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1.
光照强度对孔石莼生长和藻体化学组成的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了光照强度2 500～20 000 lx对孔石莼(Ulva pertusa)生长和藻体生化组成的影响。研究结果表明,光照强度对孔石莼的生长率具有明显的影响(P0.05),孔石莼在光照强度为12 500 lx时有最大的生物量积累。光照强度低于12 500 lx时,孔石莼的生长率有随着光照强度的降低而减小的趋势;光照强度高于12 500 lx时,孔石莼的生长率随着光照强度的升高而降低(P0.05)。不同光照强度对孔石莼的叶绿素、可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸的含量具有明显的影响(P0.05)。随着光照强度的增加,孔石莼的叶绿素a和叶绿素b的含量逐渐变小;低光照条件也促进了孔石莼蛋白质的积累;当光照强度超过17 500 lx时,游离脯氨酸的含量明显增加。光照强度对孔石莼化学组成也具有明显的影响(P0.05)。随着光照强度的升高,藻体的N元素含量有所升高,但光强达到17 500 lx后,随着光强的增加,N元素含量反而降低;C元素的含量在光照强度达到17 500 lx后,含量也明显升高;H元素的含量在光照强度2 500~20 000 lx范围内,具有随着光照强度增加而增加的趋势。 相似文献
2.
文章选择鹿回头近岸海域常见的板叶角蜂巢珊瑚(Favites complanata)和十字牡丹珊瑚(Pavona decussata)为研究对象,采用室内连续培养的方法,探究两种不同造礁石珊瑚对酸化和溶解有机碳(DOC)加富的响应。结果表明:酸化(p H7.6)并不会影响两种珊瑚的钙化速率和生长速率;但DOC加富(524.03±78.42μmol?L-1)使两种珊瑚的钙化速率分别降低67%和47%、生长速率降低59%和40%。当二者共同作用时,两种珊瑚的钙化速率降低30%和11%、生长速率降低46%和59%,大多没有DOC单独作用时强烈,表现出一定的拮抗作用。两种珊瑚共生虫黄藻叶绿素荧光指数(Fv/Fm)均升高后降低,板叶角蜂巢珊瑚Fv/Fm最先降低。实验表明,这两种珊瑚虽然对海洋酸化的敏感度不高,但是对有机物加富有不同的响应,板叶角蜂巢珊瑚更为敏感,可能导致这两种珊瑚在未来环境变化中有不同命运。 相似文献
3.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(3)
采用室内模拟CO2加富培养的方式研究了2种pCO2(395和1 000μatm)对三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)和旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)这2种硅藻的种群生长和溶解性无机碳的影响。研究表明:CO2浓度升高显著促进了三角褐指藻和旋链角毛藻种群的生长。三角褐指藻实验组的平均比生长率比对照组高出33.1%,旋链角毛藻实验组的平均比生长率比对照组高出13.4%。同时,CO2加富引起培养环境中溶解性无机碳(DIC)浓度升高,据此推测,未来海洋酸化将使藻生长的碳限制得到缓解。海洋酸化会促进旋链角毛藻种群密度增加,这预示着在未来酸化的环境下暴发赤潮的概率将增加,这将对海洋生态系统的稳定性和生物多样性构成威胁。 相似文献
4.
本文研究了球等鞭金藻3011和8701一次性培养过程中,培养基中不同磷浓度(0μM、2.27μM、18.15μM、36.3μM、72.6μM、290.4μM)对其PS最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、叶绿素含量以及细胞密度的影响。培养温度为(23±1)℃,盐度为31,光照强度为5000 lx。单因子方差分析结果表明,随着培养时间的延长,磷浓度对两株微藻的光合作用及生长均有显著影响(P<0.05)。球等鞭金藻3011和8701的Fv/Fm比值、叶绿素含量以及细胞密度均随着起始磷浓度的增加而增加,在290.4μmol/L处达到最大值;球等鞭金藻3011和8701进行光合作用和生长的最适磷浓度均为290.4μmol/L。 相似文献
5.
坛紫菜(Pyropia haitanensis)养殖区的温度和光照强度变化幅度较大,坛紫菜叶状体对温度和光胁迫的耐受能力决定了产量。为了探究海洋酸化是否改变坛紫菜对温度和光胁迫的耐受能力,本研究采用实验生态学方法研究了坛紫菜的光合作用和生长对温度和光照强度的响应特点。结果表明,无论在短期(4 h)或长期(3～6 d)的高温和强光胁迫下,海洋酸化均提高了坛紫菜的光合速率和生长速率。特别是6 d的高温(31℃)处理导致坛紫菜叶状体死亡,而海洋酸化使得坛紫菜依然能维持0.1 d~(-1)的生长速率;在40～550μmol/(m~2·s)的光照强度范围内,酸化处理将叶状体生长速率提高27%以上。本研究表明海洋酸化提高坛紫菜对高温和强光的耐受能力,未来坛紫菜养殖产业可能受益于海洋酸化。 相似文献
6.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(5)
本文选取东海原甲藻和米氏凯伦藻,以氨氮(NH_4-N)为氮源,通过增加pCO_2(800和1 500μatm)改变海水的酸化程度,研究海洋酸化对东海原甲藻和米氏凯伦藻生长以及抗氧化生物酶活性的影响。研究结果表明,海洋酸化对东海原甲藻和米氏凯伦藻的生长均有抑制作用,两种藻的生长速率在酸化条件下均低于正常海水条件。东海原甲藻和米氏凯伦藻的最大氮吸收速率及其与半饱和常数的比值(V_(max)/K_s比率)均随着酸化程度的加深而降低,表明酸化抑制了浮游植物对NH_4-N的吸收。东海原甲藻在三个实验条件下的V_(max)/K_s比率均高于米氏凯伦藻,表明东海原甲藻比米氏凯伦藻有更强的环境适应性。海洋酸化诱导了东海原甲藻和米氏凯伦藻的活性氧(ROS)升高,随着酸化程度加深,抗氧化生物酶—超氧化歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性升高,这说明,海洋酸化对两种甲藻生长的抑制,通过抗氧化酶的活性变化在生理层面对外界环境作出响应,与生长和营养盐吸收过程相对应。 相似文献
7.
仙掌藻的文石质骨骼及其变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
仙掌藻(Halimede)生长在暖水中,在南海珊瑚礁区水深7米以内均可见到。其碎屑是珊瑚礁、礁岩及礁区松散堆积物中的常见组分,因而具有造礁意义。在水动力作用下,它的钙化小节片易于破碎,并进一步粉碎成砂、粉砂或泥。它在一些地区被认为是碳酸盐砂或泥的主要提供者(Cloud,1962;Folk,1969),并沉积于一定的环境中,如礁后泻湖或礁体波影区。由于它们所具有的生物学和地质学意义,已成为海洋生物学和地质工作者所共同注意和研究的对象。 相似文献
8.
茉莉酸甲酯和水杨酸对坛紫菜生长与抗逆性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探讨植物激素在藻类生理与抗逆方面的作用,本文比较了不同浓度的茉莉酸甲酯(MJ)和水杨酸(SA)对坛紫菜(Pyropia haitanensis)生长、藻胆蛋白、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸含量和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果显示100?mol/L SA的添加可使坛紫菜生长率达到对照组的1.57倍,而MJ对藻的生长影响不显著。50?mol/L MJ和100?mol/L SA显著促进了坛紫菜藻胆蛋白和可溶性蛋白的积累。50?mol/L MJ和100?mol/L SA添加后在48 h脯氨酸含量分别为对照组的2.67倍和1.75倍。25~50?mol/L MJ对坛紫菜的Fv/Fm和Y(II)影响不显著,而100?mol/L SA则可以提高这两个叶绿素荧光参数。该研究表明适当浓度的MJ和SA可以促进坛紫菜生长,提高其光合能力,在一定程度上增强坛紫菜的抗逆性。 相似文献
9.
铁对三角褐指藻生长、光合作用及生化组成的影响 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
近来许多研究表明,不论是在无机氮丰富还是贫乏的水域,铁元素的供应对于浮游植物的生物量、生长率、种类组成及初级生产力均会产生影响。通过室内培养,研究了铁对三角褐指藻生长、光合作用以及细胞生化组成的影响。实验结果表明,在其他营养盐充足的条件下,海水中铁浓度的变化对三角褐指藻的生长及光合作用均有显着影响。在5×10-7mol/dm3铁浓度时,三角褐指藻可达到其最大光合作用速率。在添加铁的条件下,三角褐指藻细胞多种生化组成受到不同程度的影响,其中叶绿素a含量变化幅度最大,增加了25%～35%,叶绿素c、类胡萝卜素含量也有一定程度的增加,但增长幅度要小于叶绿素a;碳水化合物的含量增加了5%～10%,蛋白质含量的增加幅度在5%～15%之间;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性及DCMU荧光增强比(Fd/F)也呈明显的增加趋势。铁是海洋初级生产过程中的一种限制因子。 相似文献
10.
海洋酸化没有显著影响成体鹿角杯形珊瑚的钙化作用和光合能力 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
工业革命以来,人类活动释放的大量CO2进入大气层,不仅产生严重的温室效应,也使得全球海洋出现酸化的现象。造礁珊瑚被认为是受海水酸化影响最大的类群。本研究以鹿角杯形珊瑚(Pocillopora damicornis)为研究对象,通过气体交换法模拟未来的酸化环境(2100年)研究鹿角杯形珊瑚的钙化率和光合能力(Fv/Fm)对酸化的响应。实验设置两个pH组(分别为7.8和8.1),自然光下进行4周的实验,水温控制在(27.5±1)℃。由于珊瑚等生物的代谢过程(主要是呼吸作用),实验系统的pH昼夜变化显著,酸化处理组和对照组的pH分别介于7.69~7.91和7.99~8.29。鹿角杯形珊瑚的生长率介于1.15%~2.09%/周,酸化对鹿角杯形珊瑚的钙化率和光合效率没有显著的影响,鹿角杯形珊瑚对酸化的敏感度低。对比历史研究数据,本研究的结果进一步表明酸化对造礁珊瑚的影响存在种的特异性。推测鹿角杯形珊瑚对酸化的抗性可能与该珊瑚在有光的条件下能够利用HCO-3以及能够上调钙化位点的pH有关。这种特异性的pH缓冲能力使得珊瑚能维持钙化位点钙质基质高的文石饱和度(Ωarag),因此能以小的额外能耗提高造礁珊瑚的钙化率。 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
13.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
14.
G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
15.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
16.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
17.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
18.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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