿地分割为5个同心圆。选用1980年和2000年遥感影像为基本信息源,在ARC/INFO、ERDAS8.5和FRAGSTATS3.3软件的支持下,对景观指数:斑块密度、平均斑块面积、景观多样性指数和分维数进行分析。结果表明,自20世纪80年以来,向海湿地面积萎缩、斑块破碎化。人类活动强度和自然因子变化幅度的分析表明,湿地变化是人为因子和自然因子共振迭加的结果。要保护湿地,必须控制人类对向海湿地的干扰。 相似文献