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我国森林植被遥感调查及建库研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国森林植被的覆盖程度受到土壤、气候、海拔、人为等各种因素的互相影响,为了能够遵循＂适地适树＂原则而更加精确在不同地区栽种适宜的树种从而提高我国森林覆被率,利用遥感技术对全国森林植被及其所生长的条件进行调查是重中之重。本文以全国范围为研究区域,利用MODIS数据对土壤、植被及气候数据进行提取,引入梯形网格,对全国进行等经纬度的网格划分,利用ArcGIS,ENVI等软件绘出我国土壤类型、N、P元素及有机质含量、年降雨量、年最高温度及最低温度的温度等值线,再利用数据挖掘技术提取与森林植被覆盖率相关的影响因子得出我国现阶段森林植被覆盖图,计算出我国现有林地面积并对影响森林植被覆盖的因子进行数据库的录入。 相似文献
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近年来凉山彝族自治州森林火灾频发,且蔓延迅速,扑救难度大。本文选择传统遥感手段,利用遥感卫星和无人机相关数据,以木里藏族自治县森林火灾为背景,明确了可燃物识别及其易燃性的意义;选择地形、地表温度、植被含水情况等因子对目标区域进行评价,并引入生态水(层)概念,将植被生态水作为一种重要的参数因子;分析研究区的自然环境特点,研究森林植被可燃物易燃程度的重要性及其空间分布,并构建一种适用于森林植被茂密地区的可燃物易燃程度评价体系,为降低研究区森林火灾风险提供防控依据。 相似文献
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利用星载激光雷达的大光斑全波形数据估测植被结构参数、监测森林生态已受到广泛关注。为了更准确地理解森林植被的结构参数和光学特性对激光雷达回波波形的影响,利用实测森林植被数据提取植被空间分布的统计规律,考虑地形坡度变化和植被冠层反射特性的影响,生成参数化的森林植被空间轮廓反射模型,结合星载激光雷达的回波理论,建立了面向植被的星载激光雷达波形仿真器。由大兴安岭地区的实测植被数据提取的统计规律生成的森林目标仿真波形与地球科学激光测高仪系统（Geoscience Laser Altimeter System,GLAS）真实回波波形具有较好的一致性,平均相关系数R2达到0.91。通过波形仿真分析发现,光斑尺寸减小有利于大坡度地形的森林信息反演,研究成果对中国未来研制星载激光雷达载荷的系统参数设计具有参考意义。 相似文献
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本文讨论了以热带森林植被为主体的再生资源的面积动态变化监测。研究中包括两个部分。首先,我们利用多时相遥感图像对大面积的西双版纳州进行地类判读,系统地分析了森林植被的动态变化。其次,利用Landsat MSS和TM数据对自然保护区的动态变化进行了包含无监督分类和归一化差值植被指数分析的数字图像处理,变化分类也相当符合实际。总的实验结果表明,这种监测方法是很有效的,可在再生资源监测中特别是在森林植被监测中加以推广应用。 相似文献
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本文以雷州半岛为研究区,利用Sentinel-2A影像数据和真实植被样本数据,综合探讨了机器学习中随机森林与支持向量机的分类效果,并与传统的最大似然法进行比较。提取Sentinel-2A影像9个波段、7个植被指数、72个纹理特征,通过递归特征消除法挑选了10个特征组合,并将其应用于3种分类方法中,对其分类效果进行比较。结果表明:①有效使用多种特征变量是提高植被类型识别精度的关键,就不同特征对植被类型识别的重要性而言,光谱特征与纹理特征相当且大于植被指数,三者重要性相差不大;②随机森林分类效果最佳,不但能对特征进行有效选择,而且能保证植被类型提取精度,提高运行效率;③基于随机森林特征选择的递归特征消除法得到的特征组合不能对其他分类器性能进行优化,对随机森林模型本身的优化效果也有限。 相似文献
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本文介绍了利用卫星遥感编制西双版纳州热带森林植被图的研究方法。论述了以森林生态规律为导向,以多种传感器遥感信息为基础,通过计算机图像处理和森林植被分类判读,编制了热带森林植被图的技术过程。研究结果表明,利用多种传感器卫星遥感数据SPOT XS和TM,结合部份航空像片编制热带森林植被图是可行的。该图件的编制为西双版纳珍贵的热带森林植被的保护管理提供了重要的基础信息。 相似文献
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针对内蒙古不同生态区植被长势时空变化及其对气候变化的响应差异问题,本文基于MODIS遥感数据构建植被长势指数(GI)模型,结合研究区气温降水数据,利用相关分析法研究了该区植被长势对不同气候因子响应的时空差异特征.结果表明:内蒙古近17a生长季植被GI整体呈上升趋势,森林生态区和草原生态区植被长势平稳,荒漠草原生态区植被长势较好;生长季植被GI均值在空间上呈南高北低的分布特征,植被长势整体由好到差表现为荒漠草原生态区＞森林生态区＞草原生态区;植被长势与气温呈负相关关系、与降水呈正相关关系;森林生态区植被长势受气温和降水共同影响,草原生态区和荒漠草原生态区植被长势主要受降水影响;大部分地区表现为受非气候因子驱动. 相似文献
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汶川地震灾后农田和森林植被恢复遥感监测 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
2008年汶川8.0级特大地震对当地的生态系统造成了极大的破坏,为了评估5年来灾区农田和森林植被的恢复情况,利用逐年机载高分辨率遥感影像,结合星载遥感数据和地面调查数据,开展了灾区农林植被恢复状况监测。在农田恢复监测方面,结合2008年地震发生后以及2013年5月中旬的机载高分辨率遥感数据,采用目视解译的方式对汶川地震中受损农田的恢复状况进行监测与评估,同时利用GVG(GPS、Video和GIS)农情采样系统的作物种植成数调查结果,分析了灾后作物种植结构的变化。结果表明,灾区1592 ha受损农田,5年后仅有约17.5%得到了恢复和耕种使用。就耕地利用强度而言,重灾区耕地利用率较高,作物种植结构没有发生重大变化。在森林恢复状况监测方面,对典型区(岷江干旱河谷区和盆周山地区的3个重点区域)采用目视解译方式识别出森林变化,并结合大区域尺度规一化植被指数(NDVI)时间序列变化分析,对整个灾区的森林损毁和恢复情况做出评价。监测结果显示,汶川县、什邡市和绵竹市的森林植被恢复情况总体较好,但是一些坡度较大的损毁区、次生灾害频发区的森林尚未恢复,大区域尺度的统计结果显示,地震重灾区的46381 ha重度损毁森林植被和177025 ha中度损毁森林植被区域,完全恢复的区域占13.52%和25.84%,部分恢复的区域都占到50%。在自然恢复较为困难的区域,如汶川县中部和东北部、都江堰市北部、彭州市北部、什邡市北部、绵竹市北部、安县北部及北川县南部等,需要加强人工干预。遥感监测方法既适用于震后的农田和森林恢复状况动态监测,也适用于其他自然灾害发生时对灾区农田和森林植被破坏状况进行应急监测,具有实际应用价值和良好的发展前景。 相似文献
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基于蓝噪声理论的遥感图像森林植被纹理测量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
遥感图像分割中森林植被是重要的一类目标,有效确定森林植被的纹理尺度是纹理分割的重要问题。提出一种用蓝噪声理论描述遥感图像森林植被纹理特征的方法,是一种新的植被纹理刻画和纹理尺度计算方法。研究尺度与植被纹理形态的对应关系,对于选定的探测区域,迭代寻找蓝噪声特征。迭代过程包含通过几何变换缩小区域的尺寸,用快速傅里叶变换获取区域的频谱响应,从频谱响应中提取蓝噪声特征。对于具有蓝噪声特征的区域,计算森林植被纹理的灰度分布,根据当前区域尺寸计算纹理的尺寸。实验表明,森林植被纹理单元的尺度和灰度分布测量结果准确,为进一步纹理分割提供了可靠的基础。 相似文献
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Debashis Chakraborty Dibyendu Dutta H Chandrasekharan 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2001,29(3):115-128
The vegetation dynamics and land use/land cover types of Birantiya Kalan watershed located in the arid tracts of western Rajasthan have been characterized and evaluated using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS). The watershed under study falls in the transitional plain of Luni Basin and is characterized by Aravali ranges in the eastern half and vast alluvial plains in the west. The land use/land cover types, as identified are cropland, fallow, forest, land with scrub, land without scrub, sandy area and the water body. Land with scrub occupied maximum area (39% area of the watershed) in 1996 in place of crop land which was dominant (43% of total area) in the year 1988. During eight years period, seasonal fallow land increased significantly and the areal extent of water body decreased to almost half. Vegetation vigour types have been classified into very poor, poor. moderate, good and very good categories. Moderate vigour type reduced from 62 to 27% and poor type increased from 34 to 68% during the period 1988 to 1996. Other vegetation vigour types have not shown any significant changes. To quantify the changes over the years in both vegetation and land use/land cover, weightages have been given to each type and composite values of both vegetation vigour and land use types for 1996 and 1988 have been calculated. It has been observed that the ratio for vegetation vigour has been found to be 0.85 showing that the overall vegetation have not improved after the treatment. The ratio for land use is found to be 1.01, which indicates negligible change in land use. 相似文献
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R. K. Somashekar P. Ravikumar C. N. Mohan Kumar K. L. Prakash B. C. Nagaraja 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2009,37(1):37-50
The Bandipur National Park situated in the Western Ghats of Karnataka State, is one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world.
During recent years, this park has witnessed repeated fires, affecting considerable areas under vegetation. The temporal satellite
data from 1997 to 2006 have been analyzed to map the burnt areas using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System
(GIS) techniques. The vegetation cover is moist deciduous, dry deciduous, scrub forests and teak plantation. Information on
extent of the burnt areas and the type of vegetation affected were derived forest range-wise. The fire prone regions have
been identified by integrating vegetation type/density, road and settlement network and past history of forest fire occurrence,
by assigning subjective weightage according to their fire-inducing capability or their sensitivity to fire. Comparison between
each temporal dataset in terms of the extent of burnt area was also carried out to interpret fire incidence pattern. Three
categories of fire risk regions such as Low, Moderate and High fire intensity zones were identified and it was found that
almost 40% of the study area falls under low risk zone. An evaluation of the existing fire management systems and the implication
of fire prevention programmes has been discussed, besides an assessment of causal factors for fire incidence in the park. 相似文献
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南水北调中线工程是我国大规模跨流域调水工程的一部分,开展该区域植被覆盖度变化的研究与分析,对于保护该区域的生态环境及水质具有重要意义。该文以2000年和2009年两期遥感图像为本底数据,利用基于NDVI的像元二分模型对南水北调中线水源区的植被覆盖度进行了估算,并分析了该区植被覆盖度的时空变化特征。结果表明:2000年该水源区植被覆盖度的平均值为67.5%,2009年的平均值达到72%,植被覆盖度总体呈增长趋势;植被覆盖度增幅的空间特征表现为水源区中部地区高,东西部地区相对较低;在不同植被类型中,落叶针叶林的覆盖度平均值增幅最大,草地覆盖度增幅最小;位于水源区的大多数县(市)的植被覆盖度在近十年来都有不同程度的增加,其中柞水县的植被覆盖度平均值增长幅度最大,这与国家实施退耕还林、封山育林、基本农田建设等政策有关。 相似文献
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T. S. Kachhwaha 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》1990,18(1-2):9-14
Forests in the plains of Uttar Pradesh are depleted to great extent. Existing figures on the area under forest, though contradictory, indicate a grim situation of forest cover. In the present study, supervised classification technique with maximum likelihood algorithum has been used to assess the forest in the region extending between Lucknow through Allahabad to Mirzapur city in the plains of Uttar Pradesh. It has been possible to successfully identify and map 5 different categories of forests by computer processing of Landsat-3 Multispectral Scanner data. The area under each category has also been computed. Whatever little forest exists in this area is also greatly influenced by biotic interferences. The vegetation formation in these forests is thus degraded and/or secondary. Spectral behaviour of various categories of forests have also been discussed. 相似文献
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C. Vancutsem J.-F. Pekel C. Evrard F. Malaisse P. Defourny 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2009
The need for quantitative and accurate information to characterize the state and evolution of vegetation types at a national scale is widely recognized. This type of information is crucial for the Democratic Republic of Congo, which contains the majority of the tropical forest cover of Central Africa and a large diversity of habitats. In spite of recent progress in earth observation capabilities, vegetation mapping and seasonality analysis in equatorial areas still represent an outstanding challenge owing to high cloud coverage and the extent and limited accessibility of the territory. On one hand, the use of coarse-resolution optical data is constrained by performance in the presence of cloud screening and by noise arising from the compositing process, which limits the spatial consistency of the composite and the temporal resolution. On the other hand, the use of high-resolution data suffers from heterogeneity of acquisition dates, images and interpretation from one scene to another. The objective of the present study was to propose and demonstrate a semi-automatic processing method for vegetation mapping and seasonality characterization based on temporal and spectral information from SPOT VEGETATION time series. A land cover map with 18 vegetation classes was produced using the proposed method that was fed by ecological knowledge gathered from botanists and reference documents. The floristic composition and physiognomy of each vegetation type are described using the Land Cover Classification System developed by the FAO. Moreover, the seasonality of each class is characterized on a monthly basis and the variation in different vegetation indicators is discussed from a phenological point of view. This mapping exercise delivers the first area estimates of seven different forest types, five different savannas characterized by specific seasonality behavior and two aquatic vegetation types. Finally, the result is compared to two recent land cover maps derived from coarse-resolution (GLC2000) and high-resolution imagery (Africover). 相似文献