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松藻矿区是我国煤层气资源富集区之一。为揭示松藻矿区地下水对煤层气富集影响,利用煤田勘查获取的水文地质资料,基于含水层结构、水化学特征、抽水资料的系统分析,阐明了含煤地层上覆和下伏含水层地下水的空间展布特征,建立了地下水的分布模式,探讨了地下水动力场对煤层气富集的影响。研究表明:松藻矿区含水层和隔水层相互叠置,随着埋深的增加含水性减弱;含煤岩系与上覆、下伏含水层缺乏水力联系,为相互独立的含水系统;上覆长兴组和下伏茅口组地下水动力场呈南高北低展布;地下水动力场有近河流岩溶裂隙渗入型、断层沟通岩溶裂隙补给型、稳定承压弱含水型三种类型,以稳定承压弱含水型为主;含煤岩系的极弱含水性及其与上覆、下伏含水地层缺乏水力联系构成了区内水文地质控气基础,是研究区煤层含气性高的重要控制因素。 相似文献
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羊庄岩溶水系统地下水是山东枣庄滕州市、山亭区和薛城区城市供水及部分工业用水的主要来源。基于地下水环境演化趋势评价指标体系的羊庄岩溶水系统地下水环境演化趋势的研究,对地区饮用水安全、工农业生产和经济社会可持续发展具有重要意义。以羊庄岩溶水系统地下水为研究对象,用地下水环境演化趋势评价指标体系对系统地下水环境演化趋势进行研究,结果显示,除山亭断块和辛召断块部分低山丘陵区以波动平衡演化为主以外,其他地区地下水环境演化趋势以劣向演化为主,约占系统总面积的2/3,亟需采取相关措施抑制这一趋势。 相似文献
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本文从地球化学角度出发,解析了方山玄武岩饮用矿泉水中化学成份的来源问题,对其水中化学成份形成的影响因素也作了探讨。本文确定了方山饮用矿泉的成因类型,揭示了影响化学元素迁移的因素,查明了地下水与围岩(含水岩组)相互作用的特征,建立了水一岩平衡,推导了元素在地下水中的迁移强度。影响水中元素迁移的因素有岩石的溶滤程度、组成岩石的矿物溶解度、地下水水动力条件、水化学特征和含水岩组的化学成份及其存在形式等。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系含水层系统分析 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：16
从地下水含水层系统的角度对鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系地下水系统进行了划分和分析。由于下白垩系统保安群为一套陆相碎屑岩建造,岩性复杂,由砂岩、粉砂岩和泥岩组成的频繁交替、重复叠置的多层层状结构,决定了鄂尔多斯白垩系自流水盆地是多层结构的地下水系统。这种重复叠置的多层层状地质结构,决定了地下水含水层系统的多层性、承压性及层与层之间的相对封闭性。根据沉积旋回和含水介质的性质,在全盆地范围内把白垩系地下水系统从上向下划分为：罗汉洞含水岩组、环河含水岩组和洛河含水岩组。通过对这3大含水岩组分别进行了分析认为,洛河含水岩组和环河含水岩组分布范围广、,含水层厚度大、天然资源丰富,是盆地区具供水意义的主要含水岩组。罗汉洞含水岩组因分布面积小,含水层厚度差异大、水质变化大,除陇东地区外,大部分地区供水价值较小。 相似文献
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河北平原第四系深层地下水36Cl同位素年龄的研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
为研究河北平原第四系深层地下水的年龄，应用加速器质谱计对河北平原深层地下水样品的N(^36Cl)/N(Cl)进行了测定，计算了其年龄，并与地下水动力学年龄进行了对比研究。结果表明，河北冲洪积平原山前地带保定市第四系第三和第四含水组的地下水年龄皆很小，为近期补给的地下水。中部地带保定地区东部和沧州地区西部的第三含水组地下水年龄皆小于5万a，第四含水组地下水的年龄可能大于10万a。边缘地带沧州市和青县第三含水组地下水年龄为8－9万a左右，东光县为26万a左右；沧州市第四含水组地下水年龄为33万a左右，东光县为77万a左右。 相似文献
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胡国华 《水文地质工程地质》1980,(6)
一 在区域水文地质普查与编图过程中,正确划分含水岩组,是一项极为重要的基础工作。众所周知,在影响区域地下水赋存规律和水量水质的诸地质因素中,地层岩石因素具有基本的控制作用。一方面,含水岩层的分布、埋藏、成因、岩性在很大程度上控制着其中地下水的分布、埋藏、水量及补径排条件;另一方面,控制地下水赋存规律的地质构造和地貌因素也 相似文献
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南方岩溶地区1∶5万水文地质环境地质调查技术要点分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
通过总结南方岩溶地区水文地质环境地质综合调查和地下水开发利用示范6个方面成果,得出南方岩溶地区水文地质环境地质条件具有10个特性:岩溶发育受层组结构类型、地质构造格局和水动力条件等因素控制的综合性,岩溶地下水分布的非均一性,岩溶含水介质由孔、隙、缝、管、洞构成的多重性,岩溶地下水流运动的多相性,岩溶地下水动态变化的剧变性,岩溶水资源时间分布的季节性,干旱与洪涝的交替性,岩溶地下水污染的隐蔽性,岩溶地下水的深埋性,岩溶地下水与生态经济的相关性;论述了对碳酸盐岩层组结构类型、构造演化与岩溶发育期次、岩溶形态组合关系、表层岩溶带、岩溶地下水系统、岩溶地下河、主要环境地质问题和岩溶水资源开发利用条件8个关键科学问题调查研究的技术要点。 相似文献
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河北平原京津以南深层地下水资源形成规律的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文应用同位素技术，结合含水岩组水文地质结构特征的分析及地下水动力方法的年龄计算，揭示了河北平原京津以南地区深层地下水的形成规律，得出深 地下水资源补给能力及承受开采能力很低的结论，这为今后深 地下不资源的合理开发利用提供了重要依据。 相似文献
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In addition to spatial distribution of groundwater-flow parameters, aquifer properties of location and shape are also significant for assessing groundwater resources because they strongly affect water flow. We present a selection of geologic data suitable for aquifer analysis, a mathematical method of processing them, and a combination of several maps produced by it. The data used in the analysis are typically obtained by borehole investigation. Our targets are the areas underlain by geologic bodies with different ages and lithologies; the spatial correlation structures of geologic data over the areas tend to change locally. The processing method should be a versatile one that is applicable to areas where geostatistical stationarity is not satisfied. The aquifer analysis consistent with that requirement consists of two steps: the first is the transformation of screen locations, locations of sand and gravel layers, and resistivity by electric logging into indicator values, and the second is three-dimensional interpolation of these using the optimization principle method to produce three kinds of distribution models. A stochastic simulation is also used for modeling the resistivity distribution. The three distribution models are integrated to generate a value for evaluating the possibility of aquifer existence. A case study of an alluvial coastal plain, situated in southwest Japan, describes an aquifer model that contains three permeable layers. Each layer has about 10-m thickness and is lens shaped. To confirm the validity of the model, we have drilled two wells that reached one of the middle and bottom permeable layers, observing the water level change. Low correlation of the temporal changes of levels between the wells indicates that the two layers are hydrologically independent of each other. Additionally, groundwater-flow patterns have been estimated by transforming the simulation model parameter into hydraulic conductivity through a simple function and using a finite difference method for flow analysis. The procedure proposed by this study can be applied to other areas by changing the weights assigned to each geologic and geotechnical factor in the generation of the coefficient for aquifer existence, considering the reliability of each factor and hydrologic properties of study area. 相似文献
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The aquifer system of the Basin of Mexico is the main source of water supply to the Mexico City Metropolitan Zone. Management of the Basin’s water resources requires improved understanding of regional groundwater flow patterns, for which large amounts of data are required. The current study analyses the regional dynamics of the potentiometric groundwater level using a new database called the Basin of Mexico Hydrogeological Database (BMHDB). To foster the development of a regional view of the aquifer system, data on climatological, borehole and runoff variables are part of the BMHDB. The structure and development of the BMHDB are briefly explained and then the database is used to analyze the consequences of groundwater extraction on the aquifer’s confinement conditions using lithology data. The regional analysis shows that the largest drawdown rates are located north of Mexico City, in Ecatepec (a region that has not yet received attention in hydrogeological studies), due to wells that were drilled as a temporary solution to Mexico City’s water-supply problem. It is evident that the aquifer has changed from a confined to an unconfined condition in some areas, a factor that is responsible for the large subsidence rates (40 cm/year) in some regions. 相似文献
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Sources of water, travel times and protection areas for wells in semi-confined aquifers 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Yangxiao Zhou 《Hydrogeology Journal》2011,19(7):1285-1291
This paper presents new findings in interpreting analytical solutions of steady radial flow to a well in a semi-confined aquifer (overlain by a phreatic aquifer and aquitard), and demonstrates that 95% of pumped water is derived from leakage water within a radius of 4 times the leakage factor. The travel times of the leakage water from the radii of influence to the well are usually much longer than those derived from the travel time criteria currently used to delineate the well protection areas. The delineation of well protection zones based on the travel time criteria will not properly protect the source of water to the well. Therefore, the percentage of leakage water to the well is used as a new criterion to define the well protection areas. Within each well protection area, the mean residence time is used as an indicator of the renewable period of the aquifer system. Leakage-rate weighted residence times are used to calculate the mean residence time. For the safety and sustainability of drinking water supplies, groundwater in the phreatic aquifer within the radius of influence should be protected. 相似文献
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滨海地区社会与经济的发展引发了各种各样的水文地质问题, 因此对滨海地区的水文地质条件, 尤其是地下水与海水之间的水力联系的研究尤为重要.本文考察了海底露头处具有淤泥层的滨海含水层系统中由海潮引起的水头波动.该系统由潜水含水层、承压含水层和介于其间的弱透水层构成.建立了该系统的数学模型, 得到了该模型的解析解.该解析解包含2个无量纲参数: 弱透水层的相对越流系数和淤泥层的相对透水系数.解析解表明, 淤泥层使各处的水头波幅被缩小了一个常数倍(波幅缩减因子), 并使各处的波动相位产生了一个不超过45°的正位移常数(时滞).该时滞对半日潮不超过1.5h, 对全日潮不超过3h.波幅缩减因子和正位移常数只与弱透水层的相对越流系数和淤泥层的相对透水系数有关.当这两个无量纲参数取某些特殊值时, 本次研究的解和前人考虑的几种较简单情形所对应的解一致.承压含水层中水头波幅随着淤泥层的相对透水系数的递增而严格递增, 随弱透水层的相对越流系数的递增而严格递减; 波动相位随着这2个无量纲参数的递增均严格递减.分析表明弱透水层的越流和淤泥层的存在均对承压含水层水头波动有显著影响. 相似文献
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Study of hydrogeochemical processes of the groundwater in Ghatprabha river sub-basin, Bagalkot District, Karnataka, India 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. Tamma Rao V. V. S. Gurunadha Rao Y. Srinivasa Rao G. Ramesh 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(7):2447-2459
The alluvial aquifer of the Ghatprabha River comprises shallow tertiary sediment deposits underlain by peninsular gneissic complex of Archean age, located in the central–eastern part of the Karnataka in southern India. In order to establish the baseline hydrochemical conditions and processes determining the groundwater quality, groundwater samples were collected as part of an integrated investigation that coupled multivariate statistical analysis with hydrochemical methods to identify and interpret the groundwater chemistry of the aquifer system. Three main hydrochemical types (Ca–Mg–Cl, Ca–Mg–HCO3, and Na–SO4) were identified. Gibbs plots indicate that the evolution of water chemistry is influenced by water–rock interaction followed by evapotranspiration process. The results of factor analysis indicated the total variance explained by the extracted factor 79.9% and 87.1% for both pre- and post-monsoon, respectively. And other processes such as silicate weathering, ion exchange, and local anthropogenic activities affect the groundwater chemistry. 相似文献
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粉细砂层在高层建筑基坑开挖中岩土工程问题探讨：结合南京地区工程实例分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文从土体结构、力学性质、水文地质条件和由工程活动所引起的地质环境变化等方面,分析了古河道区二元结构地层的粉细砂层深基坑开挖中易出现的岩土工程问题,如：地面下沉、流土、管涌、基坑边坡失稳和坑底隆起等,提出了设置合理降水、止水、回灌系统、构筑挡土止水设备、加强施工地质与检测工作等防治与解决问题的对策,并在南京某工程深基坑开挖中险情分析和处理措施中得以实践且收到较好的效果。 相似文献
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滹滏平原地下水系统脆弱性最佳地下水水位埋深探讨 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
笔者以滹滏平原为研究区, 采用统计分析的方法, 分析了地下水防污性与地下水资源脆弱性随地下水位埋深之间的变化关系。结果表明, 当地下水位埋深增大时, 地下水防污性增强的地区, 地下水资源脆弱性也增高;通过二者之间变化关系, 认为受地下水位埋深制约及地下水位埋深对二者的不同影响, 存在使地下水系统脆弱性最佳的地下水位埋深区间;通过地下水位埋深对地下水防污性与地下水资源脆弱性影响及其制约关系, 确定滹滏平原淡水区和咸水区地下水系统脆弱性最佳地下水位埋深分别为27~30 m和15~19 m。 相似文献
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Mohamed El Kashouty 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(1):55-76
A robust classification scheme for partitioning groundwater chemistry into homogeneous groups was an important tool for the characterization of Eocene limestone aquifer. The aquifer locally is composed of chalky limestone with thin clay intercalated (Samalut Fm.), the fissures, the joints, and the fractures are represented the conduits of the aquifer system. The flow patterns are conditioned by karstification processes which develop a conduit network and preserve low permeability microfractured blocks. The aquifer is mainly recharged by surrounding aquifers and agricultural wastewaters. The groundwater flows in the eastern part (due the Bahr Yossef and River Nile), which is a discharge area rather than a recharge. Twenty-eight groundwater samples was collected from the Eocene limestone aquifer and analyzed for isotopes, major, and trace elements. δD and δ18O concentrations ranged widely due to geology, infiltration of different surface waters, evaporation, and hydrogeology. The concentration of δD and δ18O isotopes is depleted in the northern zone of the northern part and western zone of the central and southern part of the study area. They are enriched due the eastern area of the central and southern part of the study area. δD vs. δ18O delineate the Pleistocene aquifer and has a strong influence than other waters on aquifer hydrogeochemistry. It is confirmed by the AquaChem outputs of the mixing proportions of different water types included in the aquifer system. Cl-δD and Cl-δ18O relationships indicate the role of evaporation especially due the eastern area of the central and southern part of the study area. This research tests the performance of the many available graphical and statistical methodologies used to classify water samples. R-mode clustering, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis were investigated. All the methods were discussed and compared as to their ability to cluster, ease of use, and ease of interpretation. Nearly most low-salinity waters are in equilibrium to supersaturate with respect to both carbonate minerals, while it is shifted to undersaturate with salinity. The inverse modeling findings clarify that the calcite, gypsum, and anhydrite dissolution increased due the northeastern area, middle zone, and southern corner of the northern, central, and southern part of the study area, respectively. The latter areas also were characterized by the lowest precipitation of the dolomite. Such areas are distinguished by much more enhancement for aquifer permeability and therefore transmissivity. The latter areas can be use as injection zone by fresh water. It can be a triple function; firstly, it recharges the saline Eocene limestone aquifer through the enhancement hydraulic conductivity and dilutes it. Secondly, it enhances much more the aquifer permeability and therefore the transmissivity. The Eocene limestone aquifer can be improved in quality and quantity by using such a model and exploits it as an alternative water resource with Quaternary aquifer and Nile water. Thirdly, it irrigates more areas to increase the income/capita. The dedolomitization represents the main hydrogeochemical process in the aquifer system. The geomedia (limestone, clay, marl, shale, and sand deposits) are in contact with water, therefore, the rock/water interaction, mixing, and ion exchange were estimated by the geochemical evolution of the groundwater systems. 相似文献