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1.
浅水波方程在全球上的变时间步长积分 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文讨论了浅水波方程在全球上的变时间步长(以下简称变步长)积分。并讨论了两步Lax-Wendroff的变时间步长(以下简称TLW变步长)积分,发现积分结果对平滑系数κ很敏感,必须选择合适。井将常数时间步长(以下简称定步长)的积分结果和两种变步长的积分结果进行比较。发现用实际资料作预报,变步长法的预报均方根误差比定步长法的小。还发现变步长的24小时预报对近极地系统移动偏慢的问题比定步长的有较大的改善。变步长积分的计算稳定性也优于定步长。 相似文献
2.
耦合时间步长对ENSO循环周期模拟的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用严邦良等所构造的热带海 气耦合模式来研究耦合时间步长对海 气耦合模式模拟ENSO循环的影响 ,结果表明 :由于耦合时间步长不同 ,海 气耦合模式模拟的不规则周期的ENSO循环可以变为有规则周期的ENSO循环或者反过来。同时 ,耦合时间步长还可以对耦合系统中大气及海洋变量的增长率及传播方向产生影响。 相似文献
3.
基于野外试验对临界起沙风速的计算解析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中地区的野外观测试验数据,通过STOUT建立的高斯时间分数等值方程计算不同时间步长所对应的临界起沙风速,探讨时间步长对计算临界起沙风速的影响,结果表明:(1)利用不同时间步长获取的临界起沙风速具有一定的差异,随着时间步长的缩小,临界起沙风速的获取越来越细化:当时间步长取28 d时,临界起沙风速ut为定值4.85 m·s~(-1);当时间步长取1 d时,ut平均值为4.63 m·s~(-1);当时间步长取12 h时,00:00—11:00(北京时,下同),ut平均值为4.68 m·s~(-1),12:00—23:00,ut平均值为4.58 m·s~(-1);当时间步长取6 h时,计算得到00:00—05:00、06:00—11:00、12:00—17:00和18:00—23:00各时间段的临界起沙风速平均值分别为4.46、4.74、4.50和4.36 m·s~(-1)。(2)观测期间,总沙尘水平通量为732.9 kg·m~(-1),风沙活动持续7 663 min。(3)将不同时间步长获取的临界起沙风速所对应的总沙尘水平通量、沙尘持续时间与观测值进行对比,总沙尘水平通量的计算值均明显高于观测值,时间步长取28 d时,风沙活动持续时间与观测值最接近。 相似文献
4.
针对一类大气、海洋问题，从算子方程出发，在显式完全平方守恒差分格式的基础上提出两种变时间步长的差分算法，使数值计算更加有效。在人工调节时间步长法中，通过人为控制方程中算子能量变化的办法调整时间步长；在自动调节时间步长法中，通过数值试验自动比较出所构造差分格式稳定性的好坏，将它与泰勒展开法及分解算法进行混合应用，验明了自动调节时间步长法具有综合判断差分格式好坏的功能，并得出一些有意义的结论。 相似文献
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天气数值预报工作中所用的初始方程显式差分格式,时间步长取得很短,实际应用很不方便。比如,空间步长取300公里,时间步长只能用10分钟。本文提出一种新型显式差分格式,其计算稳定性不受时间步长(τ)和空间步长(d)大小的限制,由|λ_e|τ/d(e=1,2,3)的整数部分m_e=[|λ_e|τ/d],控制执行“浮动”计算,保持计算稳定。这种差分格式曾用104电子计算机作检验计算,空间步长用25公里,时间步长取20分钟,计算过程稳定,结果精度较高,可与文献[1]中的结果相比较。这表明,初始方程的差分计算,适当延长时间步长是有可能的。 相似文献
6.
半隐式半拉格朗日动力框架的动能谱分析 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
大量的观测事实表明自由大气动能谱与波数之间满足如下关系:在大尺度区域满足E∝k-3关系,过渡到中尺度区域表现为E∝k-5/3关系.数值模式动能谱是测量模式动力框架的耗散的直接度量,而耗散对模式的性能有着重要影响,因此动能谱是研究和评估模式动力框架的非常规的有效方法.文中使用基于半隐式半拉格朗日动力框架的全球/区域一体化模式GRAPES进行数值模拟试验,然后计算GRAPES模式的动能谱并与实际观测得到的大气动能谱比较,得到GRAPES模式能够很好地复制出实际大气动能谱的分布特征,包括从大尺度区域的E∝k-3关系向中尺度的E∝k-5/3关系的过渡特征.并且发现GRAPES模式存在最大有效时间步长,当时间步长小于最大有效时间步长时,模式动能谱随时间步长增大而逐渐衰减;当时间步长大于最大有效时间步长时,模式动能谱随时间步长增大而虚假增长.同时通过与实际大气动能谱比较,发现模式动能谱在5Δx波长附近开始明显衰减,因此将5Δx波长定义为GRAPES模式的最高有效分辨尺度;当空间分辨率提高与时间步长等相协调时,中小尺度模式动能谱向中小尺度延伸而更接近实际大气动能谱;当空间分辨率提高与时间步长等不相协调时,中小尺度模式动能谱存在较大误差,相应的大尺度模式动能谱亦存在较大误差.此外,时间步长对模式spin up过程有着重要的影响,较小时间步长时,spin up过程能够很好发展出合理的动能谱结构,在物理空间上表现为模式能够在spin up时间内生成和发展出合理的中小尺度系统;而较大时间步长时,spin up过程很难发展出合理的动能谱结构,在物理空间上表现为模式未能在spin up时间内生成和发展出合理的中小尺度系统.最后,GRAPES模式动能谱与WRF模式动能谱具有一致性,GRAPES全球中期模式能够完美地模拟出大尺度的E∝k-3动能谱特征.综上所述,本文通过研究GRAPES模式动力框架的动能谱得到了一些有意义的结果,为进一步研究、完善、优化和应用模式提供了科学的指导,可见动能谱是评估模式动力框架的有效方法. 相似文献
7.
在中小尺度数值模拟研究中,经常需要较精确地计算水的凝结和冰的凝华过程。由于从单滴扩散增长理论所推出的方程要求时间步长取得很短(通常小于1秒),因此,除较细致的云微物理模拟外,它很少被直接采用。一般使用“暖云假设”,即假设云内过饱和度在凝结后为零,然后直接计算或采用迭代法处理。但当模式中考虑冰相时,云中过饱和度的绝对值较大,这种方法便不宜使用。本文从云滴扩散增长的参数化处理方法出发,提出了一种既不需要迭代,同时也允许使用较长的时间步长的计算方法。本文还将该种方法与其它通用方法作了比较。 相似文献
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两步保形平流方案在高分辨率球面经纬网格下的跳点差分试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
尝试用一个基于有限差分的两步保形平流方案（TSPAS）替代美国国家大气研究中心第5版公用大气模式（NCAR-CAM5）欧拉-谱动力框架中的半拉格朗日传输（SLT）平流方案,并针对不同分辨率版本,计算水汽等物质的传输过程。通过设计保证守恒性的跳点差分法,解决了基于经纬网格的模式在高分辨率下由于极区纬向格距过小而造成的差分方案积分时间步长过短的问题,使得TSPAS在高分辨率下仍然可以使用较大的时间步长。理想试验表明：（1）跳点TSPAS在守恒性、数值精度（量级上）、保形性等方面均较好地保持了原TSPAS的特点,而积分步长可增大到与CAM5-SLT相同,比原TSPAS提高超过一个数量级;（2）较半拉格朗日传输方案,尽管TSPAS的耗散更大,但是在相同时间步长下更省时,且改进了半拉格朗日传输求解平流方程造成的不守恒问题。CAM5的比较试验表明：（1）采用跳点TSPAS的模式结果与非跳点计算结果相当,在高纬度跳点区域也并未出现模拟异常;（2）在高分辨率下,采用跳点TSPAS方案的CAM5模拟结果与原模式结果相近,并初步显示对东亚青藏高原南侧的虚假降水有所抑制。该工作确保了基于欧拉通量差分型的TSPAS在高分辨率模式下的大时间步长稳定积分,为解决有限差分方法在高分辨率模式发展中的相关计算问题提供了启示,为后续针对东亚地区的模式性能改进奠定了基础。 相似文献
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T S Ledley 《Climate Dynamics》1987,2(2):91-100
A thermodynamic sea ice model that has been numerically structured to take time steps on the order of a week has been shown to be sensitive to time step size. This sensitivity was caused by the extrapolation of initial ice growth rates over the long time step. A new parameterization of new sea ice growth on open ocean and in leads that can be used over a large range of time step sizes (at least from 0.3 to 12 days) is described here. In this parameterization new sea ice growth is computed as a power law function of the initial energy deficit in the ocean. This power law takes into account the rapid reduction of the ice growth rate as the sea ice gets thicker, and therefore reduces sensitivity to time step size. Tests of this parameterization show that this method does a good job of simulating the rate of new ice growth when compared to data from Mawson, Antarctica, and is relatively insensitive to the length of the time step. 相似文献
12.
This paper describes the effects of time step on the simulation of tropical climate in the NCAR-Community Atmosphere Model version 3 (CAM3). A set of multi-year integrations are carried out in a real-planet framework using actual land?Cocean distribution and observed sea surface temperature. Over the tropics there is an increase in total rainfall with a decrease in time step size. Using a lower time step, there is a decrease in the convective component of rainfall, however, the stratiform component increases, and more than compensates the decrease in the former, thus leading to a higher total rainfall. A decrease in time step leads to an increase in the frequencies of moderate, and heavy rainfall categories, which is responsible for the increase in time mean total rainfall over the tropics. Also, the spatial distribution of rainfall becomes more realistic during both summer and winter seasons. In regard to the simulation of equatorial waves, it is found that a lower time step leads to a reduction in the speed of Kelvin waves. The latent heating profile becomes more bottom-heavy with a reduction in time step size, which potentially leads to slower Kelvin waves. Finally, additional experiments conducted in an aqua-planet framework show a consistent and systematic change in the analyzed variables with change in time step, and hence confirm the robustness of the results across modeling frameworks. 相似文献
13.
A method is proposed to initialise coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) developed to study climate change on multi-century time scales. The method assumes that current generation AOGCMs are developed and evaluated using present-day radiative forcing and near present day oceanic initial conditions. To find pre-twentieth century initial conditions, we propose that the radiative forcing be run backwards in time from the present to the desired starting date. The model should then be run for 3–5 centuries with the radiative forcing held constant at the desired date. In our tests, instantaneously switching to pre-twentieth century radiative forcing did not save computational time. When a sufficiently stable pre-twentieth century condition is achieved, the coupled system can be integrated forward to the present and into the future. This method is a first step toward the standardization of AOGCM initialization and suggests a framework for AOGCM initialization for the first time. It provides an internally consistent set of pre-twentieth century initial conditions, although they will vary from model to model. Furthermore, it is likely that this method will yield a fairly realistic present-day climate in transient climate change experiments of the twentieth century, if the model biases are not too large. The main disadvantage of the method is that it is fairly computationally expensive in that it requires an additional 4–6 centuries of model integration before starting historical twentieth century integrations. However, the relative cost of this technique diminishes as more simulations are conducted using the oceanic initial condition obtained using our method. 相似文献
14.
An improved method for doppler wind and thermodynamic retrievals 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A variational method is developed to retrieve winds in the first step and then thermodynamic fields in the second step from Doppler radar observations. In the first step, wind fields are retrieved at two time levels: the beginning and ending times of the data assimilation period, simultaneously from two successive volume scans by using the weak form constraints provided by the mass continuity and vorticity equations.As the retrieved wind fields are expressed by Legendre polynomial expansions at the beginning and ending times, the time tendency term in the vorticity equation can be conveniently formulated, and the retrieved winds can be compared with the radar observed radial winds in the cost function at the precise time and position of each radar beam. In the second step, the perturbation pressure and temperature fields at the middle time are then derived from the retrieved wind fields and the velocity time tendency by using the weak form constraints provided by the three momentum equations. The merits of the new method are demonstrated by numerical experiments with simulated radar observations and compared with the traditional least squares methods which consider neither the precise observation times and positions nor the velocity time tendency. The new method is also applied to real radar data for a heavy rainfall event during the 2001 Meiyu season in China. 相似文献
15.
Three AMIP-type 10 year simulations have been performed with climate versions of the ARPEGE-IFS model in order to simulate the European climate. The first one uses the standard T42 truncation. The second one uses a high resolution T106 truncation. The horizontal resolution of the third one varies between about T200 over Europe and T21 over the southern Pacific. The winter time general circulation improves in the Atlantic sector as the resolution increases. This is true for the time-mean pattern and for the transient and low-frequency variability. In summer time and in the southern hemisphere, the 3 versions of the model produce reasonable climatologies. When restricted to the European continent, the model verification against the observed climatology shows a reduction of the biases in temperature and, to a lesser extent, in precipitation with the increase in resolution. The use of a variable resolution GCM is a valid alternative to model nesting. The model is too warm in winter and too cold in summer, too wet in northern Europe and too dry in southern Europe. 相似文献
16.
热带大气发展运动的低频模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
当热带大气运动的适应过程完成后 ,即进入到缓变的发展运动 ,描写发展运动的模式有Gill的长波近似模式以及作者提出的短波近似模式。文中在分析这两个模式的特点和不足之处后 ,提出了低频近似下的发展模式。如 f0 是热带地区典型的科氏参数值或惯性振荡频率 ,设运动的特征频率为 σ,则长波和短波近似的成立条件之一 ,要求 σ f0 。而低频近似模式要求 σ2 f20 ,即对运动频率的要求比长波或短波近似模式降低一个量级 ,因此适用性更广。 相似文献
17.
In order to predict wind loading on trees (canopy height h) in partially harvested forests, it is necessary to characterize air flow and momentum transfer in progressively more complex
patterns where groups of trees (or aggregates) are retained. In this study, we used large-eddy simulation to explore the effects
of aggregate size, inter-aggregate spacing, and the ratio between the aggregate size and inter-aggregate spacing on air flow
and momentum transfer. Forty-five grid points across an aggregate were needed to achieve an adequate level of turbulence.
Using grid sizes of h/15 throughout was too viscous for the smaller aggregates. Vertical and horizontal flow deflection by the leading aggregates
sheltered some of the downstream aggregates to varying degrees where turbulence increased for subsequent rows. The number
of rows of protected aggregates decreased as aggregate dimensions and the space between aggregates increased. A theoretical
treatment of time-dependent wind is presented for the lead aggregate and a simulation case is presented for the case of a
gust of reduced wind passing through the aggregate pattern. The leading aggregate responded with decreasing moment for decreasing
ambient wind speed as predicted by theory. However, downwind aggregates experienced substantial increases in bending moment.
The overall results of the disruptive aspects of time dependence agrees with arguments regarding the role of irrotational
(potential) flow to this problem. Our treatment of retention pattern design is only a first step and further research suggestions
are presented. 相似文献
18.
利用垂直正规模，把全球多层原始方程组化成多个浅水波型方程，从而在一个时间步长内，可以使积分的绝大部分工作在多处理机上进行。最后，还给出了计算的流程图。 相似文献
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郑庆林 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1979,37(1):36-43
文中,非线性项的处理用了变维方法,纬向的“完全的谱方法”及经向的“准谱方法”,既有利于克服非线性不稳定,且能大大节省计算量及存储量,使之能在小型计算机上实现其程序设计。通过设计多个地形曲面的办法来考虑地形的作用。在时间差分格式中,将时间步长取成波数的函数,有利于节省计算量。这模式从一九七四年九月开始进行了较多个例的预报实验,其72小时以内的预报效果是比较好的。 相似文献