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1.
论青藏高原苔原——成因、分布与分类的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过分析青藏高原形成苔原的综合因素,论证了高原边缘高山和高原本体都发育有苔原,是全球中纬度独特的大陆苔原带.在划分高山苔原与山原苔原的基础上,将山原苔原进一步划分为湿地苔原、草甸苔原、草原苔原和荒漠苔原等4类,丰富了全球苔原结构.阐明青藏高原既有区域环境的独特性,也有适应全球地带性规律的统一性,使高原自然地带的定位更为准确,也有益于高原环境垂直带理论的完善. 相似文献
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首次依空间结构将青藏高原划分为外围高山、外缘高山、高原面高山、高原面及高原盆地等五种地貌体;厘清了高原不存在纬度地带性的误判,并结合作者前期高原苔原的论证,创建了高原苔原带谱体系及其三维仿真地带模型,分别为顶锥型(外围离散高山及高原面高山)、带型(外缘带状高山)和平面型(高原面).既具有一般高山苔原(alpine tundra)垂直带谱,又呈现高原山原苔原所特有的"复式三维地带性模式",在全球具有唯一性.首次编制了表征北极苔原与高原苔原关系的北半球苔原带模式图,指出长白山为东北亚高山苔原南界的论点不能成立,青藏高原苔原才是中国及东北亚苔原的南界.目前高原是第三极称谓皆无顶极生物带苔原带景观为前提,仅是高度上的寓意,从地理概念上明确了其与南北极并列的世界第三极定位. 相似文献
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D. A. Gabov 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2010,52(7):624-629
The PGE minerals (PGM) in the low-sulfide ore of the Pana Tundra intrusion have been studied in the Northern and Southern
reefs, Eastern Chuarvy and Churozero sites. Forty mineral species and five mineral phases of PGE and Au have been identified.
The early magmatic sulfide-telluride-sulfarsenide assemblage and the late redeposited arsenide-telluride assemplage are distinguished
on the basis of relationships between minerals and morphology of PGM. Toward the upper part of the intrusion and from the
west eastward, the contribution of Pt- and Pd-sulfides to ore regularly decreases along with an increase in the amounts of
Pt- and Pd-arsenides depending on the sequence of crystallization of host rocks and degree of their postmagmatic alteration.
Microprobe analyses and variation in chemical compositions of PGM pertaining to the braggite-vysotskite, eoncheite-merenskyite,
and kotulskite-sobolevskite isomorphic series are given. 相似文献
5.
Degermendzhi A. G Vysotskaya G. S. Somova L. A. Pisman T. I. Shevyrnogov A. P. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2020,493(2):658-660
Doklady Earth Sciences - The tundra was divided into different classes depending on the temperature and precipitation in accordance with the Holdridge classification. Dry, moist, wet, and rainy... 相似文献
6.
The massif of Fedorov Tundra was formed as part of the Paleoproterozoic (2.5 Ga) Fedorov-Pana platinum-bearing layered complex
as a result of consecutive emplacement of two intrusive phases. The emplacement of the first phase resulted in the formation
of a large layered intrusive body composed of amphibole gabbro, gabbronorite, norite, pyroxenite, olivine pyroxenite, and
harzburgite. The second phase gave birth to a gabbronorite intrusion smaller in volume and enriched in sulfides and PGM. Magmatic
breccia has been observed in the contact zone between two phases. The rocks of the massif are referred to the series of normal
alkalinity and to the quartz- and olivine-normative groups differing in saturation with silica. Using isoplethic and isobaric
joins of the q-fo-fa-di-hd-ab-an-aq phase diagram, the stages of rock formation are considered. The thermodynamic conditions of rock crystallization were determined
as T = 1000−800°C and $
P_{H_2 O}
$
P_{H_2 O}
= 1000−2500 bar for the first intrusive phase and T = 1000–900°C and $
P_{H_2 O}
$
P_{H_2 O}
= 800−1000 bar for the second intrusive phase. 相似文献
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Vasiliev A. A. Melnikov V. P. Semenov P. B. Oblogov G. E. Streletskaya I. D. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2019,485(1):284-287
Doklady Earth Sciences - Methane concentration in dominant landscapes of typical tundra of Western Yamal has been measured. The highest methane content in the active layer was measured in tundra... 相似文献
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L. N. Andreicheva 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2007,42(1):84-100
Facies-genetic and stratigraphic subdivision of the Quaternary sequence in the Shapkina River valley has been accomplished. The riverbank shows outcrops of three glacial complexes with different mineralogical-petrographic compositions and structural characteristics, which can be correlated and stratificated. Datings of intermoraine horizons (alluvial, marine, lacustrine, and lacustrine-boggy sediments) have been based on the palynological and paleomicrotheriological data. The middle Neopleistocene section can be divided into two till horizons corresponding to two autonomous glaciations (Pechora and Vychegda). They are separated by a member of subaqueous Rodionov sediments. The Pechora till formed in the course of motions of glaciers from the northeast. Glacial horizons are mainly composed of the Vychegda till delivered from the Northwest terrigenous provenance. Lithology of the upper Neopleistocene Polyarnyi till testifies to its formation in the upper course of the river from material delivered from the Northeast terrigenous-mineralogical provenance in the upper course of the river and from Fennoscandian glaciation center in the lower course of the river. The paper presents the first lithological investigation and substantiation of genesis of various facies of Neopleistocene intermoraine marine sediments (sediments of the beach and fore-beach zones and shallow-water shelf). 相似文献
9.
L. I. Nerovich T. B. Bayanova P. A. Serov D. V. Elizarov 《Geochemistry International》2014,52(7):548-566
The dike-vein complex of the Moncha Tundra Massif comprises dolerites, gabbro-pegmatites, and aplites. The dolerite dikes are classified into three groups: high-Ti ferrodolerites, ferrodolerites, low-Ti and low-Fe gabbro-dolerites. The U-Pb age of the ferrodolerites is 2505 ± 8 Ma, and the amphibole-plagioclase metagabbroids hosting a ferrodolerite dike are dated at 2516 ± 12 Ma. Data on the U-Pb isotopic system of zircon from the gabbro-pegmatites and titanite from the aplites indicate that the late magmatic evolution of the Moncha Tundra Massif proceeded at 2445 ± 1.7 Ma, and the youngest magmatic events in the massif related to the Svecofennian orogeny occurred at 1900 ± 9 Ma. The data obtained on the Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isotopic systems and the distribution of trace elements and REE in rocks of the dike-vein complex of the massifs provide insight into the composition of the sources from which the parental magmas were derived. The high-Ti ferrodolerites were melted out of a deep-sitting plume source that contained an asthenospheric component. The ferrodolerites were derived from a mantle MORB-type source that contained a crustal component. The parental melts of the gabbro-dolerites were melted out of the lithospheric mantle depleted in incompatible elements after Archean crust-forming processes above an ascending mantle plume, with the participation of a crustal component. The gabbro-dolerites and the rocks of the layered complex of the Moncha Tundra Massif exhibit similar geochemical characteristics, which suggest that their parental melts could be derived from similar sources but with more clearly pronounced crustal contamination of the parental melts of the rocks of the massif itself. The geochemical traits of the gabbro-pegmatites are thought to be explained not only by the enrichment of the residual magmas in trace elements and a contribution of a crustal component but also by the uneven effect of sublithospheric mantle sources. The aplites were derived from a sialic crustal source. 相似文献
10.
E. V. Sharkov V. F. Smol’kin V. B. Belyatskii A. V. Chistyakov Zh. A. Fedotov 《Geochemistry International》2006,44(4):317-326
The first Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr dates were obtained for the dynamometamorphic processes associated with the origin and evolution of the Moncha Tundra fault, Kola Peninsula, which separates two large Early Paleoproterozoic layered intrusions: the Monchegorsk Ni-bearing mafic-ultramafic intrusion and the Main Range massif of predominantly mafic composition. The fault belongs to the regional Central Kola fault system, whose age was unknown. The material for the dating included metamorphic minerals from blastomylonitic rocks recovered by structural borehole M-1. Mineralogical thermobarometry suggests that the metamorphism occurred at 6.9–7.6 kbar and 620–640°C, which correspond to the amphibolite facies. The Sr and Nd isotopic systems were re-equilibrated, and their study allowed us to date the dynamometamorphic processes using mineral isochrons. It was established that the Moncha Tundra fault, and, respectively, the whole Central Kola fault system appeared in the middle of Paleoproterozoic ～2.0–1.9 Ga, simultaneously with the Svecofennian orogen in the central part of the region and the Lapland-Kola orogen in its northeastern part. Another episode of dynamometamorphism that occurred at 1.60–1.65 Ga is envisaged. 相似文献
11.
植被和气候对阿拉斯加和加拿大北部北极苔原地区多年冻土活动层厚度的影响 总被引：2，自引：4，他引：2
The active layer is the top layer of permafrost soils that thaws during the summer season due to increased ambient temperatures and solar radiation inputs. This layer is important because almost all biological activity takes place there luring the summer. The depth of active layer thaw is influenced by climatic conditions. Vegetation has also been found to have a strong impact on active layer thaw, because it can intercept incoming radiation, thereby insulating the soil from ambient conditions. In order to look at the role of vegetation and climate on active layer thaw, we measured thaw depth and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI; a proxy for aboveground plant biomass) along a latitudinal temperature gradient in arctic Alaska and Canada. At each site several measurements of thaw and NDVI were taken in areas with high amounts of vegetation and areas with little to no vegetation. Results show that the warmest regions, which had the greatest levels of NDVI, had relatively shallow thaw depths, and the coldest regions, which had the lowest levels of NDVI, also had relatively shallow thaw depths. The intermediate regions, which had moderate levels of NDVI and air temperature, had the greatest depth of thaw. These results indicate that temperature and vegetation interact to control the depth of the active layer across a range of arctic ecosystems. By developing a relationship to explain thaw depth through NDVI and temperature or latitude, the possibility exists to extrapolate thaw depth over large scales via remote sensing applications. 相似文献
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This report contains the results of the authors’ studies on geology and isotope geochronology, which allowed them to formulate
the thesis of a two-phase mechanism of the formation of rock associations in the Fedorova Tundra massif. During the former
phase (2526–2507 My), a laminated series of the massif was formed, with shows of platinum-metal mineralization of reef type.
During the later phase (2493–2485 My), a taxitic zone of the massif appeared, with a highly developed basal platinum-metal
mineralization. 相似文献
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Barkhatov Yu. V. Ushakova S. A. Shikhov V. N. Evgrafova S. Yu. Tikhomirov A. A. Degermendzhi A. G. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2018,483(2):1539-1541
Doklady Earth Sciences - Laboratory experiments were conducted in a hermetically sealed growth chamber with two soil samples obtained from the arctic tundra zone with different levels of moisture.... 相似文献
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铀钍的地球化学及对地壳演化和生物进化的影响 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
本文论述了在含挥发份和贫挥发份条件下Ｕ、Ｔｈ的迁移行为及其对地球和行星演化的影响,并阐述了造成地球独特地质演化历史的原因。提出了Ｕ、Ｔｈ在地球中的迁移模式以及该模式对地壳形成、演化的控制作用和对生物发展演化的可能影响。 相似文献
17.
我国中西部前陆盆地的特殊性和多样性及其天然气勘探 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过对我国中西部前陆盆地构造特征、大地构造背景、地球物理特征的理论研究和典型前陆盆地的详细解析,系统分析了我国中西部前陆盆地的发育特征和特殊性。强调晚二叠世以来大小不一、形态各异的多块体小型克拉通的聚合碰撞作用是导致中西部前陆盆地群形成的基本动力学过程：这些小型克拉通的多块体聚合碰撞造就了中西部前陆盆地的特殊性和多样性。同时,明确提出中西部盆地的基本特点是“两期三类前陆盆地”,即海西一印支期前陆盆地和喜山期前陆盆地,三类指海西一印支期的周缘前陆盆地和弧后前陆盆地、喜山期再生前陆盆地。根据前陆盆地的盆地结构和演化特征,又将中西部的前陆盆地划分为4种组合形式,即叠合型组合、改造型组合、早衰型组合和新生型组合。综合论述了不同时期不同类型前陆盆地构造对天然气聚集的五大控制作用。 相似文献
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位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
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The distribution of permafrost and taliks is very complex in the Tuotuo River Basin(TRB), which is located in interior of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Characterizing the spatial distribution and the thermal stability of permafrost and taliks is of great significance to community activities and engineering construction in TRB. Based on the zonation of permafrost and talik distribution around TRB conducted in the 1980s, the soil temperature and its variation process of permafrost and taliks in the south and north banks of the Tuotuo River were analyzed by using the observation data of five boreholes(N1~N5)along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway in the north bank and five boreholes(S1~S5)on the first terrace in the south bank. The results showed that, under the climate warming, permafrost and taliks in the north banks experienced significant degradation and warming process. From 2005 to 2020, the permafrost at the N1 borehole has undergone a significant down-draw degradation process, from extremely unstable and high-temperature permafrost to thawed zone. From 2005 to 2013, the annual average ground temperature of the talik at N2 increased at a rate of 0. 3~0. 4 °C·(10a)-1. At Maqutang on the south bank, permafrost prevails from the first-class terrace to the gentle slope of the Kaixinling Mountain, with both through and non-through taliks on the first-class terrace. The spatial distribution and the thermal stability of permafrost and talik in the TRB are further promoted by analyzing the changes in temperatures at boreholes in the basin. However, to meet the requirements of mapping and engineering construction of permafrost and taliks in the TRB, it is still necessary to carry out geological investigation with multiple methods and in-depth research on development mechanism of taliks in the future. © 2022 Nanjing Forestry University. All rights reserved. 相似文献